Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms
Electronic Gene Ontology annotations created by transferring manual GO annotations between related proteins based on shared sequence features
Combined Automated Annotation using Multiple IEA Methods
Sea urchin Forkhead gene family: phylogeny and embryonic expression.
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Genome-wide survey of the 22 S. purpuratus fox genes, including the cloning of FoxN2/3 (EMBL DQ286744); almost all fox genes are expressed in specific spatiotemporal patterns during embryogenesis.
"All but one of the S. purpuratus fox genes (SpfoxQ1) are expressed during embryogenesis, most in a very specific temporal and spatial manner."
The control of foxN2/3 expression in sea urchin embryos and its function in the skeletogenic gene regulatory network.
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foxN2/3 is expressed transiently in the micromere (PMC precursor) lineage from hatched blastula to mesenchyme blastula, then in non-skeletogenic mesoderm and later endoderm.
"Expression of foxN2/3 mRNA begins in micromeres at the hatched blastula stage and then is lost from micromeres at the mesenchyme blastula stage. foxN2/3 expression then shifts to the non-skeletogenic mesoderm and, later, to the endoderm."
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In micromeres foxN2/3 is activated downstream of Pmar1 by Ets1 and Tbr, not Alx1.
"Here, we show that Pmar1, Ets1 and Tbr are necessary for activation of foxN2/3 in micromeres."
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FoxN2/3 is required for early expression of skeletal matrix genes and of VEGFR, for PMC ingression, and for PMC incorporation into the skeletogenic syncytium; target expression recovers later.
"Thus, FoxN2/3 is necessary for normal ingression, for expression of several skeletal matrix genes, for preventing transfating and for fusion of the PMC syncytium."
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The study was performed in Lytechinus variegatus; the expression pattern matched that published for S. purpuratus.
"In this study, foxN2/3 was cloned from Lytechinus variegatus and its regulation and function were investigated."
Sub-circuits of a gene regulatory network control a developmental epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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foxn2/3 is one of 13 PMC transcription factors each required for the PMC epithelial-mesenchymal transition; its knockdown gave the most pronounced failure of apical constriction and cell-shape change.
"Three TFs highest in the GRN specified and activated EMT (alx1, ets1, tbr) and the 10 TFs downstream of those (tel, erg, hex, tgif, snail, twist, foxn2/3, dri, foxb, foxo) were also required for EMT."
From genome to anatomy: The architecture and evolution of the skeletogenic gene regulatory network of sea urchins and other echinoderms.
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foxN2/3 is listed among the regulatory genes expressed selectively in the S. purpuratus large micromere-PMC lineage and is downstream of beta-catenin and pmar1.
"overexpression of pmar1 or a form of cadherin that interferes with β-catenin function have shown that erg, foxN2/3, hex, tel, and tgif are all downstream of β-catenin and pmar1 (Oliveri et al., 2008; see also Rho and McClay, 2011, with respect to foxN2/3)"
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foxN2/3 orthologues are expressed in the prospective mesoderm of sea stars and sea cucumbers, suggesting membership of an ancestral echinoderm mesoderm specification network.
"This mechanism can therefore be viewed as part of a basal mesoderm specification network which likely includes the regulatory genes ets1, hex, erg, tgif, and foxN2/3, as well as the signaling gene delta."
High accuracy, high-resolution prevalence measurement for the majority of locally expressed regulatory genes in early sea urchin development.
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foxn2/3 transcript prevalence was measured by nCounter and QPCR through early S. purpuratus development as one of the locally expressed regulatory genes.
"the nCounter prevalence data are usually higher than those obtained with QPCR and they remain higher by a constant factor throughout their expression (Fig. 2: alx1, dach, e2a, erg, foxn2/3, myc, otxb1/2, soxc)"
Diversification of oral and aboral mesodermal regulatory states in pregastrular sea urchin embryos.
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In S. purpuratus foxN2/3 is initially expressed in the skeletogenic lineage and then turns on in the non-skeletogenic mesoderm before gastrulation.
"though initially expressed in the skeletogenic lineage the zinc finger gene z48 as well as the transcription factor foxN2/3, not further considered here, turn on in NSM prior to gastrulation"