Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms
Manual transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to orthologs by curator judgment of sequence similarity
Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees
Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Subcellular Location vocabulary mapping, accompanied by conservative changes to GO terms applied by UniProt
Gene Ontology annotation based on curation of immunofluorescence data
Automatic Gene Ontology annotation based on Rhea mapping
Electronic Gene Ontology annotations created by ARBA machine learning models
Combined Automated Annotation using Multiple IEA Methods
Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network.
Over-expression in Escherichia coli and characterization of two recombinant isoforms of human FAD synthetase.
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First characterization of the two human FAD synthetase isoforms (products of FLAD1); both have FMN adenylyltransferase (FAD synthase) activity with a strict Mg2+ requirement.
"Both isoforms possessed FADS activity and had a strict requirement for MgCl(2)"
Mitochondrial localization of human FAD synthetase isoform 1.
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Human isoform 1 is imported and processed in mitochondria, whereas isoform 2 is cytosolic; the exact targeting-peptide cleavage position is predicted in the accessible abstract.
"hFADS1, but not hFADS2, localizes in mitochondria"
The antibiotics roseoflavin and 8-demethyl-8-amino-riboflavin from Streptomyces davawensis are metabolized by human flavokinase and human FAD synthetase.
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Human FAD synthetase converts RoFMN to RoFAD but does not accept AFMN, defining substrate scope of the FMN adenylyltransferase activity.
"Consequently, roseoflavin adenine dinucleotide (RoFAD) was synthesized by the latter enzyme"
Human FAD synthase (isoform 2): a component of the machinery that delivers FAD to apo-flavoproteins.
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Purified recombinant isoform 2 catalyzes FAD assembly from ATP and FMN (and, much more slowly, pyrophosphorolysis); FAD release appears rate-limiting, implying tight control of FAD synthesis and delivery.
"the enzyme catalyzes FAD assembly from ATP and FMN"
Bacterial over-expression and purification of the 3'phosphoadenosine 5'phosphosulfate (PAPS) reductase domain of human FAD synthase: functional characterization and homology modeling.
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The human C-terminal 329-587 construct catalyzes FAD synthesis and pyrophosphate-dependent reverse cleavage; this is distinct from the MPTb/KH-mediated FAD hydrolysis reaction.
"the PAPS reductase domain, per se, is able to catalyze the typical reactions of the FADS: FAD synthesis and its cleavage."
Significance of redox-active cysteines in human FAD synthase isoform 2.
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Human hFADS2 cysteine substitutions and thiol-blocking reagents alter FAD synthesis, supporting biochemical thiol dependence; a physiological cysteine-based redox switch remains proposed.
"FAD synthesis is also inhibited by thiol-blocking reagents, suggesting the involvement of free cysteines in the hFADS2 catalytic cycle."
A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network.
Remaining challenges in cellular flavin cofactor homeostasis and flavoprotein biogenesis.
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Recombinant human hFADS2 synthesizes FAD via an ordered bi-bi mechanism and directly transfers FAD to recombinant rat apo-DMGDH; separate rat nuclear LSD1 association assays do not establish direct FAD transfer to purified human LSD1.
"A direct transfer of the cofactor from hFADS2 to apo-dimethyl glycine dehydrogenase was also demonstrated."
Human FAD synthase is a bi-functional enzyme with a FAD hydrolase activity in the molybdopterin binding domain.
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Recombinant human hFADS2 hydrolyzes FAD under cobalt/mersalyl-dependent conditions; subsequent structural work refines the minimal sufficient region to MPTb plus KH.
"The recombinant hFADS2 was able to hydrolyse added FAD in a Co(2+) and mersalyl dependent reaction."
The hidden side of the human FAD synthase 2.
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Human FADS2 FAD hydrolysis is stimulated by cobalt and potassium, inhibited by NADH and stimulated by reduced glutathione. The inherited excerpt does not itself measure NADH substrate turnover.
"Co2+ induced FAD hydrolysis was strongly stimulated in the presence of K+, reaching a Vmax higher than that of FAD synthesis."
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In the reported FAD-hydrolysis assay, reduced glutathione stimulated activity and NADH inhibited it. This inherited excerpt documents assay regulation, not hydrolysis of NADH as substrate.
"Reduced glutathione stimulated whereas NADH inhibited the hydrolytic activity."
Extensive disruption of protein interactions by genetic variants across the allele frequency spectrum in human populations.
Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome.
Quantitative high-confidence human mitochondrial proteome and its dynamics in cellular context.
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The study defines a high-confidence human mitochondrial proteome. The quote is not evidence of a FLAD1 target hit; the localization decision instead cites independent PMID:20060505 experiments.
"We defined a human mitochondrial high-confidence proteome (MitoCoP) of 1,134 protein-coding genes"
Structural insights into the bifunctional enzyme human FAD synthase.
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Structural analysis of human 110-587 and domain constructs supports C-terminal FAD synthesis and an MPTb/KH interprotomer FAD-hydrolysis site. The crystal construct lacks twelve residues of natural isoform 2.
"the C-terminal domain tightly binds FAD and catalyzes its synthesis, while the combination of the N-terminal molybdopterin-binding and KH domains is the minimal essential substructure required for the hydrolysis of FAD"
Multimodal cell maps as a foundation for structural and functional genomics.
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) metabolism
Over-expression in Escherichia coli, purification and characterization of isoform 2 of human FAD synthetase.
Large-scale proteomics analysis of the human kinome.
FAD synthesis and degradation in the nucleus create a local flavin cofactor pool.
Riboflavin-Responsive and -Non-responsive Mutations in FAD Synthase Cause Multiple Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase and Combined Respiratory-Chain Deficiency.
Large-scale concatenation cDNA sequencing.
UniProt Q8NFF5 FLAD1 record
FLAD1 source and assay evidence guide
FLAD1 curation journal and current evidence interpretation