Use of the ND evidence code for Gene Ontology (GO) terms
Manual transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to orthologs by curator judgment of sequence similarity
Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees
Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Subcellular Location vocabulary mapping, accompanied by conservative changes to GO terms applied by UniProt
Combined Automated Annotation using Multiple IEA Methods
FAM20C phosphorylates FAM20C substrates
The enamel protein amelotin is a promoter of hydroxyapatite mineralization.
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AMTN associates with HA crystals.
"Colloidal gold immunolabeling of AMTN in the mineral deposits showed that protein molecules were associated with HA crystals."
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Its HA affinity is comparable to amelogenin.
"The binding affinity of rh-AMTN to HA was found to be comparable to that of amelogenin, the major protein of the forming enamel matrix."
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AMTN promotes HA mineralization.
"These findings demonstrate that AMTN has a direct influence on biomineralization by promoting HA mineralization"
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The SSEEL motif is required.
"Site-specific mutagenesis of the potential serine phosphorylation motif SSEEL reduced the in vitro mineral precipitation to less than 25%, revealing that this motif is important for the HA mineralizing function of the protein."
Cloning of rat amelotin and localization of the protein to the basal lamina of maturation stage ameloblasts and junctional epithelium.
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Amtn is in the basal lamina of maturation-stage ameloblasts.
"immunofluorescence localization within the rat and mouse mandibles revealed Amtn localized to the basal lamina of maturation stage ameloblasts of incisors and unerupted molars."
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Amtn is in the internal basal lamina of junctional epithelium.
"Intense Amtn protein expression was also detected in the internal basal lamina of junctional epithelium in molars."
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Secreted Amtn is O-glycosylated.
"Transient transfection experiments in HEK-293 cells (human embryonic kidney cells) showed that secreted Amtn is post-translationally modified possibly through O-linked oligosaccharides on threonine residues."
Amelotin--a Novel Secreted, Ameloblast-specific Protein.
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Amelotin is ameloblast-specific.
"Expression of amelotin mRNA was restricted to maturation-stage ameloblasts in developing murine molars and incisors."
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Amelotin is secreted.
"Amelotin protein was efficiently secreted from transfected cells in culture."
Deletion of amelotin exons 3-6 is associated with amelogenesis imperfecta.
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An AMTN deletion causes dominant hypomineralized amelogenesis imperfecta.
"This study demonstrates for the first time that AMTN mutations cause non-syndromic human AI and explores the human phenotype, comparing it with that of mice with disrupted Amtn function."
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Affected enamel has lower mineral density.
"Exfoliated primary teeth from an affected family member had enamel that was of a lower mineral density compared to control enamel"
Enamel Hypomineralization and Structural Defects in Amelotin-deficient Mice.
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Amtn-null mice have defective outer and surface enamel.
"These observations indicate that AMTN plays a subtle yet critical role in enamel biomineralization, particularly during the establishment of the outer and surface enamel layers."
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The dentogingival attachment is unaffected.
"The integrity of the dentogingival attachment at the junctional epithelium appeared unaffected by AMTN deficiency."
Comparative temporospatial expression profiling of murine amelotin protein during amelogenesis.
A secretory kinase complex regulates extracellular protein phosphorylation.
A reference map of the human binary protein interactome.
Affinage mechanistic annotation for AMTN (human)