C5ORF46 encodes AP-64, a small (64-amino-acid, ~7.2 kDa) anionic, amphiphilic, cysteine-free peptide detectable in human plasma that functions as a secreted antimicrobial peptide [PMID:31308252, PMID:33804835]. AP-64 exerts direct bactericidal activity against multiple Gram-negative bacteria in vitro and reduces E. coli O157:H7 infection in a mouse model PMID:33804835. Beyond its antibacterial role, no defined molecular mechanism, receptor, or binding partner has been characterized in the available corpus.
Recorded for reference. The AIGR evaluation found this grounding is coarse (collapses to general parents) and can contradict the narrative — do not import these GO ids directly; re-ground from the narrative + PMIDs.
| Year | Confidence | Finding | PMIDs | Journal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Medium | C5ORF46 encodes AP-64, a 64-amino-acid anionic amphiphilic peptide lacking cysteines (MW=7.2 kDa, pI=4.54) that exhibits direct antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria including E. coli DH5α, E. coli O157:H7, Vibrio cholerae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro, and reduces E. coli O157:H7 infection in a mouse model. | PMID:33804835 | Biomolecules |
| 2021 | Low | AP-64 (C5ORF46 protein product) exhibits cytotoxic effects against human T-cell lymphoma Jurkat and B-cell lymphoma Raji cells. | PMID:33804835 | Biomolecules |
| 2019 | Low | C5ORF46 protein is detectable as a previously uncharacterized small protein (2–10 kDa range) in human plasma, identified by mass spectrometry using a small-protein enrichment assay. | PMID:31308252 | Molecular & Cellular Proteomics |
| 2022 | Low | Knockdown of C5ORF46 in renal cancer cell lines reduced cell proliferation and migration and increased apoptosis in vitro; transcriptomic sequencing after knockdown implicated C5ORF46 in regulation of the malignant phenotype and immune microenvironment. | PMID:35504177 | Translational Oncology |