The research report should be a detailed narrative explaining the function, biological processes, and localization of the gene product. Citations should be given for all claims.
You should prioritize authoritative reviews and primary scientific literature when conducting research. You can supplement
this with annotations you find in gene/protein databases, but these can be outdated or inaccurate.
We are specifically interested in the primary function of the gene - for enzymes, what reaction is catalyzed, and what is the substrate specificity? For transporters, what is the substrate? For structural proteins or adapters, what is the broader structural role? For signaling molecules, what is the role in the pathway.
We are interested in where in or outside the cell the gene product carries out its function.
We are also interested in the signaling or biochemical pathways in which the gene functions. We are less interested in broad pleiotropic effects, except where these elucidate the precise role.
Include evidence where possible. We are interested in both experimental evidence as well as inference from structure, evolution, or bioinformatic analysis. Precise studies should be prioritized over high-throughput, where available.
Identity verified. The requested Ar1 is the fruit-fly gene CG6084, also called dAR1 or Akr1B, not a similarly named gene from another organism. Yang and colleagues explicitly identify CG6084 as dAR1; an independent sequence analysis identifies CG6084 as FlyBase FBgn0086254 and an aldo-keto reductase (AKR). These identifiers agree with the supplied UniProt record. CG10638 is a separate, putative aldose-reductase gene and must not be treated as a synonym of Ar1. (yang2019sugaralcoholsof pages 5-6, scarpati2019acombinedcomputational pages 4-5, sano2022thepolyolpathway pages 4-6)
The best-supported primary function is aldose reduction in the polyol pathway, particularly the conversion of glucose to sorbitol. The proposed reductive reaction is glucose + NADPH + H⁺ → sorbitol + NADP⁺. Galactose-to-galactitol reduction is also consistent with the fly immune-pathway results. NADPH preference and hydride transfer are well-established properties of the AKR family, but the reviewed studies do not establish CG6084-specific cofactor preference, purified-enzyme glucose-versus-galactose kinetics, or a ranked substrate-specificity profile. Thus, the reaction assignment has stronger in-vivo functional support than purified-protein biochemical support. (yang2019sugaralcoholsof pages 5-6, sano2022thepolyolpathway pages 4-6, barski2008thealdoketoreductase pages 5-6)
Sequence and structure support this assignment: CG6084 is a 316-residue, single-AKR-domain protein with approximately 49% identity and 68% similarity to human AKR1B1 in one analysis. Its modeled protein preserves candidate catalytic residues Y50, K79 and H112 corresponding to residues in the human enzyme. Domain similarity supports an oxidoreductase mechanism; it does not independently establish which physiological carbonyl substrates Ar1 uses. (scarpati2019acombinedcomputational pages 7-8, barski2008thealdoketoreductase pages 4-5)
The following studies distinguish experiments on Ar1 itself from experiments that jointly perturb multiple aldose reductases. Dates and URLs identify the underlying publications. (yang2019sugaralcoholsof pages 6-7, sano2022thepolyolpathway pages 4-6, hoshino2023circulatingfructoseregulates pages 9-11, kulshrestha2024anessentialrole pages 4-9)
| Study (year; DOI URL) | Genetic specificity | Most relevant result | Interpretation / limitation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yang et al. (2019), 10.1016/j.chom.2019.07.001 | Directly CG6084-specific: two dAR1 mutant alleles, two hemocyte RNAi reagents, tissue-specific tests, and human AKR1B10 rescue | Infection increased dAR1 expression in hemocytes and aldose-reductase activity in hemolymph. dAR1 loss or hemocyte-specific RNAi impaired systemic fat-body IMD signaling; hemocyte AKR1B10 restored it. Sorbitol and galactitol—but not mannitol—activated the response. (yang2019sugaralcoholsof pages 6-7, yang2019sugaralcoholsof pages 5-6, yang2019sugaralcoholsof pages 7-10) | Strongest gene-specific evidence that CG6084 supplies physiologically relevant aldose-reductase activity in hemocytes and promotes circulating immune-signaling polyols. It does not provide purified-dAR1 kinetics or direct subcellular/localization imaging; hemolymph activity does not by itself prove secretion. (yang2019sugaralcoholsof pages 5-6, yang2019sugaralcoholsof pages 11-12) |
| Scarpati et al. (2019), 10.1371/journal.pone.0211897 | CG6084-specific but computational only | CG6084 was modeled as a 316-residue, single-domain AKR related to human AKR1 proteins, with 49% sequence identity, 68% similarity, conserved candidate catalytic residues, and 0.847 Å modeled structural RMSD; prostaglandin/eicosanoid reductase activity was proposed. (scarpati2019acombinedcomputational pages 4-5, scarpati2019acombinedcomputational pages 7-8) | Supports AKR-family structure, not physiological substrate assignment. The proposed eicosanoid activity has no purified-enzyme, product, mutant, or in-vivo validation and must not be presented as established Ar1 function. (scarpati2019acombinedcomputational pages 16-17, scarpati2019acombinedcomputational pages 14-16) |
| Sano et al. (2022), 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001678 | Not Ar1-specific: combined loss of CG6084 and CG10638 (“AR mutant”) | Ingested ^13C-glucose generated sorbitol and fructose; the AR double mutant had reduced hemolymph sorbitol. In fat body, glucose raised nuclear Mondo::Venus from 5.2% to 14.6% in controls but failed in AR mutants; downstream sorbitol/fructose bypassed the block. (sano2022thepolyolpathway pages 4-6, sano2022thepolyolpathway pages 8-11) | Strong pathway-level evidence for aldose reductases upstream of sorbitol/fructose and Mondo/Mlx glucose sensing, but it cannot assign the phenotype specifically to CG6084. The localization measured was Mondo localization, not Ar1 localization. Dependence was nutritional-context sensitive: glucose could activate Mondo after starvation even in AR mutants. (sano2022thepolyolpathway pages 8-11, sano2022thepolyolpathway pages 4-6) |
| Hoshino et al. (2023), 10.1126/sciadv.add5551 | Not Ar1-specific: CG6084–CG10638 double loss-of-function mutant; pathway dissection also used Sodh mutants | AR double mutants impaired the mating-induced germline-stem-cell increase. Complementary experiments showed that polyol-pathway-derived circulating fructose activates Gr43a in NPF-positive enteroendocrine cells, causing NPF release and promoting ovarian GSC expansion; oral fructose rescued pathway-mutant phenotypes. (hoshino2023circulatingfructoseregulates pages 6-7, hoshino2023circulatingfructoseregulates pages 9-11, hoshino2023circulatingfructoseregulates pages 11-12) | Establishes a glucose→polyol pathway→fructose→Gr43a→NPF→GSC endocrine circuit, but does not resolve CG6084 from CG10638 or demonstrate Ar1 localization. Ex-vivo sugars did not act directly on ovaries, supporting an indirect endocrine mechanism. (hoshino2023circulatingfructoseregulates pages 9-11) |
| Kulshrestha et al. (July 2024), bioRxiv preprint, 10.1101/2024.07.26.605306 | Individual CG6084/Akr1B RNAi, plus Akr2E3 RNAi and combined knockdown; panglial versus panneuronal tests | Panglial knockdown of either Akr1B or Akr2E3 impaired larval glucose preference, and combined glial knockdown abolished it; panneuronal knockdown did not. Akr1B knockdown did not impair sorbitol preference, consistent with action at the glucose→sorbitol step. Experiments used four replicates and 80 larvae per condition. (kulshrestha2024anessentialrole pages 4-9) | Recent gene-specific support for a glial role in postingestive glucose sensing, with astrocyte-like and cortex glia implicated collectively. Evidence is behavioral/RNAi-based, lacks direct metabolite flux or purified-enzyme assays, and remains non-peer-reviewed. (kulshrestha2024anessentialrole pages 9-11, kulshrestha2024anessentialrole pages 4-9) |
Table: Evidence for Drosophila Ar1/CG6084 ranges from direct gene-specific genetics to double-mutant pathway studies and computational predictions. The table separates established Ar1 findings from paralog-confounded results, preprint evidence, and unvalidated hypotheses.
The strongest gene-specific physiological evidence is Yang et al., published August 2019, Cell Host & Microbe (DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.07.001). In larvae challenged orally with Erwinia carotovora Ecc15, intestinal immune-deficiency (IMD) signaling preceded increased Ar1 expression in hemocytes, increased aldose-reductase activity measured in hemolymph, and accumulation of circulating polyols. Two dAR1 mutant alleles impaired the ensuing fat-body IMD response without eliminating the intestinal response. Hemocyte-specific Ar1 RNAi reproduced this defect; knockdown in the gut or fat body did not. Expressing human AKR1B10 in mutant hemocytes restored the response, providing functional complementation rather than merely a sequence-based assignment. (yang2019sugaralcoholsof pages 5-6, yang2019sugaralcoholsof pages 6-7)
The mechanistic model is intestinal IMD activation → hemocyte-associated Ar1-dependent polyol production → circulating sorbitol/galactitol → fat-body Mmp2-dependent PGRP-LC cleavage → IMD/Relish-dependent antimicrobial transcription. Sorbitol or galactitol stimulated the fat-body response in tissue assays, whereas mannitol did not; sorbitol injected into hemolymph also induced fat-body Diptericin expression. These are evidence that the small metabolites, rather than Ar1 itself, can carry the interorgan signal. The exact receptor or initial means by which sorbitol activates Mmp2 remains unresolved: the authors specifically did not establish PGRPs as sorbitol receptors or transporters. (yang2019sugaralcoholsof pages 6-7, yang2019sugaralcoholsof pages 7-10, yang2019sugaralcoholsof pages 1-2)
Sano et al., published June 10, 2022, PLOS Biology (DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001678) used labeled ingested glucose to show formation of sorbitol and fructose. Flies jointly mutant for CG6084 and CG10638 had reduced hemolymph sorbitol; flies mutant for sorbitol dehydrogenases accumulated it. These findings support a two-step pathway, glucose → sorbitol → fructose, in which aldose reductases supply the first step and sorbitol dehydrogenases supply the second. Because the AR mutant disrupts both genes, its metabolic and developmental phenotypes cannot be assigned specifically to Ar1. (sano2022thepolyolpathway pages 4-6)
A principal output is regulation of Mondo/Mlx, the fly glucose-responsive transcriptional system. In cultured fat bodies from normally fed larvae, the proportion of nuclear Mondo::Venus signal rose from 5.2% in basal medium to 14.6% with added glucose, 12.7% with sorbitol, and 16.7% with fructose. Glucose failed to induce comparable nuclear accumulation in AR-double-mutant or sorbitol-dehydrogenase-mutant fat bodies, whereas supplying downstream polyol-pathway metabolites bypassed the appropriate metabolic block. The requirement is conditional, however: glucose refeeding after starvation could still promote Mondo nuclear localization in these mutants. These measurements concern Mondo, not Ar1 protein localization. (sano2022thepolyolpathway pages 8-11, sano2022thepolyolpathway pages 6-8)
Hoshino et al., published February 24, 2023, Science Advances (DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add5551) extended the pathway to an endocrine circuit in mated females. Circulating fructose generated through the polyol pathway activates Gr43a in NPF-positive midgut enteroendocrine cells; NPF release supports an increase in ovarian germline stem cells. A CG6084/CG10638 double mutant impaired the postmating stem-cell increase. Sorbitol-dehydrogenase mutants showed defective fructose-associated responses, and dietary fructose—but not sorbitol—bypassed their downstream conversion defect. These results identify a real physiological application of polyol-pathway metabolism, not an independently proven Ar1-only role in the adult endocrine response. The study found no direct stem-cell response to sugars added to cultured ovaries, supporting an indirect hormonal mechanism. (hoshino2023circulatingfructoseregulates pages 9-11, hoshino2023circulatingfructoseregulates pages 7-9, hoshino2023circulatingfructoseregulates pages 6-7)
A July 2024 bioRxiv preprint by Kulshrestha et al. (DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.26.605306) explicitly identifies CG6084 as Akr1B and tests its knockdown individually in larval glia. Panglial Akr1B knockdown impaired postingestive glucose preference but not sorbitol preference; panneuronal knockdown did not reproduce the glucose defect. Knockdown of another reductase, CG10863/Akr2E3, also impaired glucose preference, and combined glial knockdown abolished it. Glial sorbitol-dehydrogenase knockdown affected both glucose and sorbitol preference. The proposed mechanism is glial conversion of glucose through sorbitol to fructose for detection by Gr43a-positive neurons; the reported choice assays used four replicates and 80 larvae per condition. This is valuable Ar1-specific RNAi evidence, but it remains a preprint, and a behavioral phenotype does not itself measure Ar1-catalyzed metabolite flux or exclude all indirect RNAi effects. (kulshrestha2024anessentialrole pages 4-9, kulshrestha2024anessentialrole pages 1-4)
The most firmly established cellular site of Ar1 requirement is the larval hemocyte during the infection-induced immune relay. The 2024 preprint additionally implicates larval central-nervous-system glia, with combined glial-subtype experiments pointing toward cortex and astrocyte-like glia. In contrast, the fat body is demonstrably a site of downstream response in the immune and Mondo studies, not necessarily the essential site of Ar1 catalysis in those experiments. Circulating sorbitol and galactitol act in the hemolymph. (yang2019sugaralcoholsof pages 6-7, kulshrestha2024anessentialrole pages 4-9, sano2022thepolyolpathway pages 8-11)
Subcellular localization is unresolved. Although Yang et al. refer to aldose reductase as secreted and detect increased reductase activity in hemolymph, the reviewed evidence does not directly show where CG6084 protein resides within hemocytes or glia, or demonstrate secretion of intact Ar1 by protein imaging or secretion-specific assays. Consequently, a confident annotation is “hemocyte-associated—and provisionally glial—aldo-keto reductase supporting production of circulating metabolites,” not “experimentally proven extracellular Ar1.” (yang2019sugaralcoholsof pages 5-6, yang2019sugaralcoholsof pages 11-12)
The source UniProt record lists several EC assignments, but the studies examined here most clearly connect Ar1 to polyol-pathway aldose reduction. In particular, neither the in-vivo metabolite changes nor complementation by human AKR1B10 supplies an Ar1-specific Km, kcat, glucose/galactose preference ratio, or a validated enzyme-by-enzyme accounting of every annotated EC activity. The 2019 proposal that CG6084 might also perform a prostaglandin/eicosanoid reductase reaction is based on computational similarity to mammalian AKRs; it is not an experimentally demonstrated physiological function of fly Ar1. A defensible functional annotation therefore prioritizes glucose-to-sorbitol reduction and polyol-dependent signaling while marking additional substrates and exact protein localization as unresolved. (yang2019sugaralcoholsof pages 5-6, scarpati2019acombinedcomputational pages 16-17, scarpati2019acombinedcomputational pages 7-8)
Overall assessment: CG6084/Ar1 is a genuine D. melanogaster AKR with particularly strong gene-specific genetic evidence in hemocytes, broader double-mutant evidence for glucose-derived polyol signaling, and newer preprint-level evidence in glia. The clearest remaining experiments would assay purified fly Ar1 against defined substrates and cofactors, measure Ar1-specific metabolic flux separately from CG10638, and image or biochemically localize the native protein. (yang2019sugaralcoholsof pages 6-7, sano2022thepolyolpathway pages 4-6, kulshrestha2024anessentialrole pages 4-9, yang2019sugaralcoholsof pages 5-6)
References
(yang2019sugaralcoholsof pages 5-6): Shuo Yang, Yaya Zhao, Junjing Yu, Zhiqin Fan, Si-tang Gong, Hong Tang, and Lei Pan. Sugar alcohols of polyol pathway serve as alarmins to mediate local-systemic innate immune communication in drosophila. Cell host & microbe, 26:240-251.e8, Aug 2019. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2019.07.001, doi:10.1016/j.chom.2019.07.001. This article has 47 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(scarpati2019acombinedcomputational pages 4-5): Michael Scarpati, Yan Qi, Shubha Govind, and Shaneen Singh. A combined computational strategy of sequence and structural analysis predicts the existence of a functional eicosanoid pathway in drosophila melanogaster. PLoS ONE, 14:e0211897, Feb 2019. URL: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211897, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0211897. This article has 39 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
(sano2022thepolyolpathway pages 4-6): Hiroko Sano, Akira Nakamura, Mariko Yamane, Hitoshi Niwa, Takashi Nishimura, Kimi Araki, Kazumasa Takemoto, Kei-ichiro Ishiguro, Hiroki Aoki, and Masayasu Kojima. The polyol pathway is an evolutionarily conserved system for sensing glucose uptake. PLoS Biology, Sep 2022. URL: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001678, doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3001678. This article has 36 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(barski2008thealdoketoreductase pages 5-6): Oleg A. Barski, Srinivas M. Tipparaju, and Aruni Bhatnagar. The aldo-keto reductase superfamily and its role in drug metabolism and detoxification. Drug Metabolism Reviews, 40:553-624, Jan 2008. URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/03602530802431439, doi:10.1080/03602530802431439. This article has 713 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
(scarpati2019acombinedcomputational pages 7-8): Michael Scarpati, Yan Qi, Shubha Govind, and Shaneen Singh. A combined computational strategy of sequence and structural analysis predicts the existence of a functional eicosanoid pathway in drosophila melanogaster. PLoS ONE, 14:e0211897, Feb 2019. URL: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211897, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0211897. This article has 39 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
(barski2008thealdoketoreductase pages 4-5): Oleg A. Barski, Srinivas M. Tipparaju, and Aruni Bhatnagar. The aldo-keto reductase superfamily and its role in drug metabolism and detoxification. Drug Metabolism Reviews, 40:553-624, Jan 2008. URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/03602530802431439, doi:10.1080/03602530802431439. This article has 713 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
(yang2019sugaralcoholsof pages 6-7): Shuo Yang, Yaya Zhao, Junjing Yu, Zhiqin Fan, Si-tang Gong, Hong Tang, and Lei Pan. Sugar alcohols of polyol pathway serve as alarmins to mediate local-systemic innate immune communication in drosophila. Cell host & microbe, 26:240-251.e8, Aug 2019. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2019.07.001, doi:10.1016/j.chom.2019.07.001. This article has 47 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(hoshino2023circulatingfructoseregulates pages 9-11): Ryo Hoshino, Hiroko Sano, Yuto Yoshinari, Takashi Nishimura, and Ryusuke Niwa. Circulating fructose regulates a germline stem cell increase via gustatory receptor–mediated gut hormone secretion in mated drosophila. Science Advances, Feb 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.add5551, doi:10.1126/sciadv.add5551. This article has 26 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(kulshrestha2024anessentialrole pages 4-9): Divita Kulshrestha, Charlotte Koch, Majid Khalilov, and Stefanie Schirmeier. An essential role for glial cells in postingestive nutrient sensing. bioRxiv, Jul 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.26.605306, doi:10.1101/2024.07.26.605306. This article has 0 citations.
(yang2019sugaralcoholsof pages 7-10): Shuo Yang, Yaya Zhao, Junjing Yu, Zhiqin Fan, Si-tang Gong, Hong Tang, and Lei Pan. Sugar alcohols of polyol pathway serve as alarmins to mediate local-systemic innate immune communication in drosophila. Cell host & microbe, 26:240-251.e8, Aug 2019. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2019.07.001, doi:10.1016/j.chom.2019.07.001. This article has 47 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(yang2019sugaralcoholsof pages 11-12): Shuo Yang, Yaya Zhao, Junjing Yu, Zhiqin Fan, Si-tang Gong, Hong Tang, and Lei Pan. Sugar alcohols of polyol pathway serve as alarmins to mediate local-systemic innate immune communication in drosophila. Cell host & microbe, 26:240-251.e8, Aug 2019. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2019.07.001, doi:10.1016/j.chom.2019.07.001. This article has 47 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(scarpati2019acombinedcomputational pages 16-17): Michael Scarpati, Yan Qi, Shubha Govind, and Shaneen Singh. A combined computational strategy of sequence and structural analysis predicts the existence of a functional eicosanoid pathway in drosophila melanogaster. PLoS ONE, 14:e0211897, Feb 2019. URL: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211897, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0211897. This article has 39 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
(scarpati2019acombinedcomputational pages 14-16): Michael Scarpati, Yan Qi, Shubha Govind, and Shaneen Singh. A combined computational strategy of sequence and structural analysis predicts the existence of a functional eicosanoid pathway in drosophila melanogaster. PLoS ONE, 14:e0211897, Feb 2019. URL: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211897, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0211897. This article has 39 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
(sano2022thepolyolpathway pages 8-11): Hiroko Sano, Akira Nakamura, Mariko Yamane, Hitoshi Niwa, Takashi Nishimura, Kimi Araki, Kazumasa Takemoto, Kei-ichiro Ishiguro, Hiroki Aoki, and Masayasu Kojima. The polyol pathway is an evolutionarily conserved system for sensing glucose uptake. PLoS Biology, Sep 2022. URL: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001678, doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3001678. This article has 36 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(hoshino2023circulatingfructoseregulates pages 6-7): Ryo Hoshino, Hiroko Sano, Yuto Yoshinari, Takashi Nishimura, and Ryusuke Niwa. Circulating fructose regulates a germline stem cell increase via gustatory receptor–mediated gut hormone secretion in mated drosophila. Science Advances, Feb 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.add5551, doi:10.1126/sciadv.add5551. This article has 26 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(hoshino2023circulatingfructoseregulates pages 11-12): Ryo Hoshino, Hiroko Sano, Yuto Yoshinari, Takashi Nishimura, and Ryusuke Niwa. Circulating fructose regulates a germline stem cell increase via gustatory receptor–mediated gut hormone secretion in mated drosophila. Science Advances, Feb 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.add5551, doi:10.1126/sciadv.add5551. This article has 26 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(kulshrestha2024anessentialrole pages 9-11): Divita Kulshrestha, Charlotte Koch, Majid Khalilov, and Stefanie Schirmeier. An essential role for glial cells in postingestive nutrient sensing. bioRxiv, Jul 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.26.605306, doi:10.1101/2024.07.26.605306. This article has 0 citations.
(yang2019sugaralcoholsof pages 1-2): Shuo Yang, Yaya Zhao, Junjing Yu, Zhiqin Fan, Si-tang Gong, Hong Tang, and Lei Pan. Sugar alcohols of polyol pathway serve as alarmins to mediate local-systemic innate immune communication in drosophila. Cell host & microbe, 26:240-251.e8, Aug 2019. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2019.07.001, doi:10.1016/j.chom.2019.07.001. This article has 47 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(sano2022thepolyolpathway pages 6-8): Hiroko Sano, Akira Nakamura, Mariko Yamane, Hitoshi Niwa, Takashi Nishimura, Kimi Araki, Kazumasa Takemoto, Kei-ichiro Ishiguro, Hiroki Aoki, and Masayasu Kojima. The polyol pathway is an evolutionarily conserved system for sensing glucose uptake. PLoS Biology, Sep 2022. URL: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001678, doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3001678. This article has 36 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(hoshino2023circulatingfructoseregulates pages 7-9): Ryo Hoshino, Hiroko Sano, Yuto Yoshinari, Takashi Nishimura, and Ryusuke Niwa. Circulating fructose regulates a germline stem cell increase via gustatory receptor–mediated gut hormone secretion in mated drosophila. Science Advances, Feb 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.add5551, doi:10.1126/sciadv.add5551. This article has 26 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(kulshrestha2024anessentialrole pages 1-4): Divita Kulshrestha, Charlotte Koch, Majid Khalilov, and Stefanie Schirmeier. An essential role for glial cells in postingestive nutrient sensing. bioRxiv, Jul 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.26.605306, doi:10.1101/2024.07.26.605306. This article has 0 citations.