Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms
Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees
Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Subcellular Location vocabulary mapping, accompanied by conservative changes to GO terms applied by UniProt
Combined Automated Annotation using Multiple IEA Methods
Two Arabidopsis thaliana carotene desaturases, phytoene desaturase and zeta-carotene desaturase, expressed in Escherichia coli, catalyze a poly-cis pathway to yield pro-lycopene.
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Recombinant Arabidopsis phytoene desaturase and zeta-carotene desaturase, reconstituted with GGPP synthase and phytoene synthase in E. coli, produce pro-lycopene (7,9,7',9'-tetra-cis-lycopene) as the main end product of the plant poly-cis pathway.
"We show that pro-lycopene (7,9,7',9'-tetra-cis)-lycopene is the main end product of the plant desaturation pathway in these cells."
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ZDS is stereospecific: it acts on zeta-carotene only after photoisomerization/Z-ISO provides the correct configuration, then forms pro-lycopene.
"zeta-Carotene then meets the stereospecific requirements of zeta-carotene desaturase and pro-lycopene is formed."
The Arabidopsis Spontaneous Cell Death1 gene, encoding a zeta-carotene desaturase essential for carotenoid biosynthesis, is involved in chloroplast development, photoprotection and retrograde signalling.
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The spc1 mutants map to ZDS, and downstream carotenoids are reduced in the weak allele, showing SPC1 is a functional zeta-carotene desaturase essential for carotenoid biosynthesis.
"several major carotenoid compounds downstream of SPC1/ZDS were substantially reduced in spc1-1, suggesting that SPC1 is a functional ZDS"
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Loss of ZDS also disrupts plastid-to-nucleus retrograde signalling (loss of Lhcb1.1, Lhcb1.4, RbcS expression in spc1-2), an indirect consequence of carotenoid deficiency.
"expression of Lhcb1.1, Lhcb1.4 and RbcS was absent in spc1-2, suggesting the possible involvement of carotenoids in the plastid-to-nucleus retrograde signaling"
An Uncharacterized Apocarotenoid-Derived Signal Generated in ζ-Carotene Desaturase Mutants Regulates Leaf Development and the Expression of Chloroplast and Nuclear Genes in Arabidopsis.
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Carotenoid biosynthesis and the downstream leaf-development/gene-expression phenotypes depend on ZDS/CLB5 activity; the phenotypes are rescued by blocking upstream phytoene desaturase.
"Biosynthesis of the signal depends on ζ-carotene desaturase activity encoded by the ζ-CAROTENE DESATURASE (ZDS)/CHLOROPLAST BIOGENESIS5 (CLB5) gene in Arabidopsis thaliana"
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The leaf-development and gene-expression alterations of zds mutants are caused by an apocarotenoid signal made from the accumulated ZDS substrates (phytofluene/zeta-carotene) via CCD4, not by ZDS catalysis itself.
"phytofluene and/or ζ-carotene are substrates for an unidentified signaling molecule"
Proteomic study of the Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplastic envelope membrane utilizing alternatives to traditional two-dimensional electrophoresis.
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A high-throughput proteomics study of the Arabidopsis chloroplast envelope membrane; the curated ZDS hit in this dataset underlies the chloroplast-envelope HDA annotation.
"identify and characterize membrane proteins localized to the Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplastic envelope membrane"
Sorting signals, N-terminal modifications and abundance of the chloroplast proteome.
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Large-scale MS analysis of Arabidopsis chloroplasts assigning ~916 nuclear-encoded proteins with high confidence to the plastid; the curated ZDS hit underlies the chloroplast HDA annotation.
"916 nuclear-encoded proteins were assigned with high confidence to the plastid"
AT_CHLORO, a comprehensive chloroplast proteome database with subplastidial localization and curated information on envelope proteins.
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AT_CHLORO assigns subplastidial (stroma/thylakoid/envelope) localizations by semiquantitative spectral counting; the curated ZDS envelope hit underlies the second chloroplast-envelope HDA annotation.
"accurate subplastidial localization of previously known and newly identified proteins"
UniProt entry Q38893 (ZDS_ARATH)
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ZDS catalyses 9,9'-di-cis-zeta-carotene + 2 quinone = 7,7',9,9'-tetra-cis-lycopene + 2 quinol (EC 1.3.5.6), producing tetra-cis-lycopene (pro-lycopene) via neurosporene.
"Reaction=9,9'-di-cis-zeta-carotene + 2 a quinone = 7,7',9,9'-tetra-cis-"
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ZDS is a plastid enzyme localised to chloroplast and chromoplast.
"SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. Plastid, chromoplast"
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ZDS functions in carotenoid/lycopene biosynthesis and is essential for it.
"PATHWAY: Carotenoid biosynthesis; lycopene biosynthesis."