Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees
Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Subcellular Location vocabulary mapping, accompanied by conservative changes to GO terms applied by UniProt
A common set of engulfment genes mediates removal of both apoptotic and necrotic cell corpses in C. elegans.
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ced-12 was identified as an engulfment gene needed to clear necrotic as well as apoptotic corpses.
"as well as ced-12, a new engulfment gene we have identified, are required for efficient elimination of corpses generated by distinct necrosis-inducing stimuli"
CED-12/ELMO, a novel member of the CrkII/Dock180/Rac pathway, is required for phagocytosis and cell migration.
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CED-12 is needed for engulfment of dying cells and for cell migrations.
"In C. elegans, CED-12 is required for engulfment of dying cells and for cell migrations"
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CED-12/ELMO binds CED-5/DOCK180 directly and the complex stimulates Rac exchange.
"CED-12/ELMO-1 binds directly to CED-5/Dock180; this evolutionarily conserved complex stimulates a Rac-GEF"
The C. elegans PH domain protein CED-12 regulates cytoskeletal reorganization via a Rho/Rac GTPase signaling pathway.
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CED-12 has a PH domain and an SH3-binding motif, both needed for function, and acts in engulfing cells.
"ced-12 encodes a protein with a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain and an SH3 binding motif, both of which are important for ced-12 function"
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CED-12 acts in the engulfing cell and binds CED-5.
"CED-12 acts in engulfing cells for cell corpse engulfment and interacts physically with CED-5"
C. elegans CED-12 acts in the conserved crkII/DOCK180/Rac pathway to control cell migration and cell corpse engulfment.
Cell corpse engulfment mediated by C. elegans phosphatidylserine receptor through CED-5 and CED-12.
An NDPase links ADAM protease glycosylation with organ morphogenesis in C. elegans.
PH domain of ELMO functions in trans to regulate Rac activation via Dock180.
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The ELMO PH domain binds the Dock180-Rac complex in trans and stabilizes nucleotide-free Rac; CED-12 rescue experiments support this in vivo.
"the PH domain of ELMO, by binding the Dock180-Rac complex in trans, stabilizes Rac in the nucleotide-free transition state"
Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells is regulated by a UNC-73/TRIO-MIG-2/RhoG signaling module and armadillo repeats of CED-12/ELMO.
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CED-12 ARM repeats bind active MIG-2/RhoG, linking TRIO-RhoG signalling to Rac activation.
"we identify a novel set of evolutionarily conserved Armadillo (ARM) repeats within CED-12/ELMO that mediate an interaction with activated MIG-2/RhoG"
Two pathways converge at CED-10 to mediate actin rearrangement and corpse removal in C. elegans.
The Wnt pathway controls cell death engulfment, spindle orientation, and migration through CED-10/Rac.
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MOM-5/Frizzled acts through the CED-2/5/12 complex for engulfment and distal tip cell migration.
"The epistatic and bypass experiments indeed indicate that MOM-5/Fz activates CED-10/Rac through the GEF complex CED-2, CED-5, CED-12"
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Spindle orientation probably does not signal through CED-2/5/12.
"suggesting that the link to CED-10 may not occur through CED-2/5/12 as is the case for engulfment and DTC migration"
The phosphoinositide phosphatase MTM-1 regulates apoptotic cell corpse clearance through CED-5-CED-12 in C. elegans.
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MTM-1 acts upstream of the CED-2/CED-5/CED-12 GEF complex, and the CED-12 PH domain binds PtdIns(3,5)P2.
"we show that the CED-12 PH domain can bind to PtdIns(3,5)P(2)"
Caspase-mediated activation of Caenorhabditis elegans CED-8 promotes apoptosis and phosphatidylserine externalization.
Phagocytosis promotes programmed cell death in C. elegans.
Engulfment genes cooperate with ced-3 to promote cell death in Caenorhabditis elegans.