Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms
Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees
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cmd-1 has no current ISO annotations in GOA; the orthology-style transfer set for this gene is IBA rather than ISO.
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The IBA annotations capture conserved calmodulin properties such as calcium ion binding, cytoplasmic localization, and broad enzyme-regulatory function.
Electronic Gene Ontology annotations created by ARBA machine learning models
Functional analysis of the single calmodulin gene in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans by RNA interference and 4-D microscopy.
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cmd-1 RNAi causes severe embryonic lethality with disturbed morphogenesis.
"RNAi microinjection approach results in a severe embryonic lethal phenotype. Embryos show disturbed morphogenesis"
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cmd-1 RNAi embryos show aberrant cell migration patterns, hyperproliferation, and multiple defects in apoptosis.
"Embryos show disturbed morphogenesis, aberrant cell migration patterns, a striking hyperproliferation of cells and multiple defects in apoptosis."
Cytokinesis is not controlled by calmodulin or myosin light chain kinase in the Caenorhabditis elegans early embryo.
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cmd-1 depletion does not block cytokinesis in early embryos.
"RNA mediated interference against C. elegans calmodulin and candidate MLCKs had no effect on cytokinesis in wild-type or RhoK mutant embryos"
NuMA-related LIN-5, ASPM-1, calmodulin and dynein promote meiotic spindle rotation independently of cortical LIN-5/GPR/Galpha.
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CMD-1 works with ASPM-1 and LIN-5 in a spindle-pole complex.
"ASPM-1, together with calmodulin (CMD-1), promotes meiotic spindle organization and the accumulation of LIN-5 at meiotic and mitotic spindle poles."
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CMD-1 promotes meiotic spindle organization and spindle rotation during maternal meiosis.
"Spindle rotation during maternal meiosis is independent of GPR-1/2 and Galpha, yet requires LIN-5, ASPM-1, CMD-1 and dynein."
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CMD-1 promotes accumulation of LIN-5 at meiotic and mitotic spindle poles.
"ASPM-1, together with calmodulin (CMD-1), promotes meiotic spindle organization and the accumulation of LIN-5 at meiotic and mitotic spindle poles."
Neuronal calmodulin levels are controlled by CAMTA transcription factors.
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cmd-1 expression is reduced across multiple neuronal cell types in camt-1 mutants.
"cmd-1 was one of only two genes whose expression was reduced in all four neural profiles relative to WT controls."
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High CMD-1 levels can repress expression from the cmd-1 promoter, indicating autoregulatory feedback.
"high levels of CMD-1 can repress expression from the cmd-1 promoter"
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Supplementing neuronal CMD-1 rescues chemotaxis and neuronal calcium-signaling defects in the CAMT-1 regulatory context.
"restored normal chemotaxis toward salt, benzaldehyde, and diacetyl"
Ca(2+)/Calmodulin-binding proteins from the C. elegans proteome.
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Calmodulin is described as the primary calcium sensor that regulates a wide variety of cellular processes in eukaryotes.
"Calmodulin (CaM) is the primary Ca(2+)-sensor that regulates a wide variety of cellular processes in eukaryotes."
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The study identified multiple Ca2+/calmodulin-binding proteins from the C. elegans proteome, reinforcing CMD-1's role as a broad calcium- dependent target binder.
"The method allowed the identification of 9 known and 47 previously uncharacterized Ca(2+)-dependent CaM-binding proteins from the adult worm proteome."
UniProt record for C. elegans cmd-1
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UniProt records four functional calcium-binding sites in CMD-1.
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UniProt states that calmodulin mediates control of many enzymes, ion channels, and other proteins by Ca2+.
CDK-1 inhibits meiotic spindle shortening and dynein-dependent spindle rotation in C. elegans.
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CDK-1 gates meiotic spindle rotation by blocking dynein association with microtubules and with the LIN-5-ASPM-1 (with CMD-1) module at spindle poles.
"rotation by inhibiting dynein association with microtubules and with"
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APC-driven CDK-1 inactivation relieves this block, allowing dynein accumulation and spindle rotation.
"LIN-5-ASPM-1 at meiotic spindle poles and that the APC promotes spindle rotation"
Caenorhabditis elegans phosphatase complexes in UniProtKB and Complex Portal.
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Expert curation places CMD-1 (calmodulin) in the C. elegans calcineurin phosphatase complex together with the catalytic subunit TAX-6 and regulatory subunit CNB-1, consistent with canonical Ca2+/CaM-dependent calcineurin activation.
"biological significance of phosphatase"
Human calmodulin mutations cause arrhythmia and affect neuronal function in C. elegans.
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Humanized cmd-1 alleles carrying pathogenic human calmodulin variants (N54I, D96V) disrupt rhythmic behaviors (pharynx pumping and the defecation motor program), providing an in vivo CMD-1 functional readout for calmodulinopathy.
"calmodulin mutations N54I and D96V can be recapitulated in disruption of two"
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The same variants affect neuronal function differently (D96V sensitizes the neuromuscular junction; N54I is protective), and N98S impairs chemosensing without affecting rhythmic behavior.
"Whereas D96V sensitizes signaling at the neuromuscular junction, N54I has"
Proton signaling links epithelial sensing to neural control of host defense in C. elegans.
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In intestinal epithelial cells, pathogen-stimulated Ca2+ influx through GON-2 activates the Na+/H+ exchanger NHX-6 via the calmodulin CMD-1, driving basolateral proton release that signals to cholinergic neurons through ASIC-1.
"exchanger NHX-6 via the calmodulin CMD-1 to drive basolateral proton release."
Falcon deep research report for C. elegans cmd-1 (calmodulin)
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cmd-1 is the single C. elegans calmodulin gene encoding the conserved intracellular Ca2+ sensor CMD-1.
"encoding the Ca2+-binding messenger protein **CMD-1**"
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CMD-1 acts within a spindle-pole module with ASPM-1 and LIN-5 to recruit dynein and drive meiotic spindle rotation; cmd-1(RNAi) abolishes meiosis I spindle rotation.
"CMD-1 acts with ASPM-1/LIN-5 to recruit dynein and drive meiotic spindle rotation"
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CMD-1 is the Ca2+/CaM activator component of the worm calcineurin phosphatase complex (TAX-6 catalytic, CNB-1 regulatory).
"CMD-1 is part of the calcineurin activation complex (TAX-6/CNB-1/CMD-1)"
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Neuronal CMD-1 abundance is a limiting, transcriptionally controlled determinant of sensory-neuron excitability and behavior.
"reduced CaM levels are associated with hyperexcitable Ca2+ responses in sensory neurons"
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CMD-1 couples intestinal epithelial Ca2+ influx to NHX-6 activation and proton release in a gut-to-neuron host-defense pathway.
"CMD-1 couples Ca2+ influx in intestinal epithelial cells to NHX-6 activation and proton release"