GO_REF:0000002

GO reference used by source annotation pipeline

Source annotation pipeline provenance for Crot annotations including acyltransferase activity.

"GO_REF entry used only to trace source annotation method; biological support was assessed from UniProt and cached literature where available."

GO_REF:0000024

GO reference used by source annotation pipeline

Source annotation pipeline provenance for Crot annotations including carnitine O-octanoyltransferase activity; carnitine metabolic process; coenzyme A metabolic process; fatty acid metabolic process.

"GO_REF entry used only to trace source annotation method; biological support was assessed from UniProt and cached literature where available."

GO_REF:0000033

GO reference used by source annotation pipeline

Source annotation pipeline provenance for Crot annotations including carnitine O-octanoyltransferase activity; peroxisome.

"GO_REF entry used only to trace source annotation method; biological support was assessed from UniProt and cached literature where available."

GO_REF:0000041

GO reference used by source annotation pipeline

Source annotation pipeline provenance for Crot annotations including fatty acid beta-oxidation.

"GO_REF entry used only to trace source annotation method; biological support was assessed from UniProt and cached literature where available."

GO_REF:0000117

GO reference used by source annotation pipeline

Source annotation pipeline provenance for Crot annotations including fatty acid transport.

"GO_REF entry used only to trace source annotation method; biological support was assessed from UniProt and cached literature where available."

GO_REF:0000120

GO reference used by source annotation pipeline

Source annotation pipeline provenance for Crot annotations including carnitine O-octanoyltransferase activity; peroxisome.

"GO_REF entry used only to trace source annotation method; biological support was assessed from UniProt and cached literature where available."

GO_REF:0000121

GO reference used by source annotation pipeline

Source annotation pipeline provenance for Crot annotations including carnitine O-octanoyltransferase activity; carnitine metabolic process; coenzyme A metabolic process; fatty acid beta-oxidation; fatty acid metabolic process; and 4 other terms.

"GO_REF entry used only to trace source annotation method; biological support was assessed from UniProt and cached literature where available."

PMID:10486279

Molecular cloning and expression of human carnitine octanoyltransferase: evidence for its role in the peroxisomal beta-oxidation of branched-chain fatty acids

For Crot, this publication provides evidence/provenance for direct annotations to medium-chain fatty acid metabolic process and contextual annotations to generation of precursor metabolites and energy.

"To study the putative role of human carnitine octanoyltransferase (COT) in the beta-oxidation of branched-chain fatty acids, we identified and cloned the cDNA encoding human COT and expressed it in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae."

PMID:11023836

Inhibition by etomoxir of rat liver carnitine octanoyltransferase is produced through the co-ordinate interaction with two histidine residues

For Crot, this publication provides evidence/provenance for direct annotations to carnitine O-octanoyltransferase activity and contextual annotations to response to xenobiotic stimulus.

"Rat peroxisomal carnitine octanoyltransferase (COT), which facilitates the transport of medium-chain fatty acids through the peroxisomal membrane, is irreversibly inhibited by the hypoglycaemia-inducing drug etomoxir."

PMID:11790793

Structural model of a malonyl-CoA-binding site of carnitine octanoyltransferase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I: mutational analysis of a malonyl-CoA affinity domain

For Crot, this publication provides evidence/provenance for direct annotations to medium-chain fatty acid transport and contextual annotations to long-chain fatty acid transport.

"Carnitine octanoyltransferase (COT) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) I, which facilitate the transport of medium- and long-chain fatty acids through the peroxisomal and mitochondrial membranes, are physiologically inhibited by malonyl-CoA."

PMID:14618266

Gene expression profile of cardiomyocytes in hypertrophic heart induced by continuous norepinephrine infusion in the rats

For Crot, this publication was reviewed as context for cellular response to norepinephrine stimulus.

"Catecholamines play an important role in the development of cardiac hypertrophy."

PMID:6630173

Purification and properties of carnitine octanoyltransferase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase from rat liver

For Crot, this publication was reviewed as context for peroxisome.

"The activities of carnitine octanoyltransferase (COT) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) in rat liver were markedly increased by administration of di(2-ethyl-hexyl)phthalate."
Purified rat liver COT was reported not to be inhibited by malonyl-CoA.

"Malonyl-CoA inhibited CPT but not COT."

PMID:7495866

Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the rat liver carnitine octanoyltransferase cDNA, its natural gene and the gene promoter

For Crot, this publication supports direct annotations to carnitine O-octanoyltransferase activity.

"The full-length cDNA and the natural gene for rat peroxisomal carnitine octanoyltransferase (COT) have been isolated and sequenced."

file:rat/Crot/Crot-deep-research-falcon.md

Falcon (Edison Scientific) deep research report: rat Crot (UniProt P11466), peroxisomal carnitine O-octanoyltransferase

Falcon confirms the gene identity (rat Crot, UniProt P11466) and the core catalytic role as a peroxisomal carnitine acyltransferase catalyzing reversible acyl transfer between acyl-CoA and carnitine, corroborating GO:0008458.

"CROT is a **peroxisomal carnitine acyltransferase** that catalyzes a reversible acyl‑transfer reaction: **L‑carnitine + acyl‑CoA ⇄ acyl‑L‑carnitine + CoASH**."
Falcon documents the physiological rationale for acylcarnitine formation, supporting the carnitine metabolic process and coenzyme A metabolic process annotations.

"This chemistry is central to **acylcarnitine formation**, which is widely used by cells to move (or buffer) acyl groups across compartment boundaries where **acyl‑CoAs themselves are poorly membrane‑permeable**."
Falcon corroborates the medium-chain substrate preference that underpins the carnitine O-octanoyltransferase activity and medium-chain fatty acid metabolic/transport annotations.

"Across sources, CROT is described as preferring **medium‑chain acyl‑CoAs**"
Falcon supports the role of Crot in handling branched-chain beta-oxidation products (e.g. DMN-CoA), consistent with medium-chain fatty acid metabolic process.

"CROT has also been implicated in handling **branched‑chain β‑oxidation products**, including conversion of **4,8‑dimethylnonanoyl‑CoA (DMN‑CoA)** to a carnitine ester for downstream oxidation."
Falcon supports peroxisomal localization (GO:0005777) as the site where Crot acts.

"CROT is described as **peroxisomal** and, in one mechanistic discussion, as **entirely peroxisomal**."
Falcon frames the pathway role as export of peroxisomal beta-oxidation products as acylcarnitines for downstream mitochondrial oxidation, supporting fatty acid beta-oxidation and the medium-chain transport annotations.

"Core pathway role is export of **peroxisomal β-oxidation products** as **acylcarnitines** for downstream mitochondrial oxidation."
Falcon describes Crot as a carnitine-dependent transport mechanism exporting beta-oxidation products to mitochondria, supporting the medium-chain fatty acid transport annotation.

"CROT is explicitly presented as a key component of a **carnitine-dependent transport mechanism** exporting β-oxidation products to mitochondria for further metabolism."
Falcon notes that rat Crot expression is induced by peroxisome proliferators in liver, providing context (but not core-function support) for the response to xenobiotic stimulus annotation, which remains marked as over-annotation (downstream transcriptional response).

"In rat liver, **peroxisome proliferators** induce **Crot** expression."
Falcon reports a 2023 finding that CROT is a p53 target supporting oxidative metabolism and cell survival during nutrient starvation, providing regulatory context downstream of the core enzymatic role.

"CROT activity supports **oxidative metabolism and cell survival during nutrient starvation**"