Human mitochondrial tRNAs: biogenesis, function, structural aspects, and diseases.
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The 22 mtDNA-encoded tRNAs are used by the mitochondrial protein synthesis machinery to translate the 13 mtDNA-encoded mRNAs.
"These mRNAs are translated by the mitochondrial protein synthesis machinery, which uses the 22 species of mitochondrial tRNAs (mt tRNAs) encoded by mtDNA."
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mt tRNA genes are frequent sites of pathogenic point mutations.
"The genes encoding mt tRNAs are highly susceptible to point mutations, which are a primary cause of mitochondrial dysfunction and are associated with a wide range of pathologies."
Sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial genome.
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The human mitochondrial genome encodes 22 tRNAs.
"The genes for the 12S and 16S rRNAs, 22 tRNAs, cytochrome c oxidase subunits I, II and III, ATPase subunit 6, cytochrome b and eight other predicted protein coding genes have been located."
Dealing with an Unconventional Genetic Code in Mitochondria: The Biogenesis and Pathogenic Defects of the 5-Formylcytosine Modification in Mitochondrial tRNA(Met).
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The single mt-tRNA-Met reads AUG and AUA during initiation and elongation.
"In addition to the standard AUG methionine codon, the single mitochondrial tRNA Methionine (mt-tRNAMet) also recognises AUA during translation initiation and elongation."