Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms
Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees
Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Subcellular Location vocabulary mapping, accompanied by conservative changes to GO terms applied by UniProt
An orthodenticle-related protein from Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
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Discovery of the SpOtx cDNA (the Q26417 sequence); SpOtx binds TAATCC/T sites of spec2a in bandshifts.
"The S. purpuratus aboral ectoderm-specific Spec2a gene has several TAATCC/T sites in its control region, and we provide evidence, using bandshift analysis, that Spec2a may be target gene for SpOtx."
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Transcripts are initially ubiquitous then restricted to oral ectoderm and endoderm; protein is nuclear in all cells at blastula and pluteus.
"SpOtx transcripts were found initially in all cells of the cleaving embryo, but they gradually became restricted to oral ectoderm and endoderm cells. In contrast, SpOtx protein was found in nuclei of all cells at both blastula and pluteus stages."
Two Otx proteins generated from multiple transcripts of a single gene in Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
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otx encodes alpha and beta forms by alternative splicing/promoter use, sharing homeodomain and C-terminus.
"SpOtx(alpha) and SpOtx(beta) had identical C-termini and homeoboxes but were entirely different in their N-terminal domains."
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The alpha form is ubiquitous during cleavage; the beta forms appear at mesenchyme blastula and become restricted to oral ectoderm and vegetal plate.
"three distinct SpOtx(beta) mRNAs resulted from two separate transcriptional initiation events, and these transcripts began to accumulate at mesenchyme blastula stage primarily in ectoderm and then later were largely restricted to oral ectoderm and vegetal plate territories."
Altering cell fates in sea urchin embryos by overexpressing SpOtx, an orthodenticle-related protein.
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SpOtx is cytoplasmic in early cleavage and enters nuclei at the 60-120-cell stage.
"SpOtx was found in the cytoplasm of early cleavage stage embryos and was translocated into nuclei between the 60- and 120-cell stage, coincident with Spec gene activation."
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N- and C-terminal transactivation domains; overexpression converts the embryo to aboral ectoderm.
"Eggs injected with SpOtx mRNA developed into epithelial balls of aboral ectoderm suggesting that SpOtx redirected nonaboral ectoderm cells to an aboral ectoderm fate."
Requirement of SpOtx in cell fate decisions in the sea urchin embryo and possible role as a mediator of beta-catenin signaling.
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Dominant-negative Engrailed-SpOtx blocks endoderm and aboral ectoderm formation.
"The Engrailed-SpOtx fusion protein reduced the expression of endoderm- and aboral ectoderm-specific genes and inhibited the formation of endoderm and aboral ectoderm cell types."
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SpOtx acts downstream of or parallel to nuclear beta-catenin and rescues aboral ectoderm but not endoderm in C-cadherin embryos.
"Coexpressing SpOtx with C-cadherin restored aboral ectoderm-specific gene expression and aboral ectoderm morphology, but with C-cadherin present, SpOtx was not sufficient for endoderm formation."
Transient appearance of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Otx in micromere nuclei: cytoplasmic retention of SpOtx possibly mediated through an alpha-actinin interaction.
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SpOtx is nuclear in 16-cell-stage micromeres only, and later in all cells; cytoplasmic retention is linked to alpha-actinin binding.
"SpOtx appears transiently in nuclei of micromeres but not in nuclei of mesomeres and macromeres. At later stages of development, SpOtx was translocated into nuclei of all cells."
Multiple Otx binding sites required for expression of the Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Spec2a gene.
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Three Otx sites in the spec2a RSR enhancer mediate positive control and bind SpOtx.
"Using site-directed mutagenesis, we showed that three Otx consensus binding sites were responsible for the activity of the enhancer, acting in a non-cooperative manner to yield full activity."
Correct Expression of spec2a in the sea urchin embryo requires both Otx and other cis-regulatory elements.
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SpOtx is required for endo16 activation in the vegetal plate and spec2a activation in aboral ectoderm; Otx sites alone activate reporters in all cells.
"We show here that consensus Otx binding sites fused to basal promoters are sufficient to activate CAT reporter gene expression in all cell types, although expression in endomesoderm progenitors is enhanced."
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus transcription factor GATA-E binds to and represses transcription at an Otx-Goosecoid cis-regulatory element within the aboral ectoderm-specific spec2a enhancer.
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The spec2a Otx/Gsc elements bind SpOtx (activator), SpGsc and SpGATA-E (repressors), explaining spatial restriction of spec2a.
"proximal (TAATCT) and distal (TAATCC) elements that bind to both SpOtx, a broadly distributed transcriptional activator, and SpGoosecoid (SpGsc), an oral ectoderm-restricted transcriptional repressor."
An otx cis-regulatory module: a key node in the sea urchin endomesoderm gene regulatory network.
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The otx beta1/2 cis-regulatory module is an AND gate requiring Gatae, Otx and Krox inputs; a Gata site pair synergises with an adjacent Otx site for endoderm expression.
"It requires gatae, otx, and krox inputs, as predicted, and it operates as an "AND" logic processor in that removal of any one of these inputs essentially destroys activity."
Exclusive developmental functions of gatae cis-regulatory modules in the Strongylocentrorus purpuratus embryo.
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gatae and beta1/2-otx cross-regulate in a positive feedback loop locking down endoderm specification.
"These two genes cross-regulate, generating a positive feedback loop which serves to lock down the state of endoderm specification"
The endoderm gene regulatory network in sea urchin embryos up to mid-blastula stage.
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Otx is a key early endoderm regulator that directly regulates blimp1b and provides inputs into foxA and brachyury; morpholino perturbation is confounded by the splice isoforms.
"The perturbation of Otx expression by morpholinos is complicated by the fact that otx is expressed in various splice isoforms (Li et al."
Global regulatory logic for specification of an embryonic cell lineage.
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Precocious nuclearization of maternal Otx in micromeres is one of three micromere-specific inputs; Otx plus beta-catenin/Tcf activate pmar1.
"A third micromere-specific anisotropy is the precocious nuclearization in fourth-cleavage micromeres of another maternal transcription factor, Otx (ref. 29 and Fig. S4 )."
A regulatory gene network that directs micromere specification in the sea urchin embryo.
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pmar1 is activated in micromeres in response to Otx and beta-catenin/Tcf.
"It is initially activated as soon as the micromeres are formed, in response to Otx and beta-Catenin/Tcf inputs."
A perturbation model of the gene regulatory network for oral and aboral ectoderm specification in the sea urchin embryo.
Gene regulatory network subcircuit controlling a dynamic spatial pattern of signaling in the sea urchin embryo.
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blimp1 requires Wnt8/Tcf and Otx inputs, part of the otx/wnt8/blimp1 torus subcircuit.
"the blimp1 gene requires inputs from the same Wnt8/Tcf signaling system as well as from another then ubiquitous factor, Otx"
A gene regulatory network subcircuit drives a dynamic pattern of gene expression.
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The otx, wnt8 and blimp1 genes form the subcircuit driving the expanding torus of endomesodermal expression.
"We show how this dynamic patterning function is encoded in a gene regulatory network (GRN) subcircuit that includes the otx, wnt8, and blimp1 genes, the cis-regulatory control systems of which have all been experimentally defined."
Repression of mesodermal fate by foxa, a key endoderm regulator of the sea urchin embryo.
A gene regulatory network controlling the embryonic specification of endoderm.
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The positive feedback circuit between blimp1b, otx and gatae is retained in the pregastrular endoderm GRN.
"The models proposed here include previously identified linkages such as the positive feedback circuit between blimp1b, otx and gatae."