Deep research synthesis of ATG5 function and literature
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ATG5 is a core human autophagy protein that forms the ATG12-ATG5-ATG16L1 E3-like complex for LC3 lipidation
"ATG5 is a core human autophagy protein in the ATG5 family, bearing ubiquitin-like folds that enable conjugation with ATG12 and assembly of the ATG12-ATG5-ATG16L1 complex, which functions as an E3-like ligase for LC3/ATG8 lipidation during autophagosome biogenesis"
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The complex localizes to the convex surface of the phagophore and dissociates upon autophagosome completion
"The ATG12-ATG5-ATG16L1 complex preferentially associates with the convex surface of the growing isolation membrane (phagophore) and detaches/recycles once autophagosome closure is achieved"
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Calpain-mediated cleavage of ATG5 produces a pro-apoptotic fragment that translocates to mitochondria
"Calpain-mediated cleavage of ATG5 yields a pro-apoptotic fragment that migrates to mitochondria and promotes apoptosis, highlighting crosstalk between autophagy machinery and cell death programs"
Manual transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to orthologs by curator judgment of sequence similarity
Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees
Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot keyword mapping
Automatic transfer of experimentally verified manual GO annotation data to orthologs using Ensembl Compara
Automatic assignment of GO terms using logical inference, based on on inter-ontology links
Electronic Gene Ontology annotations created by ARBA machine learning models
Combined Automated Annotation using Multiple IEA Methods
A new protein conjugation system in human. The counterpart of the yeast Apg12p conjugation system essential for autophagy.
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Demonstrated that human ATG12 is covalently attached to ATG5 via an isopeptide bond at Lys-130
"Mutagenic analyses suggested that this conjugation was formed via an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal glycine of hApg12 and Lys-130 of hApg5."
The human homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Apg7p is a Protein-activating enzyme for multiple substrates including human Apg12p, GATE-16, GABARAP, and MAP-LC3.
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Showed hApg7p is an E1-like enzyme essential for the hApg12p conjugation system
"Overexpression of hApg7p enhances the formation of the hApg5p.hApg12p conjugate, indicating that hApg7p is an E1-like enzyme essential for the hApg12p conjugation system."
Alfy, a novel FYVE-domain-containing protein associated with protein granules and autophagic membranes.
Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry.
The Atg5 Atg12 conjugate associates with innate antiviral immune responses.
Hypoxia-induced autophagy is mediated through hypoxia-inducible factor induction of BNIP3 and BNIP3L via their BH3 domains.
The autophagy machinery is required to initiate hepatitis C virus replication.
The selective macroautophagic degradation of aggregated proteins requires the PI3P-binding protein Alfy.
Network organization of the human autophagy system.
A Tecpr1-dependent selective autophagy pathway targets bacterial pathogens.
A mammalian autophagosome maturation mechanism mediated by TECPR1 and the Atg12-Atg5 conjugate.
Lipofuscin is formed independently of macroautophagy and lysosomal activity in stress-induced prematurely senescent human fibroblasts.
Regulation of ATG4B stability by RNF5 limits basal levels of autophagy and influences susceptibility to bacterial infection.
Structure of the human ATG12~ATG5 conjugate required for LC3 lipidation in autophagy.
Interaction between FIP200 and ATG16L1 distinguishes ULK1 complex-dependent and -independent autophagy.
FIP200 regulates targeting of Atg16L1 to the isolation membrane.
Structural basis of ATG3 recognition by the autophagic ubiquitin-like protein ATG12.
Insights into autophagosome maturation revealed by the structures of ATG5 with its interacting partners.
Mutation in ATG5 reduces autophagy and leads to ataxia with developmental delay.
Hepatitis C virus triggers Golgi fragmentation and autophagy through the immunity-related GTPase M.
Extensive disruption of protein interactions by genetic variants across the allele frequency spectrum in human populations.
A reference map of the human binary protein interactome.
Interactome Mapping Provides a Network of Neurodegenerative Disease Proteins and Uncovers Widespread Protein Aggregation in Affected Brains.
RAB33B recruits the ATG16L1 complex to the phagophore via a noncanonical RAB binding protein.
Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome.
OpenCell: Endogenous tagging for the cartography of human cellular organization.
Multimodal cell maps as a foundation for structural and functional genomics.
LC3 binds the autophagosome membrane Atg5-Atg12 complex
ATG16L1 complex transfers LC3 from ATG3 to PE
WIPI2 binds ATG12:ATG5:ATG16L
ATG10 dissociates from ATG12:ATG5
ATG10 transfers ATG12 from ATG10 to ATG5
LC3 binds the autophagosome membrane Atg5-Atg12 complex