GLO2 (At3g14415; UniProt Q9LRS0) - curation notes

Deep research could not be run for this gene (no deep-research provider API keys in this
environment). These notes were built only from cached publications (publications/PMID_*.md),
the UniProt record (GLO2-uniprot.txt) and papers cached with ai-gene-review fetch-pmid.
No -deep-research-*.md file exists for this gene.

Nomenclature warning (GOX1 vs GOX2)

• UniProt: GN Name=GLO2; Synonyms=GOX1; OrderedLocusNames=At3g14415, Short=GOX2 (from
  PMID:25416784) and DR TAIR; AT3G14415; GOX2. In this folder GLO2 = GOX2 = At3g14415 (TAIR
  naming); the UniProt synonym GOX1 reflects crossed usage in part of the literature.
• TAIR-consistent papers: Hackenberg et al. 2011 PMID:21828292; Dellero et al. 2015 PMID:25416784; Kerchev et al. 2016 (full text, checked via web: GOX2 = At3g14415).
• Crossed naming: Reumann et al. 2007 PMID:17951448. Here "GOX1"
  = our GLO2.

Molecular function

• Glycolate oxidase (EC 1.1.3.15; GO:0003973 (S)-2-hydroxy-acid oxidase activity, which replaced
  obsolete GO:0008891 glycolate oxidase activity; checked in OLS4).
• Recombinant At-GOX2 is an O2-dependent oxidase, not a dehydrogenase PMID:21828292.
• Substrate preference PMID:21828292, PMID:21828292. UniProt kinetics: Km 1.906 mM glycolate and 0.356 mM
  L-lactate (PMID:21828292); Km 0.3 mM glycolate, kcat 30.10 s-1 (PMID:25416784). Minor activity
  with hydroxypyruvate and glycerate in vitro.
• In vivo complementation: PMID:21828292 (Synechocystis glcD1/glcD2 double mutant).
• Mechanism: hydride transfer PMID:25416784.
• FMN cofactor (by similarity to spinach GOX P05414); FMN-dependent alpha-hydroxy acid
  dehydrogenase family (PANTHER PTHR10578:SF110).

Localization

• Peroxisome; identified in purified leaf peroxisomes with PTS1 PRL> (PMID:17951448, where it is
  called GOX1). Other proteomic detections (vacuole, nucleus, chloroplast, stroma, apoplast,
  cytosol, stress granule) are most likely carry-over of this abundant matrix enzyme; handled per
  projects/ARATH/organelle-audit.md.

Biological process

• Photorespiration (C2 cycle), co-regulated with GLO1 and other photorespiratory genes
  PMID:22303256.
• Redundancy with GLO1 PMID:26896850; combined knock-down is severe PMID:26896850.
• GOX2 versus GOX1 PMID:27225899; both single mutants are affected by high light PMID:27225899.
• Defence: GOX-derived H2O2 in nonhost resistance (PMID:22286136, abstract only; Kerchev et al.
  2016 full text attributes gox1-1 and gox2-1 to this paper).
• Ozone sensitivity of a T-DNA line at the GOX1/GOX2 locus with ~60% GOX activity (PMID:28339978).

Module comparison (modules/photorespiration_c2_cycle.yaml)

• Module: GO:0003973 MF, GO:0009853 photorespiration, GO:0005777 peroxisome. Review agrees on MF
  and location; the existing (accepted) process annotation is the more specific GO:0009854
  oxidative photosynthetic carbon pathway (part_of GO:0009853).