Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees
Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Subcellular Location vocabulary mapping, accompanied by conservative changes to GO terms applied by UniProt
Automatic assignment of GO terms using logical inference, based on on inter-ontology links
The Snail repressor is required for PMC ingression in the sea urchin embryo.
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Snail is required in micromeres for PMC ingression, represses cadherin transcription, is needed for cadherin endocytosis, and sits downstream of Pmar1 and Alx1 in the micromere-PMC GRN.
"Perturbation studies position Snail in the sea urchin micromere-PMC gene regulatory network (GRN), downstream of Pmar1 and Alx1, and upstream of several PMC-expressed proteins."
Sub-circuits of a gene regulatory network control a developmental epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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snail is one of 13 pre-EMT transcription factors required for PMC EMT in L. variegatus; snail knockdown blocks de-adhesion but not laminin-hole formation, motility or apical constriction.
"Three TFs highest in the GRN specified and activated EMT (alx1, ets1, tbr) and the 10 TFs downstream of those (tel, erg, hex, tgif, snail, twist, foxn2/3, dri, foxb, foxo) were also required for EMT."
From genome to anatomy: The architecture and evolution of the skeletogenic gene regulatory network of sea urchins and other echinoderms.
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The role of snail in the S. purpuratus PMC GRN is unsettled; Sp-sna is expressed at low levels before gastrulation and its PMC enrichment and response to Alx1 knockdown differ between studies.
"It remains unclear whether the role of snail is different in the two species or whether technical differences in these studies account for the apparent variability."
Twist is an essential regulator of the skeletogenic gene regulatory network in the sea urchin embryo.
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snail is expressed just before EMT and disappears from PMCs shortly after ingression; twist and snail both depend on Alx1 but a direct Twist-Snail regulatory link is not supported.
"Here, expression of twist and snail both rely on Alx1, but as yet, one cannot conclude on the relationship between these two proteins in the sea urchin embryos."
A homologue of snail is expressed transiently in subsets of mesenchyme cells in the sea urchin embryo and is down-regulated in axis-deficient embryos.
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A snail homologue is expressed transiently in subsets of non-skeletogenic mesenchyme and the ciliated band in L. variegatus, and this expression is lost in radialized embryos.
"these patterns are consistent with expression of SNAIL by novel subsets of SMCs that are largely distinct from skeletogenic mesenchyme."
The C2H2 zinc finger genes of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and their expression in embryonic development.
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Genome-wide survey of S. purpuratus C2H2 zinc-finger genes by the group that submitted the Snail cDNA (AY372519); expression of this gene class was measured by QPCR and in situ hybridization.
"Spatial expression pattern was determined by whole mount in situ hybridization for 43 genes transcribed at a sufficient level, and localized expression was observed in diverse embryonic tissues."