A flavin-dependent halogenase catalyzes the chlorination step in the biosynthesis of Dictyostelium differentiation-inducing factor 1.
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ChlA is a flavin-dependent halogenase that catalyzes both chlorination steps in DIF-1 biosynthesis, shown by in vivo and in vitro evidence.
"chlA from Dd encodes a flavin-dependent halogenase capable of catalyzing both chlorinations in the biosynthesis of DIF-1"
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The chlorination of THPH and Cl-THPH is reconstituted in vitro with purified ChlA protein.
"The chlorination of THPH and Cl-THPH can be reconstituted in vitro using purified ChlA protein"
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Lys86 is an essential catalytic residue, consistent with the lysine-chloramine halogenation mechanism.
"Lysine-86 has been identified as an essential catalytic residue"
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chlA is clustered with the polyketide synthase stlB and its transcription rises with stlB and dmtA during mid development.
"Increased transcription of chlA coincides with rises in stlB and dmtA transcription"
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The DIF-1 pathway comprises THPH formation by StlB, dichlorination by ChlA, and O-methylation by DmtA.
"dichlorination by the flavin-dependent halogenase ChlA"
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Disrupting chlA gives a DIF-less phenotype of fragile slugs and collapsed fruiting bodies and blocks DIF-1 synthesis.
"disruption of chlA leads to the characteristic DIF-less phenotype of fragile slug formation and collapsed fruiting bodies"