Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms

Manual transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to orthologs by curator judgment of sequence similarity

Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees

Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Subcellular Location vocabulary mapping, accompanied by conservative changes to GO terms applied by UniProt

Automatic transfer of experimentally verified manual GO annotation data to orthologs using Ensembl Compara

Combined Automated Annotation using Multiple IEA Methods

Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes cyanamide hydration to urea: is it mimicking the physiological reaction?

Mechanism of cyanamide hydration catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase II suggested by cryogenic X-ray diffraction.

Structural and kinetic analysis of the chemical rescue of the proton transfer function of carbonic anhydrase II.

Immunohistochemical localization of human carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme C.

Crystal structure of human carbonic anhydrase II complexed with an anti-convulsant sugar sulphamate.

Structural aspects of isozyme selectivity in the binding of inhibitors to carbonic anhydrases II and IV.

Organization of an efficient carbonic anhydrase: implications for the mechanism based on structure-function studies of a T199P/C206S mutant.

Kinetic analysis of multiple proton shuttles in the active site of human carbonic anhydrase.

Crystallographic studies of the binding of protonated and unprotonated inhibitors to carbonic anhydrase using hydrogen sulphide and nitrate anions.

Comparative ontogeny, processing, and segmental distribution of the renal chloride channel, ClC-5.

Unexpected nanomolar inhibition of carbonic anhydrase by COX-2-selective celecoxib: new pharmacological opportunities due to related binding site recognition.

Regulation of the human NBC3 Na+/HCO3- cotransporter by carbonic anhydrase II and PKA.

Molecular mechanism of kNBC1-carbonic anhydrase II interaction in proximal tubule cells.

Carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome (osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis and brain calcification): novel mutations in CA2 identified by direct sequencing expand the opportunity for genotype-phenotype correlation.

Crystal structure of human carbonic anhydrase II at 1.95 A resolution in complex with 667-coumate, a novel anti-cancer agent.

Structural and kinetic characterization of active-site histidine as a proton shuttle in catalysis by human carbonic anhydrase II.

First crystal structures of human carbonic anhydrase II in complex with dual aromatase-steroid sulfatase inhibitors.

Metabolon disruption: a mechanism that regulates bicarbonate transport.

Proton transfer in a Thr200His mutant of human carbonic anhydrase II.

Carbonic anhydrase activators: X-ray crystal structure of the adduct of human isozyme II with L-histidine as a platform for the design of stronger activators.

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Valdecoxib binds to a different active site region of the human isoform II as compared to the structurally related cyclooxygenase II "selective" inhibitor celecoxib.

Carbonic anhydrase activators. Activation of isoforms I, II, IV, VA, VII, and XIV with L- and D-phenylalanine and crystallographic analysis of their adducts with isozyme II: stereospecific recognition within the active site of an enzyme and its consequences for the drug design.

N-hydroxyurea--a versatile zinc binding function in the design of metalloenzyme inhibitors.

Carbonic anhydrase activators. Activation of isozymes I, II, IV, VA, VII, and XIV with l- and d-histidine and crystallographic analysis of their adducts with isoform II: engineering proton-transfer processes within the active site of an enzyme.

Carbonic anhydrase activators: L-Adrenaline plugs the active site entrance of isozyme II, activating better isoforms I, IV, VA, VII, and XIV.

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: binding of an antiglaucoma glycosyl-sulfanilamide derivative to human isoform II and its consequences for the drug design of enzyme inhibitors incorporating sugar moieties.

Phosph(on)ate as a zinc-binding group in metalloenzyme inhibitors: X-ray crystal structure of the antiviral drug foscarnet complexed to human carbonic anhydrase I.

Speeding up proton transfer in a fast enzyme: kinetic and crystallographic studies on the effect of hydrophobic amino acid substitutions in the active site of human carbonic anhydrase II.

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: the X-ray crystal structure of the adduct of N-hydroxysulfamide with isozyme II explains why this new zinc binding function is effective in the design of potent inhibitors.

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of human, bacterial, and archaeal isozymes with benzene-1,3-disulfonamides--solution and crystallographic studies.

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Interaction of the antiepileptic drug sulthiame with twelve mammalian isoforms: kinetic and X-ray crystallographic studies.

Saccharin inhibits carbonic anhydrases: possible explanation for its unpleasant metallic aftertaste.

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Interaction of 2-(hydrazinocarbonyl)-3-phenyl-1H-indole-5-sulfonamide with 12 mammalian isoforms: kinetic and X-ray crystallographic studies.

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Interaction of 2-N,N-dimethylamino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-5-methanesulfonamide with 12 mammalian isoforms: kinetic and X-ray crystallographic studies.

Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase II by thioxolone: a mechanistic and structural study.

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Interaction of indapamide and related diuretics with 12 mammalian isozymes and X-ray crystallographic studies for the indapamide-isozyme II adduct.

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: bioreductive nitro-containing sulfonamides with selectivity for targeting the tumor associated isoforms IX and XII.

Crystal structure of human carbonic anhydrase XIII and its complex with the inhibitor acetazolamide.

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Interaction of the antitumor sulfamate EMD 486019 with twelve mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms: Kinetic and X-ray crystallographic studies.

Role of hydrophilic residues in proton transfer during catalysis by human carbonic anhydrase II.

Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exosomes.

Conformational mobility of His-64 in the Thr-200----Ser mutant of human carbonic anhydrase II.

Altering the mouth of a hydrophobic pocket. Structure and kinetics of human carbonic anhydrase II mutants at residue Val-121.

Design of a carbonic anhydrase IX active-site mimic to screen inhibitors for possible anticancer properties.

A thiabendazole sulfonamide shows potent inhibitory activity against mammalian and nematode alpha-carbonic anhydrases.

Non-zinc mediated inhibition of carbonic anhydrases: coumarins are a new class of suicide inhibitors.

Carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome in a Belgian family is caused by a point mutation at an invariant histidine residue (107 His----Tyr): complete structure of the normal human CA II gene.

Structural study of X-ray induced activation of carbonic anhydrase.

Dissecting the inhibition mechanism of cytosolic versus transmembrane carbonic anhydrases by ESR.

Histidine 64 is not required for high CO2 hydration activity of human carbonic anhydrase II.

Crystallographic studies of inhibitor binding sites in human carbonic anhydrase II: a pentacoordinated binding of the SCN- ion to the zinc at high pH.

The carbon dioxide hydration activity of carbonic anhydrase. I. Stop-flow kinetic studies on the native human isoenzymes B and C.

Catalytic and inhibitor-binding properties of some active-site mutants of human carbonic anhydrase I.

Structure-assisted redesign of a protein-zinc-binding site with femtomolar affinity.

Structural analysis of the zinc hydroxide-Thr-199-Glu-106 hydrogen-bond network in human carbonic anhydrase II.

Structure and energetics of a non-proline cis-peptidyl linkage in a proline-202-->alanine carbonic anhydrase II variant.

Structural and functional importance of a conserved hydrogen bond network in human carbonic anhydrase II.

Structure of an engineered His3Cys zinc binding site in human carbonic anhydrase II.

Crystallographic analysis of Thr-200-->His human carbonic anhydrase II and its complex with the substrate, HCO3-.

Structural consequences of hydrophilic amino acid substitutions in the hydrophobic pocket of human carbonic anhydrase II.

Reversal of the hydrogen bond to zinc ligand histidine-119 dramatically diminishes catalysis and enhances metal equilibration kinetics in carbonic anhydrase II.

Carbonic anhydrase activators: X-ray crystallographic and spectroscopic investigations for the interaction of isozymes I and II with histamine.

Histidine --> carboxamide ligand substitutions in the zinc binding site of carbonic anhydrase II alter metal coordination geometry but retain catalytic activity.

Carbonic anhydrase dehydrates bicarbonate (cytosol)

Carbonic anhydrase hydrates carbon dioxide (cytosol)

CA1:Zn2+,CA2:Zn2+ hydrate CO2 to HCO3-

CA1:Zn2+,CA2:Zn2+ dehydrate HCO3- to CO2

CA1:Zn2+,CA2:Zn2+ bind CA inhibitors

Evidence against a direct interaction between intracellular carbonic anhydrase II and pure C-terminal domains of SLC4 bicarbonate transporters.

Putative anion transporter-1 (Pat-1, Slc26a6) contributes to intracellular pH regulation during H+-dipeptide transport in duodenal villous epithelium.

UniProtKB P00918 (CA2_HUMAN) reviewed protein record