Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms
Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees
Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Subcellular Location vocabulary mapping, accompanied by conservative changes to GO terms applied by UniProt
TreeGrafter-generated GO annotations
Combined Automated Annotation using Multiple IEA Methods
Cardiac neural crest ablation alters Id2 gene expression in the developing heart.
Interactions between Twist and other core epithelial-mesenchymal transition factors are controlled by GSK3-mediated phosphorylation.
-
Twist is required for cranial NC specifier expression in Xenopus; loss expands the zic1 border domain; rescued by MO-resistant Twist.
"Importantly, the effects of Twist depletion can be rescued by a form of Twist that cannot be targeted by the MO"
-
Twist biases cranial NC toward cartilage (Sox9) versus glial (Foxd3) fates.
"suggesting that in the absence of Twist, cranial NC cells that would normally give rise to cartilage might instead adopt glial fates"
-
Twist WR domain directly binds Snail2 and inhibits Snail activity, regulated by GSK3-beta phosphorylation.
"Collectively, our data suggested a model in which Twist binds to and inhibits the activity of Snail proteins"
Pax3 and Zic1 trigger the early neural crest gene regulatory network by the direct activation of multiple key neural crest specifiers.
-
twist1 is an immediate-early Pax3 (not Zic1) responsive gene in Xenopus.
"Twist1 was neither activated by Zic1 alone, nor downregulated by Zic1 knock-down in vivo, suggesting that twist is regulated by Pax3 only."
Identification of a rudimentary neural crest in a non-vertebrate chordate.
-
Ciona Twist (twist-like 2) is mesoderm-restricted; misexpression in the a9.49 pigment lineage reprograms it into migrating ectomesenchyme.
"Thus, the misexpression of Twist appears to be sufficient, in part, to reprogram the a9.49 lineage into ectomesenchyme"
Insights from the amphioxus genome on the origin of vertebrate neural crest.
-
Many NC specifier genes are not expressed at the amphioxus neural plate border.
"many neural crest specifier genes are not expressed at the amphioxus neural plate/tube border, raising the intriguing possibility that this level of the network was co-opted during vertebrate evolution"
A Xenopus mRNA related to Drosophila twist is expressed in response to induction in the mesoderm and the neural crest.
X-twi is expressed prior to gastrulation in presumptive neurectodermal and mesodermal cells in dorsalized and ventralized Xenopus laevis embryos.
UniProt entry P13903 (TWIST_XENLA)
Deep research report on Xenopus laevis twist1 (falcon)