Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees
Gene Ontology annotation based on curation of immunofluorescence data
Automatic assignment of GO terms using logical inference, based on on inter-ontology links
Electronic Gene Ontology annotations created by ARBA machine learning models
Combined Automated Annotation using Multiple IEA Methods
Defining the membrane proteome of NK cells.
The anoctamin family: TMEM16A and TMEM16B as calcium-activated chloride channels.
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The external original main body reports negative TMEM16K iodide quenching after ionomycin stimulation in transfected HEK293 cells. Its patch-clamp caption does not specify K-specific conditions, and the inspected text does not resolve K construct species; the preserved abstract-only cache and later positive assays are distinct evidence scopes.
Anoctamins are a family of Ca2+-activated Cl- channels.
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The study reports transient stimulated chloride currents across ANO4-10; mechanistic and expression-context limits are retained.
"Ano4-10 are all able to produce transient Ca(2+)-activated
Cl(-) currents"
ANOs transport cytosolic Cl- to extracellular region
Expression and function of epithelial anoctamins.
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Quenching and baseline effects differ from slower whole-cell chloride currents in the tested expression context.
"Patch clamping of ANO-expressing FRT cells
indicated that apart from ANO1 also ANO6 and 10 produced chloride currents,
albeit with very different Ca(2+) sensitivity and activation time."
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ANO10 suppresses baseline conductance in the fluorescence-assay context.
"ANO9 and ANO10 suppressed baseline Cl(-) conductance"
ANOs 3-7 in the anoctamin/Tmem16 Cl- channel family are intracellular proteins.
The structural basis of lipid scrambling and inactivation in the endoplasmic reticulum scramblase TMEM16K.
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Purified human TMEM16K directly scrambles lipids, with calcium modulation.
"Without Ca2+, the rate constant decreased ~4-fold, indicating that TMEM16K scramblase activity is Ca2+ regulated."
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Human localization supports predominant ER membrane residence.
"Together, these data are consistent with TMEM16K primarily residing in the ER membrane."
TMEM16K is an interorganelle regulator of endosomal sorting.
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Mouse-construct and knockout experiments link TMEM16K contact proximity to endosomal sorting; these do not alone establish a new molecular tether activity.
"TMEM16K forms
contact sites with endosomes, reconstituting split-GFP with the small GTPase
RAB7."
Targeting of Intracellular TMEM16 Proteins to the Plasma Membrane and Activation by Purinergic Signaling.
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The study engineers C-terminal CFP-CAAX targeting of intracellular TMEM16 proteins. Its surface assays do not establish predominant native ANO10 plasma-membrane residence.
"Cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) and the CAAX motif (KKKKSKTKCVIM) were cloned on the 3’-end of TMEM16 cDNA"
Functional Interdependence of Anoctamins May Influence Conclusions from Overexpression Studies.
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Expression background changes attributed currents; ANO5/ANO10 currents depend on ANO6 absence in this comparison, rather than demonstrating a blanket endogenous-ANO6 current artifact.
"ion currents attributed to the expression of ANO5, ANO9, or ANO10 were dependent on the presence (ANO9) or absence (ANO5 and -10) of ANO6"
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The negative ANO10 surface-scrambling result does not exclude activity in intracellular membranes.
"our results do not exclude PL scrambling by ANO4, -8, or -10 in intracellular membranous compartments."
ANO10 manual primary-source and annotation review notes