Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms
Manual transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to orthologs by curator judgment of sequence similarity
Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees
Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Subcellular Location vocabulary mapping, accompanied by conservative changes to GO terms applied by UniProt
Automatic Gene Ontology annotation based on Rhea mapping
Electronic Gene Ontology annotations created by ARBA machine learning models
Combined Automated Annotation using Multiple IEA Methods
Tumor suppressor PTEN mediates sensing of chemoattractant gradients.
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PTEN-GFP localizes to the plasma membrane at the rear of the cell, and membrane localization requires a PI(4,5)P2-binding motif and is required for chemotaxis.
"Membrane localization required a putative PI(4,5)P2 binding motif and was required for chemotaxis"
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Loss of PTEN broadens and prolongs PIP3 (PH-domain) and actin polymerization responses, causing circuitous migration.
"causing the cells lacking PTEN to follow a circuitous route toward the attractant"
Spatial and temporal regulation of 3-phosphoinositides by PI 3-kinase and PTEN mediates chemotaxis.
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PTEN shows a pattern of localization reciprocal to PI3K, restricting PIP3 to the leading edge.
"PTEN, a negative regulator of PI3K pathways, exhibits a reciprocal pattern of localization"
Novel mechanism of PTEN regulation by its phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate binding motif is critical for chemotaxis.
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The lipid phosphatase activity of PTEN mediates chemotaxis, and sharp PIP3 localization requires PTEN at the rear.
"the lipid phosphatase activity of PTEN mediates chemotaxis and that the sharp localization of PI(3,4,5)P3 requires localization of PTEN to the rear of the cell"
Chemoattractant signaling in dictyostelium discoideum.
Imaging of cell migration.
Chemotaxis in the absence of PIP3 gradients.
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A PI3K1-5/PTEN sextuple mutant chemotaxes near normally but has a consistent defect in movement speed.
"There is, however, a consistent defect in movement speed in chemotaxis and especially in random movement"
Chemoattractants and chemorepellents act by inducing opposite polarity in phospholipase C and PI3-kinase signaling.
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In chemorepellent gradients the localization of PI3K and PTEN is reversed relative to chemoattractant gradients.
"In 8CPT-cAMP gradients, the localization of PI3K and PTEN is reversed compared with cAMP gradients"
Locally controlled inhibitory mechanisms are involved in eukaryotic GPCR-mediated chemosensing.
PTEN plays a role in the suppression of lateral pseudopod formation during Dictyostelium motility and chemotaxis.
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PTEN is constitutively localized in the cortex of polarized cells.
"PTEN, which is constitutively localized in the cortex of polarized cells"
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PTEN plays a fundamental role in suppressing lateral pseudopod formation, but not in directional sensing.
"PTEN, therefore, plays a fundamental role in the suppression of lateral pseudopod formation"
Ordered patterns of cell shape and orientational correlation during spontaneous cell migration.
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PTEN is localized at the rear of spontaneously migrating cells and restricts excess pseudopod formation.
"phosphatase and tensin homolog, (PTEN), is simultaneously localized at the rear"
PTEN is a mechanosensing signal transducer for myosin II localization in Dictyostelium cells.
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PTEN co-localizes with myosin II at the posterior of migrating cells and the furrow of dividing cells.
"PTEN and myosin II co-localized at the posterior of migrating cells and furrow region of dividing cells"
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pten- cells become multinucleated with reduced furrow myosin II, indicating a cytokinesis role.
"PTEN knockout (pten(-)) cells became multinucleated, and myosin II significantly decreased in amount at the furrow"
Self-organization of the phosphatidylinositol lipids signaling system for random cell migration.
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PTEN and PI3K are essential regulators of membrane PtdIns lipid concentrations and are required for self-organized PIP3 waves.
"regulators for PtdIns lipid concentrations along the membrane, were essential for wave generation"
Disruption of PKB signaling restores polarity to cells lacking tumor suppressor PTEN.
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PTEN maintains cell polarity required for cytokinesis and chemotaxis by limiting PIP3 levels.
"tumor suppressor PTEN not only controls cell growth but also maintains cell polarity required for cytokinesis and chemotaxis"
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Polarity defects in pten- cells correlate with elevated PKB substrate phosphorylation.
"The polarity defects in pten- cells correlate with elevated phosphorylations of PKB substrates"
Delineating the core regulatory elements crucial for directed cell migration by examining folic-acid-mediated responses.
PTEN redundancy: overexpressing lpten, a homolog of Dictyostelium discoideum ptenA, the ortholog of human PTEN, rescues all behavioral defects of the mutant ptenA-.
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Deletion of ptenA causes defects in motility, chemotaxis, aggregation and multicellular morphogenesis, all rescued by overexpressing lpten.
"Deletion of ptenA results in defects in motility, chemotaxis, aggregation and multicellular morphogenesis"
Microtubule-Mediated Inositol Lipid Signaling Plays Critical Roles in Regulation of Blebbing.
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PTEN-null cells extend fewer blebs, implicating PTEN in bleb regulation via inositol lipid metabolism.
"PTEN-null cells extended fewer blebs"
An endogenous chemorepellent directs cell movement by inhibiting pseudopods at one side of cells.
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In cAMP chemoattraction, PTEN localizes myosin II to the rear of the cell.
"PTEN to localize myosin II to the rear of a cell"
Single-molecule imaging of PI(4,5)P(2) and PTEN in vitro reveals a positive feedback mechanism for PTEN membrane binding.
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PTEN's product PI(4,5)P2 stabilizes PTEN membrane binding, creating a positive-feedback loop for posterior accumulation.
"the enzymatic product, PI(4,5)P2, stabilizes PTEN's membrane-binding"
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PTEN accumulates posteriorly to restrict PIP3 to the anterior, enabling efficient migration.
"accumulating PTEN posteriorly to restrict PI(3,4,5)P3 distribution to the anterior"
An Autocrine Negative Feedback Loop Inhibits Dictyostelium discoideum Proliferation through Pathways Including IP3/Ca(2).
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PTEN is required for polyphosphate-induced proliferation inhibition and IP3 upregulation.
"Polyphosphate upregulates IP3, and this requires GrlD, GefA, PTEN, PLC, and PiaA"
Gradients of PI(4,5)P(2) and PI(3,5)P(2) Jointly Participate in Shaping the Back State of Dictyostelium Cells.
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PTEN preferentially binds liposomes containing PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3,5)P2 in vitro, consistent with a back (rear) targeting property.
"Pten preferentially bound to liposomes containing PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3,5)P2"
PTEN and the PTEN-like phosphatase CnrN have both distinct and overlapping roles in a Dictyostelium chemorepulsion pathway.
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Cells require both PTEN and CnrN to induce chemorepulsion away from the secreted chemorepellent AprA and to locally inhibit Ras activation.
"require both PTEN and CnrN to locally inhibit Ras activation"
Ubiquitination regulates PTEN nuclear import and tumor suppression.
Temporal and spatial regulation of phosphoinositide signaling mediates cytokinesis.
Focused OpenScientist assessment of Dictyostelium PTEN nuclear localization and cell-cycle regulation