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SNIPE is a membrane-bound nuclease that directly cleaves phage DNA during genome injection, providing direct defence against bacteriophage
"we demonstrate that SNIPE directly cleaves phage DNA during genome injection"
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SNIPE constitutively localizes to the bacterial cell membrane
"we characterize SNIPE, an anti-bacteriophage defence system that constitutively localizes to the bacterial cell membrane in Escherichia coli to block phage"
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SNIPE pre-associates with host proteins for lambda genome entry and with the tape measure protein during genome injection
"SNIPE associates with host proteins essential for λ genome entry and with the λ tape measure protein, which facilitates λ genome injection across the inner membrane"
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Radiolabelled phage DNA tracking demonstrates SNIPE cleaves DNA during injection
"Using radiolabelled phage DNA and time-lapse microscopy to track phage genomes, we demonstrate that SNIPE directly cleaves phage DNA during genome injection"
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SNIPE provides ManYZ-independent defence against siphoviruses via direct TMP interaction
"SNIPE also defends against diverse siphoviruses, probably through direct interactions with their tape measure proteins"
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SNIPE is a widespread defence system representing a novel self/non-self discrimination strategy
"SNIPE as a widespread bacterial defence system that exploits the spatial organization of phage genome injection to specifically target viral DNA, representing a previously unknown strategy for distinguishing self from non-self in prokaryotic immune systems"