Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms
Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees
Gene Ontology annotation based on curation of immunofluorescence data
Automatic transfer of experimentally verified manual GO annotation data to orthologs using Ensembl Compara
Gene Ontology annotation of human sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factors (DbTFs) based on the TFClass database
Combined Automated Annotation using Multiple IEA Methods
The neuronal microtubule-associated protein 1B is under homeoprotein transcriptional control.
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Engrailed binds and directly regulates conserved homeoprotein sites in the MAP1B promoter.
"These experiments demonstrate that MAP1B promoter is regulated by Engrailed in vivo. Moreover, they show that one promoter domain that contains all ATTA homeoprotein cognate binding sites common to the rat and human genes is an essential element of this regulation."
Joint regulation of the MAP1B promoter by HNF3beta/Foxa2 and Engrailed is the result of a highly conserved mechanism for direct interaction of homeoproteins and Fox transcription factors.
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EN2 and FOXA2 directly interact and reciprocally modulate MAP1B promoter regulation.
"Transfection experiments further demonstrate that Engrailed and Foxa2 interact physiologically in a dose-dependent manner: Foxa2 antagonizes the Engrailed-driven regulation of the MAP1B promoter, and vice versa."
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Two conserved EN2 regions mediate FOXA2 binding.
"In Engrailed, two independent interacting domains exist: the homeodomain and a region that includes the Pbx-binding domain."
Engrailed genes are cell-autonomously required to prevent apoptosis in mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons.
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Engrailed loss causes cell-autonomous apoptotic death of mouse mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons.
"Gene silencing in the postmitotic neurons by RNA interference activates caspase 3 and induces apoptosis in less than 24 hours."
The Engrailed homeobox genes determine the different foliation patterns in the vermis and hemispheres of the mammalian cerebellum.
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En1 and En2 act late to establish region-specific mammalian cerebellar foliation.
"both En genes are required to ensure that folia exclusive to the vermis or hemispheres form in the appropriate mediolateral position"
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Engrailed loss alters granule-cell-precursor layer growth and fissure formation.
"foliation is altered from the onset and is accompanied by changes in the thickness of the layer of proliferating granule cell precursors. In addition, the positioning and timing of fissure formation are altered."
Spatially restricted and developmentally dynamic expression of engrailed genes in multiple cerebellar cell types.
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Mouse En2 is expressed broadly across multiple developing cerebellar neuronal lineages.
"En2 is broadly expressed throughout the cerebellar cortex at E17.5 and is present in all of the main neuronal cell types (excluding DCN neurons), including Purkinje cells (identified by LHX1/5 and/or RORĪ± immunoreactivity), GCPs (identified by PAX6), GABAergic interneurons (PAX2-positive, which include Golgi, basket and stellate cell precursors), and unipolar brush cell precursors (TBR2 double labeling)."
Impact of cytosine methylation on DNA binding specificities of human transcription factors.
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A large-scale methylation-sensitive SELEX study measured DNA-binding specificity across human TFs, including the curated EN2 result.
"By analysis of 542 human TFs with methylation-sensitive SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment), we found that there are also many TFs that prefer CpG-methylated sequences."
Rescue of the En-1 mutant phenotype by replacement of En-1 with En-2.
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Mouse En2 coding sequence can supply En1 developmental activity in the mid-hindbrain.
"En-1 coding sequences were replaced with En-2 sequences by gene targeting. This rescued all En-1 mutant defects, demonstrating that the difference between En-1 and En-2 stems from their divergent expression patterns."