RAC1 (human, P63000) curation notes

Deep research providers were unavailable in this environment; evidence below is from cached
publications and the UniProt record.

Localization (benchmark-relevant)

• RAC1 is an intracellular protein: prenylated at Cys189 and attached to the inner (cytoplasmic)
  leaflet of the plasma membrane, with a soluble RhoGDI-bound cytosolic pool. UniProt:
  SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane ...; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side and
  "Note=Inner surface of plasma membrane possibly with attachment requiring prenylation of the
  C-terminal cysteine". It is NOT exposed on the cell surface.
• Functional sub-locations accepted: cytosol, cell cortex, lamellipodium, ruffle membrane,
  postsynapse/glutamatergic synapse, NADPH oxidase complex (recorded as in_complex).
• cytoplasm marked TOO_GENERAL (entailed by cytosol/plasma membrane/lamellipodium);
  membrane and cytoskeleton modified to the specific supported terms; pericentriolar material
  and kinocilium marked over-annotated.
• Nuclear pool retained as non-core: PMID:12551911

Core activities

1. GTPase switch driving branched actin polymerization, lamellipodia/ruffles, spreading, polarity
   and migration. UniProt: "small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive
   GDP-bound states"; "In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins".
   PMID:9312003; [PMID:19625648 neutrophil chemotaxis].
2. NADPH oxidase subunit: UniProt "Subunit of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase complex that mediates the
   transfer of electrons from cytosolic NADPH to O2 to produce the superoxide anion"
   PMID:38355798; Nox1 regulation PMID:16636067.
3. Postsynaptic spine morphogenesis at glutamatergic synapses (UniProt, hippocampal neurons,
   ARHGEF6/7-dependent local activation).

Review decisions

• 84 generic GO:0005515 rows REMOVEd under the protein-binding policy; the informative binding
  terms (GTP-dependent protein binding, protein kinase binding, RhoGDI binding) were accepted.
• Pleiotropic organismal/tissue outputs (forebrain development, insulin secretion, ovarian follicle
  development, heart morphogenesis, neuron migration, cytokine regulation) kept as non-core.
• GO:0046425 regulation of JAK-STAT marked over-annotated.
• GO:0035556 intracellular signal transduction marked TOO_GENERAL beside Rac protein signal
  transduction.