This guide distinguishes direct human evidence, ortholog evidence and curated inference. Normal publication-cache availability is separate from access to an independently recovered original. No failed publisher response is treated as an article.
HGNC:2954 identifies DNAI1; UniProt Q9UI46 identifies the human axonemal intermediate chain. DIC1 is a historical alias that must not be confused with cytoplasmic dynein intermediate chains DYNC1I1/DYNC1I2.
Official alternative-sequence features reconstruct Q9UI46-1 at 699 residues and Q9UI46-2 at 168 residues, matching their official FASTAs. Product 2 retains canonical residues 1–87, replaces 88–168 and lacks 169–699, including the seven current WD-repeat regions. The original 699-residue clone supports the reference product; clinical truncations and a possible longer-UTR transcript are not evidence for activity of the natural short product.
The core uses microtubule motor activity as a contribution of a noncatalytic complex subunit, with outer dynein arm in the complex slot. Dynein heavy-chain binding is a conserved subunit-specific inference; light-chain contacts are part of the same integrated function. The imported enables motor annotation is marked over-annotated because its replacement cannot encode this contribution relation; no heavy- or light-chain binding assay is inferred from the original cloning paper alone. Axoneme and DynAP are anatomical locations at different stages. The mature respiratory pool is also assigned to 9+2 motile cilium, a descendant of motile cilium. Axoneme describes the internal microtubule structure and does not itself preserve the motile or 9+2 cilium type. No separate chaperone or ATPase activity is asserted.
PMID:15750039(https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2718478/), Table 1, DNAI1-target Results and Discussion, examines UNC119 with compound-heterozygous DNAI1 variants. DNAH5 remains proximally but is lost distally; DNAH9 is absent from the ciliary axoneme. The normal cache is abstract-only, but the genuine separate PMC original was read.
PMID:16858015(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16858015/), full-cache Methods and genotype/ultrastructure Results, supports the connection between DNAI1 disease alleles and outer-arm defects. Its uncertain monoallelic variants are not generalized as established pathogenic alleles.
PMID:18950741(https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.10.001), Figure 7 caption and the Results/Discussion beginning with the DNAI1-mutant respiratory-cell comparison, examines OP121-II1 carrying homozygous IVS1+2_3insT. DNAI2 is moderately retained proximally and absent distally. Its abstract reverses the spatial defect and a Results type-number label is inconsistent. The review follows the explicit spatial observations, without claiming that all DNAI1 mutations eliminate every outer arm. Full text was read; no image-pixel reassessment was performed.
Laterality is retained as a physiological context. PMID:17515466(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17515466/) was accessible only as an abstract; its pooled DNAI1/DNAH5 cohort counts are not assigned to DNAI1 alone. The separately recovered PMID:22499950 original, target Table 4 and Discussion, reports a single DNAI1 founder allele in heterotaxy patient 9002 and proposes a multigenic explanation. It does not establish a dominant one-allele mechanism. PMID:18492703(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18492703/) similarly provides an abstract-level possible association with isolated asthenozoospermia; pooled dynein-gene findings and absent ultrastructural abnormalities are preserved as limitations.
The source of the centrosome/insulin-pathway problem is PMID:28057765(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28057765/). Its full Methods identify a rat EGFP-IC1B construct, Santa Cruz clone 74.1, and purified bovine-brain cytoplasmic dynein. The manufacturer's sc-13524 data sheet, Chromosomal Location, Source and Applications sections, identifies DYNC1I1/DYNC1I2 and cytosolic dynein. An ordinary PDF request failed, but the indexed primary PDF text was independently accessible. Together these sources identify a wrong target assignment in the mouse Dnai1 GOA rows, which should not propagate to human DNAI1. The paper is not retracted or scientifically invalidated by this annotation error.
The BICD2 source PMID:23664119(https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3675262/), cloning and endogenous-DIC co-immunoprecipitation Methods/Results, was recovered separately from its abstract-only normal cache. It reports a positive association using an Abcam mouse monoclonal DIC antibody without a recovered clone/catalog number. That is insufficient to substitute the 74.1 identity from another paper. The exact DNAI1 attribution remains unresolved rather than being confidently removed or refined to adaptor binding.
PMID:33139725(https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7606486/), Results discussing Supplementary Figure 8j–l, antibody Methods and native-complex purification Methods, explicitly reports DNAI1 in CFAP52-associated material. Native complexes derive from porcine respiratory cells; tagged CFAP52–DNAI1 association was measured in HEK293 cells. This is positive association evidence, not purified binary-interface proof. The independently curated CFAP52 identity identifies a microtubule inner protein, supporting cytoskeletal protein binding. Neither the CFAP45 adenine-nucleotide mechanism nor its distinct DNALI1 assay is transferred to DNAI1. The normal cache remains abstract-only; genuine separate full XML/HTML was read. The preserved UniProt DNAI1 record, SUBUNIT section, independently corroborates CFAP52 association; it does not convert the co-immunoprecipitation into purified binary binding.
The fresh IntAct response contained four other records but no source-matched record for these two imported IPI assertions. That absence is not negative evidence against the originals. The extra records are not manufactured into new GO annotations.
The actual HPA DNAI1 record reports supported primary-cilium localization in serum-starved hTERT-RPE1 cells and sperm mid, principal and end pieces. The source's broad cilium assertion is retained as a contextual observation, distinct from motile-axoneme evidence. The inspected record text and assay metadata do not independently resolve the primary-cilium staining to its axonemal bundle. Primary cilia contain axonemes, but that biological fact is not a sub-ciliary localization measurement. No antibody-specificity defect is inferred. Only record text and assay metadata were read, not individual fluorescence images.
PMID:37352829(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37352829/), mouse-testis construct Methods and Results accompanying Figure S7, supports DNAI1 manchette localization in wild-type elongating spermatids and partial redistribution after Cfap70 loss. This grounds the mouse ortholog transfer; it is not a direct human localization assay or an intrinsic transport activity of DNAI1.
The PANTHER PTHR12442 tree places human DNAI1 leaf PTN002488192 below axonemal-intermediate-chain node PTN000277955. The actual IBDs for ciliary movement, outer-arm membership and assembly are at that node. Human DNAI1 appearing among the descendant evidence is legitimate, not circular.
Light- and heavy-chain binding arise at ancestral root PTN000277823. Exact donor joins include mouse Dync1i1/O88485, fly short wing/Q24246 and human DYNC2I2/Q96EX3 for light-chain binding; Dictyostelium dicA/P54703 grounds heavy-chain binding. Current donor records contain experimental annotations, distinct from the owner's personal original-reading scope. Different dynein compartments do not alone refute an ancestral intermediate-chain contact role. No target-specific loss was identified.
All five actual ARBA rules match the two DNAI1 FunFams, with their respective taxonomic conditions: ARBA00034388 for movement, ARBA00026971 for cytoplasm, ARBA00029268 for microtubule cytoskeleton, ARBA00084643 for laterality, and ARBA00026414 for 9+2 motile cilium. These are inspected sequence-rule outputs, not experimental assays. Specific refinements use the separately established human evidence.
The preserved UniProt DNAI1 record, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION section, explicitly attributes cilium-axoneme localization to PMID:27120127(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27120127/). This corroborates the curator's source assignment alongside the independently read human lung and sperm localization studies. The original PMID:27120127 DNAI1 panel was not recovered or personally verified; its normal cache remains abstract-only. This differs from PMID:33139725, whose separate full original was read despite its abstract-only normal cache. The short UniProt excerpts occur once each in the corresponding YAML reviews.