Electronic Gene Ontology annotations created by ARBA machine learning models
TreeGrafter-generated GO annotations
Combined Automated Annotation using Multiple IEA Methods
The stringent response promotes biofilm dispersal in Pseudomonas putida
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In P. putida, (p)ppGpp produced via the stringent response ((p)ppGpp synthetases RelA and SpoT) relays nutrient stress to the biofilm dispersal machinery, positively regulating bifA transcription and negatively regulating lapA and the lapBC/lapE operons, thereby lowering c-di-GMP and reducing LapA adhesin synthesis/secretion. Ectopic (p)ppGpp restored dispersal in a delta relA delta spoT mutant.
Dynamic Metabolic Response to (p)ppGpp Accumulation in Pseudomonas putida
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Serine hydroxamate induction of the stringent response in P. putida causes rapid ppGpp/pppGpp accumulation within minutes and growth arrest; (p)ppGpp downregulates de novo purine biosynthesis. delta relA and ppGpp0 strains (deleted (p)ppGpp synthesis genes) fail to show the wild-type purine-pathway decrease, linking RelA/(p)ppGpp to central carbon and purine metabolic remodeling.
Microbial Primer: what is the stringent response and how does it allow bacteria to survive stress?
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Long RSH enzymes (RelA/SpoT) synthesize (p)ppGpp by transferring pyrophosphate from ATP to the 3'-OH of GDP/GTP; RelA is activated in a ribosome-dependent manner by deacylated tRNA in the A site during amino-acid starvation, and (p)ppGpp reprograms transcription, inhibits ribosome biosynthesis, and targets metabolic enzymes.