Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms
Manual transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to orthologs by curator judgment of sequence similarity
Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees
Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Subcellular Location vocabulary mapping, accompanied by conservative changes to GO terms applied by UniProt
Gene Ontology annotation based on curation of immunofluorescence data
Automatic assignment of GO terms using logical inference, based on on inter-ontology links
Electronic Gene Ontology annotations created by ARBA machine learning models
Combined Automated Annotation using Multiple IEA Methods
Cutting edge: recognition of Gram-positive bacterial cell wall components by the innate immune system occurs via Toll-like receptor 2.
The repertoire for pattern recognition of pathogens by the innate immune system is defined by cooperation between toll-like receptors.
Lipopolysaccharide is in close proximity to each of the proteins in its membrane receptor complex. transfer from CD14 to TLR4 and MD-2.
Cooperation of Toll-like receptor 2 and 6 for cellular activation by soluble tuberculosis factor and Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface protein A lipoprotein: role of Toll-interacting protein and IL-1 receptor signaling molecules in Toll-like receptor 2 signaling.
Toll-like receptors as sensors of pathogens.
Role of MD-2 in TLR2- and TLR4-mediated recognition of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and activation of chemokine genes.
Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 surface expressions on human monocytes are modulated by interferon-gamma and macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
The extracellular toll-like receptor 2 domain directly binds peptidoglycan derived from Staphylococcus aureus.
Expression of functional Toll-like receptor 2 on human epidermal keratinocytes.
Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus activates immune cells via Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), and CD14, whereas TLR-4 and MD-2 are not involved.
The 19-kDa Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein induces macrophage apoptosis through Toll-like receptor-2.
Microglia initiate central nervous system innate and adaptive immune responses through multiple TLRs.
TRIP6 is a RIP2-associated common signaling component of multiple NF-kappaB activation pathways.
Human TLR10 is a functional receptor, expressed by B cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, which activates gene transcription through MyD88.
Localization of TLR2 and MyD88 to Chlamydia trachomatis inclusions. Evidence for signaling by intracellular TLR2 during infection with an obligate intracellular pathogen.
The Wingless homolog WNT5A and its receptor Frizzled-5 regulate inflammatory responses of human mononuclear cells induced by microbial stimulation.
The mycobacterial 38-kilodalton glycolipoprotein antigen activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and release of proinflammatory cytokines through Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in human monocytes.
Membrane sorting of toll-like receptor (TLR)-2/6 and TLR2/1 heterodimers at the cell surface determines heterotypic associations with CD36 and intracellular targeting.
Structural and functional evidence for the role of the TLR2 DD loop in TLR1/TLR2 heterodimerization and signaling.
Execution of macrophage apoptosis by PE_PGRS33 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is mediated by Toll-like receptor 2-dependent release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
Extracellular heat shock protein 70 mediates heat stress-induced epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation in A431 carcinoma cells.
Maintenance of colonic homeostasis by distinctive apical TLR9 signalling in intestinal epithelial cells.
Crystal structure of the TLR1-TLR2 heterodimer induced by binding of a tri-acylated lipopeptide.
Pathogen induction of CXCR4/TLR2 cross-talk impairs host defense function.
A TIR domain variant of MyD88 adapter-like (Mal)/TIRAP results in loss of MyD88 binding and reduced TLR2/TLR4 signaling.
Modulation of TLR2 protein expression by miR-105 in human oral keratinocytes.
Cultured human melanocytes express functional toll-like receptors 2-4, 7 and 9.
The PPE18 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis interacts with TLR2 and activates IL-10 induction in macrophage.
Recognition of lipopeptide patterns by Toll-like receptor 2-Toll-like receptor 6 heterodimer.
Increased toll-like receptor (TLR) activation and TLR ligands in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetic subjects.
Identification of Drosophila Yin and PEPT2 as evolutionarily conserved phagosome-associated muramyl dipeptide transporters.
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma upregulated factor promotes metastasis by regulating TLR/CXCR4 activation.
TLR2 is a primary receptor for Alzheimer's amyloid β peptide to trigger neuroinflammatory activation.
Isolated Toll-like receptor transmembrane domains are capable of oligomerization.
TMEM59 defines a novel ATG16L1-binding motif that promotes local activation of LC3.
Divergent roles of amino acid residues inside and outside the BB loop affect human Toll-like receptor (TLR)2/2, TLR2/1 and TLR2/6 responsiveness.
Proinflammatory stimuli induce galectin-9 in human mesenchymal stromal cells to suppress T-cell proliferation.
The mammalian-membrane two-hybrid assay (MaMTH) for probing membrane-protein interactions in human cells.
Expression of Beta-Defensin 131 Promotes an Innate Immune Response in Human Prostate Epithelial Cells.
MiR-19 suppresses fibroblast-like synoviocytes cytokine release by targeting toll like receptor 2 in rheumatoid arthritis.
Selective disruption of TLR2-MyD88 interaction inhibits inflammation and attenuates Alzheimer's pathology.
Extensive rewiring of the EGFR network in colorectal cancer cells expressing transforming levels of KRAS(G13D).
Chikungunya virus infection induces differential inflammatory and antiviral responses in human monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages.
Structural and functional understanding of the toll-like receptors.
MyD88 forms a complex with TIRAP:activated TLR2/4
IRAK4 binds to the activated TLR receptor:TIRAP:MyD88 complex
IRAK1 or IRAK2 binds to the activated IRAK4 :activated TLR:MyD88:TIRAP complex
First phosphorylation of IRAK1 by IRAK4 bound to activated TLR:MyD88:Mal
Second phosphorylation of IRAK1 by IRAK4 bound to activated TLR:MyD88:TIRAP
Multiple IRAK1 autophosphorylation steps
Dissociation of hp-IRAK1:TRAF6 from the activated TLR:oligo-Myd88:TIRAP:p-IRAK4 complex
TLR6:TLR2 is recruited to ligand:CD14:CD36
TLR1:TLR2 is recruited to ligand:CD14
Beta defensin 103 activates TLR1:TLR2
Activated TLR2/4 interacts with MAL (TIRAP)
TIRAP is phosphorylated by BTK
Dissociation of p-IRAK2:TRAF6 from the activated TLR:oligo-Myd88:TIRAP:p-IRAK4 complex
Activated TLR2/4:TIRAP interacts with BTK
SFTPA/SFTPD binds TLR2:TLR1
Defective IRAK4 does not bind MyD88:MAL:BTK:activated TLR2/4
Defective MyD88 does not oligomerize within the activated TLR2/4 complex
Defective MyD88 does not bind MAL(TIRAP):TLR2/4
Exocytosis of secretory granule membrane proteins
IRAK4 autophosphorylation in the complex with activated TLR:MyD88:TIRAP
Phosphorylation of IRAK2 bound to the activated IRAK4:MyD88 oligomer:TIRAP:activated TLR complex
MyD88 oligomerization within the complex of activated TLR:TIRAP:MyD88
TLR2:TLR1 binds SARS-CoV-2 E pentamer