C. elegans PPEF-type phosphatase (Retinal degeneration C ortholog) functions in diverse classes of cilia to regulate nematode behaviors
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PEF-1 localizes to axonemal region of cilia, excluded from transition zone
"we found the PEF-1::GFP protein to be concentrated within the cilium, but in a region distal to the transition zone (TZ), which represents the proximal-most region of the axoneme"
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Requires transition zone proteins (MKS-5, CEP-290) for ciliary compartmentalization
"We find that disrupting the scaffolding proteins MKS-5 or CEP-290 causes PEF-1::GFP mislocalization, diminishing its enrichment within the ciliary region distal to the TZ"
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Expressed in sensory neurons AFD, AWC, ASE, BAG, PQR, PHA, PHB
"We generated a strain bearing a PEF-1::GFP fusion protein construct under the control of the endogenous pef-1 promoter and observed expression in several head-localized ciliated neurons, including AFD, AWC, ASE, BAG, and PQR, as well as the tail-localized ciliated neurons PHA and PHB"
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pef-1 mutants show defects in thermotaxis, salt chemotaxis, CO2 avoidance, UV avoidance
"our findings suggest that C. elegans PEF-1 plays roles in ciliated sensory neurons that control various sensory modalities and regulate behaviors, including chemosensation, thermosensation, and to a lesser degree, photosensation"
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Osmosensation remains normal in pef-1 mutants
"the pef-1 null mutant behaves like wild-type (i.e., shows an avoidance phenotype) when confronted with a high-osmolarity glycerol barrier"
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TEM reveals microtubule abnormalities in pef-1 mutant cilia
"While this ciliary subdomain (distal segment) is indeed present and bounded by a membrane, the singlet microtubules which are readily identified in wild-type cilia70 are absent or indistinct in the pef-1 mutant"
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First demonstration of ciliary function for any PPEF family member
"PPEF proteins have not been specifically associated with a ciliary function in any organism"