Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees
Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot keyword mapping
Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Subcellular Location vocabulary mapping, accompanied by conservative changes to GO terms applied by UniProt.
Combined Automated Annotation using Multiple IEA Methods.
Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exosomes.
Defining the membrane proteome of NK cells.
NPP4 is a procoagulant enzyme on the surface of vascular endothelium.
Exocytosis of ficolin-rich granule membrane proteins
Deep research on ENPP4 function
Falcon deep research on ENPP4 (Borza 2022 and Imam 2024 synthesis)
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ENPP4 is a type I single-pass membrane protein with the signature PDE domain, acting at the endothelial cell surface to hydrolyze diadenosine polyphosphates.
"ENPP4 is described as a **type I single-pass membrane protein** that **only possesses the signature PDE (phosphodiesterase) domain**"
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ENPP4 substrate-product pairs (Ap3A to ADP+AMP; Ap4A to ATP+AMP), with comparatively weak ATPase activity vs ENPP1, due to absence of the ENPP1-characteristic lysine claw.
"ENPP4 can use **ATP and Ap3A** as substrates, but **ATP hydrolysis by ENPP4 is negligible compared with ENPP1**, whereas **Ap3A hydrolysis by ENPP4 is comparable** to ENPP1 and ENPP2"
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Family-canonical catalytic mechanism using two Zn2+ ions and a conserved threonine nucleophile.
"a shallow active-site groove containing **two catalytic Zn2+ ions** and a conserved **threonine nucleophile**"