Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms
Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees
Automatic transfer of experimentally verified manual GO annotation data to orthologs using Ensembl Compara
Combined Automated Annotation using Multiple IEA Methods
Expression and biological effects of endothelin-1 in human gonadotropin-releasing hormone-secreting neurons.
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Human fetal olfactory GnRH-secreting neuroblasts (FNC-B4) express functional ETA (EDNRA) and ETB (EDNRB) receptors that respond to ET-1 and ET-3 with intracellular calcium mobilization,GnRH secretion, DNA synthesis, and ERK1 MAPK expression.
"Experiments with radiolabeled ET-1 and ET-3 strongly indicated the presence of two classes of binding sites, corresponding to the ETA (16,500 sites/cell) and the ETB receptors (8,700 sites/cell). Functional studies, using selective analogs, indicated that these two classes of receptors subserve distinct functions in human GnRH-secreting cells. The ETA receptor subtype mediated an increase in intracellular calcium and GnRH secretion. Conversely, stimulation of the ETB subtype induced DNA synthesis and mitogen-activated protein kinase p44ERK1 expression."
Ursodeoxycholic acid reduces increased circulating endothelin 2 in primary biliary cirrhosis.
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Circulating endothelin-1, endothelin-2, and endothelin-3 peptides were quantified in human serum and hepatic vein blood.
"Endothelins and nitrites/nitrates were measured in serum and hepatic vein blood in primary biliary cirrhosis and viral cirrhotic patients prior and after ursodeoxycholic acid therapy and in serum in controls."
Cloning and functional expression of human cDNA for the ETB endothelin receptor.
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Cloned human EDNRB expressed in COS cells binds ET-1 and ET-3 with equal high affinity and mediates transient increases in cytosolic Ca2+.
"COS cells transiently transfected with the cloned cDNA expressed specific, high-affinity binding sites for endothelin isopeptides and responded to the peptides with a transient increase of [Ca2+]i; endothelin-1 and endothelin-3 exhibited approximately equal potencies both in displacing 125I-labeled endothelin-1 binding and in eliciting [Ca2+]i transients."
Apolipoprotein B is a new target of the GDNF/RET and ET-3/EDNRB signalling pathways.
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ET-3/EDNRB and GDNF/RET signaling regulate survival, differentiation, migration, and proliferation of enteric neural crest-derived cells.
"GDNF/RET and Endothelin-3 (ET-3)/EDNRB regulate survival, differentiation, migration, and proliferation of neural crest-derived cells."
The human endothelin family: three structurally and pharmacologically distinct isopeptides predicted by three separate genes.
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Genomic cloning and synthesis of human ET-1, ET-2, and ET-3 demonstrated strong vasoconstrictor and systemic arterial pressor responses.
"Synthetic ET-1, ET-2, and ET-3 were prepared according to the deduced amino acid sequences, and the biological activities were assayed by contraction of isolated porcine coronary artery strips and by intravenous injection to anesthetized rats. All these synthetic peptides produced strong vasoconstrictor and pressor responses."
Molecular interactions at the interface of Candida albicans and host cells.
Characterization of endothelin receptors in the human umbilical artery and vein.
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ET-1 and ET-2 potently contract both human umbilical artery and vein, whereas ET-3 selectively contracts the human umbilical vein and is inactive on the artery.
"Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and endothelin-2 (ET-2) are potent stimulants of both the human umbilical artery (pEC50 7.9 and 7.5) and vein (pEC50 8.1 and 8.0). Endothelin-3 (ET-3) is inactive on the artery but contracts the vein (pEC50 7.6)."
The involvement of protein kinase G in stimulation of neutrophil migration by endothelins.
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Endothelin-1 and endothelin-3 stimulate migration of human neutrophils via a cGMP and protein kinase G-dependent pathway.
"Activation of human neutrophil migration by endothelin-1 and endothelin-3 is inhibited by guanylate cyclase inhibitors, by antagonists of protein kinase G (G-kinase), and by KT-5823, an inhibitor of G-kinase."
Liganded Gq/11-activating GPCRs act as GEFs for Gq/11
Liganded Gq-activating GPCRs bind inactive heterotrimeric Gq
The Ligand:GPCR:Gq complex dissociates
Effects of endothelins on signal transduction and proliferation in human melanocytes.
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In cultured cells, ET-1, ET-2, and ET-3 stimulate inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate formation and intracellular calcium mobilization.
"Upon incubation with cultured cells, the mass contents of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and intracellular calcium level were substantially increased by 10 nM ET-1, ET-2, and ET-3, but not by big-ET with maximal response at 80-130-s postincubation."