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GatC is the small accessory/structural subunit of the heterotrimeric GatCAB tRNA-dependent amidotransferase, rather than a catalytic subunit.
"**GatC** is a **small accessory subunit**"
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GatC is required for proper folding of GatA and for GatA binding to GatB, helping assemble and stabilize the functional heterotrimeric complex.
"GatC as required for **proper folding of GatA** and for GatA binding to GatB"
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In plant GatCAB, GatC acts as a structural/linker element that interacts with GatA and GatB via its termini.
"GatC as a **structural/linker** element that interacts with GatA and GatB via its termini"
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In plant organelles, Gln-tRNA(Gln) is produced by an indirect two-step pathway in which a nondiscriminating GluRS first misacylates tRNA(Gln) and GatCAB then transamidates it.
"Gln-tRNA\*Gln\* is produced by an **indirect two-step pathway**"
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GatCAB ensures availability of correctly charged Gln-tRNA(Gln) in organelles that may lack an organellar GlnRS by correcting nondiscriminating-GluRS misacylation via transamidation.
"It ensures availability of correctly charged **Gln‑tRNA\*Gln\*** in organelles that may not have an organellar GlnRS, by correcting ND‑GluRS misacylation via transamidation"
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GatCAB occupies the organellar translation supply chain, upstream of ribosomal protein synthesis.
"GatCAB sits in the **organellar translation supply chain**, upstream of ribosomal protein synthesis"
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In Arabidopsis, GatA, GatB, and GatC are imported into both mitochondria and chloroplasts and processed to mature, protease-protected forms, demonstrating dual organellar targeting of the plant GatCAB.
"GatA, GatB, and GatC** are imported into **both mitochondria and chloroplasts** and processed to mature, protease-protected forms"
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Recent angiosperm comparative genomics indicates most species retain at least some GatCAB subunits, consistent with retention of the canonical organellar pathway in photosynthetic trees such as Populus.
"most species retain at least some GatCAB subunits"
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No Populus-specific primary experimental study was retrieved; the functional annotation of B9INH0 is therefore based on conserved GatC family/domain evidence and direct Arabidopsis evidence.
"annotation is instead supported by its assignment to the GatC family and by strong Arabidopsis and conserved GatCAB literature showing organellar GatC as the structural subunit of dual-targeted GatCAB"