Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms
Manual transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to orthologs by curator judgment of sequence similarity
Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees
Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot keyword mapping
Automatic transfer of experimentally verified manual GO annotation data to orthologs using Ensembl Compara
Electronic Gene Ontology annotations created by ARBA machine learning models
Combined Automated Annotation using Multiple IEA Methods
Interleukin 21 and its receptor are involved in NK cell expansion and regulation of lymphocyte function.
IL-21 up-regulates the expression of genes associated with innate immunity and Th1 response.
Human IL-21 and IL-4 bind to partially overlapping epitopes of common gamma-chain.
IL-21 induces both rapid maturation of human CD34+ cell precursors towards NK cells and acquisition of surface killer Ig-like receptors.
[Cloning and expression of human interleukin-21 cDNA in E.coli].
Biology of IL-21 and the IL-21 receptor.
Interleukin-21 enhances T-helper cell type I signaling and interferon-gamma production in Crohn's disease.
Divergent effects of IL-12 and IL-23 on the production of IL-17 by human T cells.
Cloning and characterization of an isoform of interleukin-21.
The opposite effects of IL-15 and IL-21 on CLL B cells correlate with differential activation of the JAK/STAT and ERK1/2 pathways.
Interleukin-21 activates human natural killer cells and modulates their surface receptor expression.
Il-21 enhances NK cell activation and cytolytic activity and induces Th17 cell differentiation in inflammatory bowel disease.
Identification of the novel 3' UTR sequences of human IL-21 mRNA as potential targets of miRNAs.
A reference map of the human binary protein interactome.
A structural blueprint for interleukin-21 signal modulation.
OpenScientist focused review of IL21 positive regulation of T cell proliferation as a core function
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The focused hypothesis review judged positive regulation of T cell proliferation to be a real IL21 effect but not a core function, recommending KEEP_AS_NON_CORE for both GO:0042102 annotations.
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The report found that IL21's signature functions are cytokine activity driving the B cell/Tfh/humoral immunity axis: germinal center B cell differentiation, Tfh differentiation, immunoglobulin production, and B cell proliferation.
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The report recommended removing positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity from core_functions and retaining it as non-core, because the effect is real but not signature.
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The report flagged an evidence-code asymmetry: several signature IL21 processes have weaker GOA evidence codes than the non-core T cell proliferation annotations.
IL21:IL21R:JAK1 binds IL2RG:JAK3
IL21 receptor JAK phosphorylation
IL21 receptor STAT phosphorylation
IL21 receptor STAT binding