Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.
Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees
Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot keyword mapping
Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Subcellular Location vocabulary mapping, accompanied by conservative changes to GO terms applied by UniProt.
Automatic transfer of experimentally verified manual GO annotation data to orthologs using Ensembl Compara.
Electronic Gene Ontology annotations created by ARBA machine learning models
Combined Automated Annotation using Multiple IEA Methods.
The debate about transport in the Golgi--two sides of the same coin?
Identification and characterization of novel isoforms of COP I subunits.
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Identified gamma2-COP as a novel isoform of the gamma subunit of COPI. Showed gamma2-COP colocalizes with beta-COP in the cis-Golgi region, forms complexes with beta-COP in vivo, and interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of p23/TMED10.
"gamma2-COP and zeta2-COP are colocalized with beta-COP in the paranuclear cis-Golgi region [...] gamma2-COP can form a complex with beta-COP in vivo. The gamma1-COP-containing and gamma2-COP-containing complexes can similarly interact with the cytoplasmic domain of p23."
Novel isotypic gamma/zeta subunits reveal three coatomer complexes in mammals.
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Identified three coatomer isoforms defined by gamma1/zeta1, gamma1/zeta2, and gamma2/zeta1 subunit combinations. The gamma2/zeta1 isoform is preferentially incorporated into COPI vesicles, with a population identified that almost exclusively contains this isoform.
"three isotypes exist of the complex defined by the subunit combinations gamma1/zeta1, gamma1/zeta2, and gamma2/zeta1 [...] the gamma2/zeta1 isotype is preferentially incorporated into COPI vesicles. A population of COPI vesicles was characterized that almost exclusively contains gamma2/zeta1 coatomer."
A genetic screen in Drosophila reveals an unexpected role for the KIP1 ubiquitination-promoting complex in male fertility.
Active ARF recruits coatomer
ARFGAP, cargo, v-SNAREs and p24 proteins bind nascent COPI complex
ARFGAPs stimulate ARF GTPase activity
ERGIC-to-Golgi vesicles bind dynein:dynactin
Vesicle is tethered through binding GOLGA2:GORASP1, GOLGB1 and the COG complex
cis-Golgi t-SNAREs bind YKT6 on tethered vesicle
Active ARF recruits coatomer to the Golgi
ARFGAP, cargo, vSNARES and p24 proteins bind COPI vesicles at Golgi
ARFGAPs stimulate ARF GTPase activity at the Golgi membrane
Retrograde vesicle is tethered at the ER by the NRZ complex and t-SNAREs
Retrograde COPI vesicles bind kinesin and microtubules
COPI vesicle uncoating at the ER
Deep research on COPG2 function (OpenAI o3 deep research)
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Comprehensive review of COPG2 function including COPI architecture, gamma2-COP's role in the gamma/zeta adaptor subcomplex, preferential incorporation of gamma2/zeta1 coatomer into COPI vesicles, and functional redundancy with COPG1 for basic COPI functions but distinct roles in neuronal differentiation.
Deep research on COPG2 function (Falcon / Edison Scientific Literature)
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Synthesizes paralog-specific biology of COPG2/gamma2-COP versus COPG1/gamma1-COP, reporting ~80% overall amino-acid identity (trunk ~81%, appendage ~75%) and a ~30 aa N-terminal extension in gamma2-COP. Highlights trans-Golgi enrichment of gamma2-COP (vs cis-Golgi enrichment of gamma1-COP), GBF1/ARF1-mediated recruitment of coatomer, an estimated <=~5% abundance of gamma2/zeta2 coatomer relative to total coatomer, and context-dependent dispensability (e.g., COPG2 knockdown did not impair hepatocyte HDL uptake and increased apoA-I secretion by 33%; gamma2-COP loss did not impair neurite outgrowth, in contrast to gamma1-COP loss). Notes that MEST/COPG2 locus regulation (imprinting, MestXL antisense transcription) may modulate COPG2 expression, particularly in neuronal lineages.