Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms
Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees
Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Subcellular Location vocabulary mapping, accompanied by conservative changes to GO terms applied by UniProt
Combined Automated Annotation using Multiple IEA Methods
Guanylate cyclase in Dictyostelium discoideum with the topology of mammalian adenylate cyclase.
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DdGCA encodes a protein with 12 transmembrane spanning regions and two cyclase domains, unlike single-pass metazoan receptor guanylyl cyclases.
"We have cloned a Dictyostelium gene, DdGCA, encoding a protein with 12 transmembrane spanning regions and two cyclase domains"
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Expressed DdGCA has high guanylate cyclase activity and no detectable adenylate cyclase activity.
"DdGCA expressed in Dictyostelium exhibits high guanylate cyclase activity and no detectable adenylate cyclase activity"
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DdGCA deletion is not essential for chemotaxis, and a second guanylyl cyclase remains active in the knockout.
"The knock-out strain still exhibits substantial guanylate cyclase activity, demonstrating that Dictyostelium contains at least one other guanylate cyclase"
GTPgammaS regulation of a 12-transmembrane guanylyl cyclase is retained after mutation to an adenylyl cyclase.
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DdGCA is a 12-transmembrane guanylyl cyclase with adenylyl-cyclase topology, activated by GTPgammaS possibly via a monomeric G protein.
"GTPgammaS activation is not mediated by a heterotrimeric G-protein but possibly by a monomeric G-protein"
Characterization of two unusual guanylyl cyclases from dictyostelium.
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GCA and sGC are the two Dictyostelium guanylyl cyclases; the double null loses all detectable GC activity.
"all detectable GC activity is lost in a cell line in which both genes have been inactivated"
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GCA is exclusively membrane-bound and active mainly with Mg2+, and is expressed mainly during growth and multicellular development.
"GCA is expressed mainly during growth and multicellular development, whereas sGC is expressed mainly during cell aggregation"
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Both enzymes are activated in vivo by extracellular cAMP via a G-protein-coupled receptor and inhibited by calcium.
"Ca(2+) inhibits both GCA and sGC with K(i) of about 50 and 200 nm, respectively"
Chemotaxis: signalling modules join hands at front and tail.
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A cGMP-signalling cascade regulates myosin filament formation in the posterior of the cell and inhibits lateral pseudopod formation.
"a cyclic-GMP-signalling cascade has been identified that regulates myosin filament formation in the posterior of the cell, thereby inhibiting the formation of lateral pseudopodia that could misdirect the cell"
Chemoattractant signaling in dictyostelium discoideum.
Guanylyl cyclase protein and cGMP product independently control front and back of chemotaxing Dictyostelium cells.
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cGMP mediates cortical myosin II filament formation and suppresses pseudopod formation in the back of the cell during chemotaxis.
"cGMP suppresses pseudopod formation in the back of the cell, whereas the sGC protein refines pseudopod formation at the leading edge"
The role of cGMP and the rear of the cell in Dictyostelium chemotaxis and cell streaming.
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A quiescent, cGMP-controlled rear increases directional movement efficiency and maintains cell-cell contacts during streaming.
"a quiescent rear of the cell increases the efficiency of directional movement and is essential to maintain stable cell-cell contacts"
Switching direction in electric-signal-induced cell migration by cyclic guanosine monophosphate and phosphatidylinositol signaling.
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Genetically modulating both guanylyl cyclases (and GbpC/PI3K) reverses the preferred direction of electrotaxis.
"the preferential direction of migration during electrotaxis in Dictyostelium cells can be reversed by genetically modulating both guanylyl cyclases (GCases)"
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GCase-dependent signaling components localize to the leading edge of migrating cells in an actin-dependent manner.
"Molecular components of the GCase- and PI3K-dependent signaling pathways localized at the leading edge of migrating cells during electrotaxis in an actin-dependent manner"
Dictyostelium chemotaxis: essential Ras activation and accessory signalling pathways for amplification.
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sGC/cGMP signaling is an accessory pathway that is not required for basal Ras-driven chemotaxis but improves orientation and sensitivity in shallow gradients.
"The signalling enzymes PI3K, TorC2, PLA2 and sGC are not required for Ras activation and chemotaxis to folate or to steep gradients of cAMP, but they provide a memory of direction and improved orientation of the cell"
Intracellular Calcium Responses to External Calcium Stimuli in Dictyostelium.
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gca/sgc double-null cells still respond to external calcium (only slightly delayed), indicating GCA/cGMP is not required for calcium-mediated signaling.
"gca/sgc-null cells showed a slightly delayed response"