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DfrP is a dihydrofolate reductase enzyme that catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate.
"DfrP is a dihydrofolate reductase...catalyzes the reduction of dihydrofolic acid (DHF) to tetrahydrofolic acid (THF) using NADPH as a cofactor"
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Phage DHFR genes (dfrA family) are widespread in lytic phages and enhance phage fitness by improving nucleotide biosynthesis during infection.
"phiNIT1 encodes DfrP as an auxiliary metabolic gene (AMG) to boost nucleotide biosynthesis during infection"
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PhiNIT1 and related Bastillevirinae phages uniquely carry both thyA and DHFR genes to form a self-sufficient thymidine synthesis cycle.
"By providing its own DHFR and TS, phiNIT1 ensures that the infected host cell can efficiently produce dTMP and other nucleotides"
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DfrP belongs to the trimethoprim-resistant DfrA family of DHFRs.
"These phage DHFR genes...tend to be trimethoprim-resistant variants...distinct from typical bacterial FolA, falling into the DfrA family"