Human mitochondrial tRNAs: biogenesis, function, structural aspects, and diseases.
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The 22 mtDNA-encoded tRNAs are used by the mitochondrial protein synthesis machinery to translate the 13 mtDNA-encoded mRNAs.
"These mRNAs are translated by the mitochondrial protein synthesis machinery, which uses the 22 species of mitochondrial tRNAs (mt tRNAs) encoded by mtDNA."
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mt tRNA genes are frequent sites of pathogenic point mutations.
"The genes encoding mt tRNAs are highly susceptible to point mutations, which are a primary cause of mitochondrial dysfunction and are associated with a wide range of pathologies."
Sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial genome.
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The human mitochondrial genome encodes 22 tRNAs.
"The genes for the 12S and 16S rRNAs, 22 tRNAs, cytochrome c oxidase subunits I, II and III, ATPase subunit 6, cytochrome b and eight other predicted protein coding genes have been located."
Translation ability of mitochondrial tRNAsSer with unusual secondary structures in an in vitro translation system of bovine mitochondria.
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Mammalian mt tRNA-Ser(AGY) lacks the entire D arm.
"The mammalian mt tRNASerGCU for AGY codons (Y = C or U) lacks the entire D arm, whereas tRNASerUGA for UCN codons (N = A, G, C or U) has an extended anti-codon stem."
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The D-arm-less tRNA-Ser(AGY) is nevertheless capable of translation on the ribosome.
"Both mt tRNASerGCU and tRNASerUGA analogues with unusual secondary structure were found to be capable of translation on the ribosome."