"The crystal structure of the human class I major histocompatibility complex molecule, human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-Cw4, the ligand for a natural killer (NK) cell inhibitory receptor, has been determined, complexed with a nonameric consensus peptide (QYDDAVYKL)."

"The crystal structure of the human class I MHC molecule HLA-A2 complexed with of an octameric peptide, Tax8 (LFGYPVYV), from human T cell lymphotrophic virus-1 (HTLV-1) has been determined."

"The human genome encodes five nonpolymorphic major histocompatibility complex class I-like glycoproteins, CD1a to CD1e, that present lipid antigens for specific recognition by T lymphocytes."

"Here we report the crystal structure of human CD1a in complex with a sulfatide self antigen at a resolution of 2.15 A."

"The current crystal structure illustrates for the first time the binding of a natural bacterial lipid Ag to CD1b and shows how its novel structural features fit this molecule for its role in the immune response to intracellular bacteria."

"To gain further insights into HLA-G function, we determined the 1.9-A structure of a monomeric HLA-G complexed to a natural endogenous peptide ligand from histone H2A (RIIPRHLQL)."

"Structure analysis of CD1a cocrystallized with a synthetic mycobactin lipopeptide at 2.8 A resolution further reveals that the single alkyl chain is inserted deep within the A' pocket of the groove, whereas its two peptidic branches protrude along the F' pocket to the outer, alpha-helical surface of CD1a for recognition by the TCR."

"Experiments using cells over-expressing wild-type HFE confirm the existence of beta2microglobulin(beta2m)/HFE and HFE/transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) interactions, as well as the capacity of HFE to reduce transferrin-mediated iron uptake."

"We have investigated the low abundance proteins in the aqueous phase of human colostrum, after depletion of the major proteins secretory IgA, lactoferrin, alpha-lactalbumin and HSA by immunoabsorption, using 2-D LC and gel-based proteomic methods."

"We have combined solid-state NMR, x-ray fiber diffraction, and atomic force microscopy to reveal the 3D structure of amyloid protofilament-like fibrils formed by a 22-residue K3 peptide (Ser(20)-Lys(41)) of beta(2)-microglobulin, a protein responsible for dialysis-related amyloidosis."

"The co-expression of HFE in cells expressing TfR2 led to increased affinity for diferric transferrin, increased transferrin-dependent iron uptake, and relative resistance to iron chelation."

"Using this approach, we have characterized the mechanism of the nucleation-dependent formation of beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)m) amyloid fibrils."

"TAP translocates virus-derived peptides from the cytosol into the endoplasmic reticulum, where the peptides are loaded onto MHC class I molecules."

"Here, we used LC-MS/MS to profile the proteome of human urinary exosomes. Overall, the analysis identified 1132 proteins unambiguously, including 177 that are represented on the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man database of disease-related genes, suggesting that exosome analysis is a potential approach to discover urinary biomarkers."

"Beta-2 microglobulin (beta2m) is a globular protein that self-associates into fibrillar amyloid deposits in patients undergoing hemodialysis therapy."

"Using MudPIT (multidimensional protein identification technology) mass spectrometry, we catalogued 491 proteins in the exosome fraction of human parotid saliva."

"Here, combining these 2 opposing effects on beta(2)-microglobulin (beta2-m), a protein responsible for dialysis-related amyloidosis, we present that ultrasonication pulses are useful for preparing monodispersed amyloid fibrils of minimal size with an average molecular weight of approximately 1,660,000 (140-mer)."

"The present study was initiated to define the composition of the membrane proteome of the Natural Killer (NK) like cell line YTS."

"In this study, we identify a novel mechanism that prevents this self-killing as we show that the association of the MHC class I proteins with the 2B4 receptor, both present on NK cells, results in the attenuation of the 2B4-mediated self-killing of NK cells."

"We also observed that the triple mutant was functionally deficient in beta2-microglobulin interactions and incapable of regulating transferrin binding, once again, reminiscent of the HFE-C282Y variant."

"Here, we report the co-crystal structures of ThT with two alternative states of β-2 microglobulin (β2m); one monomeric, the other an amyloid-like oligomer."

"Here we show that β₂m can oligomerize and fibrillize via three-dimensional domain swapping. Isolating a covalently bound, domain-swapped dimer from β₂m oligomers on the pathway to fibrils, we were able to determine its crystal structure."

"The crystal structure of ΔN6β2m in complex with one of these nanobodies (Nb24) identifies domain swapping as a plausible mechanism of self-association of this amyloidogenic protein."

"Furthermore, the ERp57 binding site and the glycan of tapasin enhance β(2)m and MHC class I heavy (H) chain recruitment to the PLC, with the ERp57 binding site having the dominant effect."

"To determine how focal adhesion composition is affected by myosin II activity, we performed proteomic analysis of isolated focal adhesions and compared protein abundance in focal adhesions from cells with and without myosin II inhibition."

"Human beta-2 microglobulin (β2m) displays a typical immunoglobulin fold and is known to be amyloidogenic in vivo."

"The X-ray structures of DIMC20 and DIMC50 show that the two engineered dimers form a tetrameric assembly; for both tetrameric species, the noncovalent association interface is based on the interaction of facing β2m D-strands and is conserved."

"We also found, however, that despite its fibrillation propensity, the apical domain exhibits a pronounced inhibitory effect on the fibril growth of β(2)-microglobulin."

"Herein, we report on an analysis of proteins in the tear fluid from breast carcinoma patients and healthy women using a de novo proteomic approach and 25 mixed samples from each group."

"Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are an abundant population of innate-like T cells in humans that are activated by an antigen(s) bound to the MHC class I-like molecule MR1."

"Interestingly, the antibacterial action of β(2)M was associated with dissipation of the transmembrane potential, but the protein did not cause damage to the membrane that would result in SYTOX green uptake."

"In addition, stimulation of WISH amniotic epithelial cells with the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced dose-dependent upregulation of β(2)M mRNA expression."

"In this report, we have identified novel interaction between HLA I and PCNA on the surface of human tumor cells by confocal microscopy and immunoprecipitation."

"Using expressed prostatic secretions in urine (EPS-urine), exosome preparations were characterized by a shotgun proteomics procedure. In pooled EPS-urine exosome samples, ~900 proteins were detected."

"MHC class I (MHC I) antigen presentation is a ubiquitous process by which cells present endogenous proteins to CD8(+) T lymphocytes during immune surveillance and response."

"We found that ESAT-6/ESAT-6:CFP-10 can enter into the endoplasmic reticulum where it sequesters β2M to inhibit cell surface expression of MHC-I-β2M complexes, resulting in downregulation of class I-mediated antigen presentation."

"To fully characterize the set of proteins that interact with PCNA we developed a bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) screen for PCNA-interactors in human cells."

"Here we identify β2-microglobulin (B2M), a component of major histocompatibility complex class 1 (MHC I) molecules, as a circulating factor that negatively regulates cognitive and regenerative function in the adult hippocampus in an age-dependent manner."

"Breaking bad blood: β2-microglobulin as a pro-aging factor in blood."

"VitB antigens reach this location and form a Schiff base with MR1, triggering a 'molecular switch' that allows MR1-VitB antigen complexes to traffic to the plasma membrane."

"β2-Microglobulin (β2M), the light chain of the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I), has been identified as a proaging factor and is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders by driving cognitive and regenerative impairments."

"Exposure to recombinant human β2M and cigarette smoke extract (CSE) in vitro enhanced cellular senescence and inhibited proliferation of A549 cells, which was partially reversed by the presence of anti-β2M antibody."

"Using ion mobility mass spectrometry, we show that both inhibitors promote the compaction of the initially formed β2m dimer, which causes the formation of other off-pathway and amyloid-incompetent oligomers that are isomeric with amyloid-competent oligomers in some cases."

"Here we present BioPlex 2.0 (Biophysical Interactions of ORFeome-derived complexes), which uses robust affinity purification-mass spectrometry methodology to elucidate protein interaction networks and co-complexes nucleated by more than 25% of protein-coding genes from the human genome, and constitutes, to our knowledge, the largest such network so far."

"The complex structure of peptide-loaded β2m-HLA-F bound to the inhibitory LIR1 revealed similarities to high-affinity recognition of the viral MHC-I mimic UL18 and a docking strategy that relies on contacts with HLA-F as well as β2m, thus precluding binding to HLA-F OCs."

"Here, we report on an interactome map that focuses on neurodegenerative disease (ND), connects ∼5,000 human proteins via ∼30,000 candidate interactions and is generated by systematic yeast two-hybrid interaction screening of ∼500 ND-related proteins and integration of literature interactions."

"Through affinity-purification mass spectrometry, we have created two proteome-scale, cell-line-specific interaction networks."

"MHC-E regulates NK cells by displaying MHC class Ia signal peptides (VL9) to NKG2A:CD94 receptors. MHC-E can also present sequence-diverse, lower-affinity, pathogen-derived peptides to T cell receptors (TCRs) on CD8+ T cells."

"Here, we determine the multi-chaperone-client interaction network of the peptide loading complex (PLC) and report the PLC editing module structure by cryogenic electron microscopy at 3.7 Å resolution."

"MHC I complexes are composed of a heavy chain (hc) and the light chain β2-microglobulin (β2m)."

"We isolated and analyzed beta 2-microglobulin (BM) in urine of two renal failure patients and in ultrafiltrate from long-term dialysis patients."

"Further studies on the interaction of HLA-E with molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum revealed that HLA-E associates with the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) and calreticulin, and that HLA-E expression is TAP-dependent and tapasin-dependent."

"Addition of soluble wild-type HFE/beta2m heterodimers to cultured cells also decreased the apparent affinity of the TfR for its ligand under steady-state conditions, both in 293 cells and in HeLa cells."

"HFE binds to transferrin receptor (TfR) and reduces its affinity for iron-loaded transferrin, implicating HFE in iron metabolism."

"To examine the mechanism of xeno-reactivity of AHIII12.2, we have determined the crystal structures of A2/p1049 and Db/p1027 to 2.5 A and 2.8 A resolution, respectively."

"Western blots showed that, as was the case in human placenta, the HFE protein in crypt enterocytes is physically associated with the TfR and with beta2-microglobulin."

"IFN-gamma stimulates gene expression of about 200 genes which include the primary response genes like IRFs, Fc-gamma receptor (FCGR), GBPs (guanylate-binding proteins) and also major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II molecules, proteins involved in antigen presentation, antiviral proteins like PKR, OAS proteins etc."

"Peptides generated by Cathepsin S or IRAP-mediated proteolysis in the endosomes are loaded onto MHC class I molecules, which are internalized and transported to early and late endosomal compartments where antigenic peptides can be loaded."

"While it is established that cathepsin S is involved in antigen processing in endocytotic vesicles, it is less certain whether other proteases present in endocytic vesicles are also involved in generating the peptide fragments."

"Peptide-loaded MHC class I complexes are transported by an undefined mechanism back to the cell surface for cross-presentation to T cells."

"Exogenous antigen loaded class I MHC molecules in phagosomes may be delivered to the surface by membrane recycling machinery."

"Nef disrupts the transport of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules by first binding to the the cytoplasmic side of the transmembrane complex."

"Once the complex of Nef, major histocompatibility complex class I molecules, PACS-1 and AP-1 arrives at the endosome, the MHC I complex is targeted for degradation."

"The complex formed by Nef and the major histocompatibility complex class I molecules creates binding sites for PACS-1 and the AP-1 complex."

"The complex of Nef, major histocompatibility complex class I molecules, PACS-1 and AP-1 is transported from the trans-Golgi network to an endosome, where the MHC I complex will be degraded."

"T cells distinguish foreign material from self through presentation of fragments of the antigen by the MHC cell surface receptors."

"A hallmark of human NK cells is the expression of HLA class I-specific killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR)."

"Leukocyte immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptors [LILRs, also known as Ig-like transcripts (ILTs)] are a family of inhibitory and stimulatory receptors encoded within the leukocyte receptor complex and are expressed by immune cell types of both myeloid and lymphoid lineage."

"After interaction with its ligand HLA-E, which is expressed on normal cells, the C-type lectin inhibitory receptor CD94/NKG2A suppresses activation signaling processes."

"CD160 is a GPI-anchored lymphocyte surface receptor in which expression is mostly restricted to the highly cytotoxic NK cells."

"A hallmark of human NK cells is the expression of HLA class I-specific killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR)."

"A hallmark of human NK cells is the expression of HLA class I-specific killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR)."

"A hallmark of human NK cells is the expression of HLA class I-specific killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR)."

"A hallmark of human NK cells is the expression of HLA class I-specific killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR)."

"A hallmark of human NK cells is the expression of HLA class I-specific killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR)."

"A hallmark of human NK cells is the expression of HLA class I-specific killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR)."

"Phosphorylated ITAM on DAP12 serves as the docking site for the two SH2 domains of SYK or ZAP70. Binding leads to SYK activation (Lanier et al. 1998, McVicar et al. 1998)."

"Killer cell immunoglobulin-like two-domain short-tail receptor 2 (KIR2DS2) is an activating KIR receptor invariably expressed on the cell surface of NK cells and subsets of T cells."

"NKG2C, a C-type lectin-like surface receptor, is a member of the NKG2 family and forms heterodimers with CD94 that is expressed on NK cells and a subset of T cells."

"Killer cell immunoglobulin-like two-domain short-tail receptor 4 (KIR2DS4) is the most prevalent lineage III-activating KIR receptor."

"Killer cell immunoglobulin-like two-domain short-tail receptor 1 (KIR2DS1) is one of the activating KIR receptors expressed on the surface of NK cells."

"The binding of SYK to DAP12 induces conformational changes that result in SYK activation."

"LAT is palmitoylated and membrane-associated adaptor protein."

"SLP-76 lacks intrinsic catalytic activity and acts as a scaffold, recruiting other proteins for correct localization during molecular signal transduction (Bogin et al."

"Activated PI3K phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol (PI) 4-phosphate and PI 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) to generate PI 3,4-bisphosphate and PI 3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) and these second messengers recruit other signaling proteins containing plecstrin homology (PH) domain."

"Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are one of the downstream effectors of activated SYK."

"In myeloid cells BTK is phosphorylated on Y551 upon DAP12 activation in a SYK kinase-dependent manner."

"VAV exists in an auto-inhibitory state, folded in such a way as to inhibit the GEF activity of its DH domain."

"Three tyrosine residues at positions 771, 783 and 1254 in PLCgamma1 have been identified as the sites of receptor tyrosine kinase phosphorylation."

"Tertiary (gelatinase) granules are part of a continuum of peroxidase-negative granules formed in myelocytes, metamyelocytes, band cells and segmented neutrophils."

"Secondary (specific) granules are peroxidase-negative and rich in antimicrobial substances (Joiner et al."

"T lymphocytes have developed the capacity to recognize as antigens a large variety of molecules including peptides, lipids, and vitamin metabolites (Moody DB et al."

"The hallmark of T cell activation is the direct binding of T-cell receptor (TCR) to an antigen that is presented by an antigen-presenting molecule."

"Recycling endosome-localized R-SNARE protein like RAB11a, VAMP3, and VAMP8 dock with target phagosome membrane Q-SNARE protein SNAP23."

"MHC class I heterodimers are only stable in peptide bound form and only as a trimer (with bound peptide) present on the cell surface."

"Mtb 6 kDa early secretory antigenic target (EsxA) binds to freely available human beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen, inhibiting the loading of antigen-derived peptides to B2M, a component of the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I complex) (Sreejit et al."

"During viral infection, T cells recognize the viral antigens presented by class I MHC."

"SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 (8), which has no orthologous protein in SARS-CoV-1 (Li T et al."

"In addition to the main fibril peptide, mature amyloid fibrils have additional components."

"Amyloid fibril formation is associated with a wide range of diseases (Chiti & Dobson 2006), though the accumulation and deposition of fibrillar material does not correlate well with disease pathogenesis and it is now widely believed that oligomeric amyloid forms are largely responsible for the cytotoxic effects of amyloid (Glabe 2009)."

"When the loaded peptide is of a sufficiently high-affinity the trimeric complex is transported to a special ER exit site by a putative cargo receptor, B cell receptor-associated protein (BAP31), where it translocates to the cell surface, possibly by transport in COPII-coated vesicles."

"Upon interaction of Beta-2-microglobin (B2M) with MHC class I Heavy Chain (HC), calnexin is fully replaced by its soluble ortholog calreticulin (CRT) and this complex is incorporated into the peptide loading complex (PLC)."

"Interaction of calnexin (CNX) with MHC class I HC stabilizes it and facilitates the association of the beta2 microglobulin component (B2M)."

"Upon peptide binding the class I MHC molecule releases from the peptide loading complex (PLC) and clusters at ER exit sites and is finally exported to the cell surface.<br>MHC I molecules bound to low-affinity peptides are not transferred to the cell surface and are instead cycled back to ER."

"Cargo must pass through the various compartments of the Golgi complex to reach the plasma membrane."

"Before the cargo vesicle can fuse with target membrane, the COPII protein coat must be disassembled and its components released into cytosol."

"Once the entire COPII coat has been assembled, the bud is separated from the ER membrane in the form of a COPII coated vesicle."

"Sec13-Sec31 binds the prebudding complex and this Sec13-Sec31 heterotetramer forms the outer structural scaffold of the coat. Sec13-Sec31 is likely to crosslink the prebudding complexes generating COPII-coated vesicles."

"The cytoplasmic tails of MHC class I molecules do not possess any of the known ER export sequences."

"After passing through the Golgi complex, secretory cargo is packaged into post-Golgi transport intermediates (post-Golgi), which translocate plus-end directed along microtubules to the plasma membrane."

"Component of the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Involved in the presentation of peptide antigens to the immune system."

"Forms a heterotrimer with HLA-E and a self- or a foreign peptide (PubMed:9427624). Forms a heterotrimer with HLA-G and a self-peptide (PubMed:17056715). Forms a heterotrimer with HLA-F and a self-peptide (PubMed:10605026). Forms a heterotrimer with MR1 and a metabolite antigen."

"Secreted. Cell surface. Note=Detected in serum and urine (PubMed:1336137, PubMed:7554280)."