"acr-associated promoter drives high levels of acr transcription immediately after phage DNA injection and that Aca proteins subsequently repress this transcription"

"Aca1 is a repressor of anti-CRISPR transcription...The ubiquity of the association between Aca proteins and anti-CRISPRs implies that Aca proteins play a crucial role in anti-CRISPR systems"

"the repressor activity of Aca1 is essential for phage survival irrespective of CRISPR-Cas"

"we obtained the structures of Csy complex bound with its inhibitors: AcrF9, AcrF8, or AcrF6, with the overall resolution of 2.57 Å, 3.42 Å, or 3.15 Å, respectively"

"AcrF8 is a 92-residue protein, with a single copy occupying the cavity surrounded by Cas5f, Cas7.4–7.6f, and Cas8f"

"The distance between the residues T29, I31, A32, N33 of AcrF8 and the nucleobases of three nucleotides (U[+21], U[+22], G[+23]) of crRNA is less than 4 Å, which is close enough to form multiple hydrogen bonds and nonbonded interactions"

"we recombinantly expressed the AcrF8 containing a mutation at position 31 (I31A) or position 32 (A32G), which leads to an increase in the cleavage of DNA substrate compared with the WT AcrF8"

"the above three nucleotides are located just after the kink caused by the thumb of Cas7.5f, whose interactions with AcrF8 thereby form a continuous 4-nt region that would interfere with the DNA-crRNA hybridization"

"the HTH domain of the regulator Aca2, in addition to repressing Acr synthesis transcriptionally through DNA binding, inhibits translation of mRNAs by binding conserved RNA stem-loops and blocking ribosome access"

"rapid expression of phage anti-CRISPR (acr) genes upon infection enables evasion from CRISPR-Cas defence; transcription is then repressed by an HTH-domain-containing anti-CRISPR-associated (Aca) protein"