Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees
Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot keyword mapping
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SPKW annotations capture legitimate biology from UniProt keyword mappings
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For Ced-12, phagocytosis and apoptosis keywords correctly capture the conserved efferocytosis function
The C. elegans PH domain protein CED-12 regulates cytoskeletal reorganization via a Rho/Rac GTPase signaling pathway.
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CED-12 functions in engulfment of apoptotic cells and cell migration
"The C. elegans gene ced-12 functions in the engulfment of apoptotic cells and in cell migration, acting in a signaling pathway with ced-2 Crkll, ced-5 DOCK180, and ced-10 Rac GTPase and acting upstream of ced-10 Rac."
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CED-12 acts in signaling pathway with CED-2/Crk, CED-5/DOCK180, and CED-10/Rac
"CED-12 acts in engulfing cells for cell corpse engulfment and interacts physically with CED-5, which contains an SH3 domain."
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CED-12 has Drosophila and human counterparts with conserved function
"CED-12 has Drosophila and human counterparts."
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Expression induces Rho GTPase-dependent actin filament bundle formation
"Expression of CED-12 and its counterparts in murine Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts induced Rho GTPase-dependent formation of actin filament bundles."
PVR plays a critical role via JNK activation in thorax closure during Drosophila metamorphosis.
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ELMO functions as mediator of JNK activation by PVR
"We present evidence showing Crk (an adaptor molecule), Mbc, ELMO (a homolog of Caenorhabditis elegans CED-12 and mammalian ELMO), and Rac to be mediators of JNK activation by PVR."
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ELMO acts with Crk, Mbc, and Rac in thorax closure signaling
"Here we demonstrate that PVR is also required for the morphogenetic process, thorax closure, during metamorphosis."
Two distinct modes of guidance signalling during collective migration of border cells.
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Mbc-ELMO pathway required for early phase of border cell migration
"The myoblast city (Mbc, also known as DOCK180) and engulfment and cell motility (ELMO, also known as Ced-12) pathway is required for the early phase, in which guidance depends on subcellular localization of signalling within a leading cell."
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Guidance depends on subcellular localization of signaling within leading cell
"Genetic analysis combined with live imaging shows that polarized cell behaviour is critical for the initial phase of migration, whereas dynamic collective behaviour dominates later."
Drosophila ELMO/CED-12 interacts with Myoblast city to direct myoblast fusion and ommatidial organization.
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ELMO physically interacts with Mbc SH3 domain
"we describe the isolation of Drosophila ELMO/CED-12, an approximately 82 kDa protein with a pleckstrin homology (PH) and proline-rich domain, by interaction with the MBC SH3 domain."
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MBC/ELMO complex present in embryonic musculature during myoblast fusion
"Mass spectrometry confirms the presence of an MBC/ELMO complex within the embryonic musculature at the time of myoblast fusion and embryos maternally and/or zygotically mutant for elmo exhibit defects in myoblast fusion"
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elmo mutants exhibit myoblast fusion defects
"embryos maternally and/or zygotically mutant for elmo exhibit defects in myoblast fusion."
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Mbc and ELMO cooperate to activate Rac1 and Rac2 in Drosophila
"Overexpression of MBC and ELMO/CED-12 in the eye causes perturbations in ommatidial organization that are suppressed by mutations in Rac1 and Rac2, demonstrating genetically that MBC and ELMO/CED-12 cooperate to activate these small GTPases in Drosophila."
The DOCK protein sponge binds to ELMO and functions in Drosophila embryonic CNS development.
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ELMO interacts with DOCK protein Sponge
"We identified and characterized the role of Drosophila Sponge (Spg), the vertebrate DOCK3/DOCK4 counterpart as an ELMO-interacting protein."
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elmo mutants exhibit CNS axonal patterning defects
"Consistent with its role in ELMO-dependent pathways, we found genetic interactions with spg and elmo mutants exhibited aberrant axonal defects."
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ELMO functions in CNS development alongside myoblast fusion and border cell migration
"Mutations in mbc and elmo result in border cell migration defects in the ovary and myoblast fusion defects in the embryo [25], [26], [27]"
Drosophila importin-7 functions upstream of the Elmo signaling module to mediate the formation and stability of muscle attachments.
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Dim7 is an Elmo-interacting protein
"Dim7 is encoded by the moleskin (msk) locus and was identified as an Elmo-interacting protein."
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Elmo localizes to ends of myofibers at muscle attachment sites
"Both Dim7 and Elmo localize to the ends of myofibers coincident with the timing of muscle-tendon attachment in late myogenesis."
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elmo mutants have muscle attachment defects similar to integrin mutants
"Phenotypic analysis of elmo mutants reveal muscle attachment defects similar to those previously described for integrin mutants."
Mechanical tension drives cell membrane fusion.
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Context of Mbc-ELMO pathway in membrane fusion mechanics
"Previously, we have shown that cell-cell fusion is an asymmetric process in which an "attacking" cell drills finger-like protrusions into the "receiving" cell to promote cell fusion."
Falcon deep research compilation (2024)
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DOCK-ELMO complexes form autoinhibited Rac-GEF modules
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RhoG binding triggers closed-to-open conformational transition
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ELMO contains GAP-like motif that may modulate Rho/CDC42 in certain contexts
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Conserved roles in efferocytosis, cell migration, and myoblast fusion
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Localizes to phagocytic cups, leading edges, and fusion foci