AGAMOUS (AG; At4g18960; UniProt P17839) encodes the canonical Arabidopsis C-class floral homeotic MIKC-type MADS-box transcription factor. AG contains an N-terminal MADS DNA-binding domain and a plant MADS K-box/coiled-coil region that supports homo- and heteromeric MADS protein complex formation. The protein acts primarily in the nucleus of developing floral meristems and inner floral whorls, where it binds CArG-containing cis-regulatory regions as part of AG/SEPALLATA-containing MADS complexes. Its core developmental roles are specification and development of stamens and carpels, maintenance of reproductive organ identity, and termination of floral meristem stem cell activity through transcriptional regulation, including repression of WUSCHEL and activation of downstream organogenesis and determinacy programs. PANTHER family PTHR48019 and InterPro signatures place AG in the MADS-box/MEF2 transcription factor family, consistent with the experimentally supported DNA-binding and dimerization functions.
| GO Term | Evidence | Action | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0006357 regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: AG is a sequence-specific MADS-box transcription factor that regulates RNA polymerase II transcriptional programs during floral organogenesis and floral meristem termination. Reason: This BP term accurately captures the central activity inferred from the PANTHER/IBA context and supported by Arabidopsis experimental evidence: AG binds regulatory DNA and controls expression of targets involved in stamen, carpel, and meristem determinacy programs. The term is broad but still represents AG's core regulatory role. Supporting Evidence: PMID:15634696 The AG target genes included most genes for which mutant screens revealed a function downstream of AG. PMID:29298836 AG then initiates reproductive development and at the same time antagonizes WUS activity to terminate meristem activity file:ARATH/AG/AG-deep-research-falcon.md AG functions in the nucleus (with detectable cytoplasmic pool) in developing floral meristems and inner whorls, where it forms SEPALLATA-containing dimers/tetramers that bind paired CArG boxes to regulate programs for stamen and carpel identity and to enforce floral meristem determinacy |
| GO:0000978 RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: AG binds sequence-specific cis-regulatory DNA, including CArG-box regulatory regions, as expected for a MADS-domain floral homeotic transcription factor. Reason: This is an appropriately specific molecular function for AG. Multiple lines of evidence support sequence-specific cis-regulatory DNA binding: the MADS domain, classic DNA-binding studies, AG target validation by in vitro and in vivo binding, and direct binding at the WUS locus. Supporting Evidence: PMID:15634696 Novel targets were validated by in situ hybridisation and binding to AG in vitro and in vivo. PMID:29298836 The binding of AG to the WUS locus mediates the recruitment of CURLY LEAF, a core component of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) |
| GO:0000977 RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding | IEA GO_REF:0000002 | ACCEPT | Summary: AG is a MADS-box factor that binds transcriptional regulatory DNA regions of RNA polymerase II-transcribed genes. Reason: Although this InterPro-derived annotation is electronic, it is consistent with direct AG evidence. AG binds DNA regulatory elements in target loci and controls Pol II-transcribed developmental genes. Supporting Evidence: PMID:15634696 Novel targets were validated by in situ hybridisation and binding to AG in vitro and in vivo. file:ARATH/AG/AG-uniprot.txt SUBUNIT: Homodimer, capable of binding to CArG-box sequences. |
| GO:0003677 DNA binding | IEA GO_REF:0000002 | MODIFY | Summary: AG does bind DNA, but the generic DNA binding term loses the important specificity that AG is a sequence-specific RNA polymerase II regulatory DNA-binding transcription factor. Reason: The annotation is directionally correct but too broad. It should be replaced by the more informative cis-regulatory, sequence-specific Pol II DNA-binding term already supported for AG. Proposed replacements: RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding Supporting Evidence: PMID:15634696 Novel targets were validated by in situ hybridisation and binding to AG in vitro and in vivo. PMID:29298836 The binding of AG to the WUS locus mediates the recruitment of CURLY LEAF, a core component of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) |
| GO:0003700 DNA-binding transcription factor activity | IEA GO_REF:0000002 | MODIFY | Summary: AG is a DNA-binding transcription factor, but the generic term should be made RNA polymerase II-specific. Reason: AG regulates nuclear developmental genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II. GO:0000981 better captures the same core molecular function with the appropriate Pol II specificity. Proposed replacements: DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific Supporting Evidence: PMID:1973265 The agamous gene therefore probably encodes a transcription factor that regulates genes determining stamen and carpel development in wild-type flowers. file:ARATH/AG/AG-uniprot.txt DR GO; GO:0000981; F:DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; IBA:GO_Central. |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | IEA GO_REF:0000002 | ACCEPT | Summary: Nuclear localization is consistent with AG's role as a transcription factor and with UniProt and experimental MADS-complex evidence. Reason: AG must access chromatin to carry out its core transcriptional regulatory function. The electronic InterPro-derived nucleus annotation is supported by UniProt and by experimental evidence that AG-containing MADS complexes operate in the nucleus. Supporting Evidence: file:ARATH/AG/AG-uniprot.txt SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. PMID:22238427 Based on our in vitro EMSA studies, we propose that different heteromeric MADS-domain protein complexes can coexist within the nucleus |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | IEA GO_REF:0000044 | ACCEPT | Summary: UniProt maps AG to the nucleus, matching its chromatin-associated transcription factor function. Reason: This conservative UniProt subcellular-location mapping is well aligned with AG's DNA-binding transcription factor activity and with in planta evidence for nuclear MADS-domain complexes. Supporting Evidence: file:ARATH/AG/AG-uniprot.txt SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. file:ARATH/AG/AG-deep-research-falcon.md AG:GFP signal is observed in nuclei (consistent with transcription factor function) but also shows a substantial cytoplasmic pool during early floral development stages in live tissues |
| GO:0006355 regulation of DNA-templated transcription | IEA GO_REF:0000002 | MODIFY | Summary: AG regulates transcription, but this parent term is less specific than the Pol II transcription regulation term already present for AG. Reason: In a eukaryotic nuclear transcription factor context, GO:0006357 is the more precise BP term. AG regulates Pol II target genes during floral organogenesis and meristem termination. Proposed replacements: regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Supporting Evidence: PMID:15634696 To understand the program of gene expression activated by AG, we followed genome-wide expression during early stamen and carpel development. PMID:29298836 AG then initiates reproductive development and at the same time antagonizes WUS activity to terminate meristem activity |
| GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | IEA GO_REF:0000002 | ACCEPT | Summary: AG activates a substantial part of the early reproductive organogenesis transcriptional program, although AG also has repressive targets such as WUS. Reason: The annotation is supported as one arm of AG function: AG induces downstream genes and positive-feedback components during stamen and carpel development. It should not be read as AG's only transcriptional effect, because AG also mediates repression during meristem termination. Supporting Evidence: PMID:15634696 The results also suggest that AG and other homeotic proteins with which it interacts (SEPALLATA3, APETALA3, PISTILLATA) are coordinately regulated in a positive-feedback loop to maintain their own expression file:ARATH/AG/AG-uniprot.txt Induces microsporogenesis through the activation of SPL/NZZ (PubMed:15254538). |
| GO:0046983 protein dimerization activity | IEA GO_REF:0000002 | ACCEPT | Summary: AG forms homo- and heteromeric MADS-domain complexes through MADS/K-box mediated interactions; this complex formation is functionally important for DNA binding specificity and floral organ identity. Reason: Protein dimerization is a core molecular property of AG rather than a generic incidental interaction. UniProt records AG homodimerization and heterodimerization with SEPALLATA/AGL proteins, and experimental studies support SEP-dependent multimeric AG-containing complexes. Supporting Evidence: file:ARATH/AG/AG-uniprot.txt SUBUNIT: Homodimer, capable of binding to CArG-box sequences. Forms a heterodimer via the K-box domain with either SEPALATTA1/AGL2, SEPALATTA2/AGL4, SEPALLATA3/AGL9 or AGL6. PMID:9418042 The K domain of AG alone was able to bind the K domains of these AGLs. PMID:14555696 We also show that STK, AG, SHP1, and SHP2 can form multimeric complexes and that these interactions require the SEPALLATA (SEP) MADS-box proteins. |
| GO:0048440 carpel development | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | ACCEPT | Summary: AG is required for normal carpel development and acts as the Arabidopsis C-class floral homeotic regulator for inner-whorl reproductive organ identity. Reason: The ARBA annotation is correct despite being electronically assigned. AG's role in carpel development is supported by classic mutant evidence, later target-gene studies, and MADS-complex studies. Supporting Evidence: PMID:1973265 The agamous gene therefore probably encodes a transcription factor that regulates genes determining stamen and carpel development in wild-type flowers. PMID:14555696 The AGAMOUS (AG) gene is necessary for stamen and carpel development file:ARATH/AG/AG-uniprot.txt Is required for normal development of stamens and carpels in the wild-type flower. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:14555696 MADS-box protein complexes control carpel and ovule developm... | MODIFY | Summary: This PMID supports AG participation in SEP-dependent multimeric MADS-box complexes, not a useful standalone generic protein binding function. Reason: The evidence is real, but the GO term is too generic. The more informative replacement is heterodimerization/dimerization activity of AG within MADS-domain floral complexes. Proposed replacements: protein heterodimerization activity protein dimerization activity Supporting Evidence: PMID:14555696 We also show that STK, AG, SHP1, and SHP2 can form multimeric complexes and that these interactions require the SEPALLATA (SEP) MADS-box proteins. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:15604664 Defining subdomains of the K domain important for protein-pr... | MODIFY | Summary: This IntAct row records an AG-SEP3 interaction from a study of K-domain subdomains in floral MADS protein interactions. The AG-SEP3 interaction is well established, and generic protein binding should be made specific. Reason: The cached abstract does not show the AG-specific data, but the GOA partner is SEP3 (O22456), a MIKC-type MADS protein. AG-SEP3 heterodimerization through the K domain is independently established and is how AG joins floral quartet complexes. Protein heterodimerization activity is the informative replacement for generic protein binding. The curated interaction is not in dispute. Proposed replacements: protein heterodimerization activity Supporting Evidence: PMID:15604664 The MADS proteins APETALA3 (AP3), PISTILLATA (PI), SEPALLATAI (SEPI), SEP2, SEP3, AGAMOUS, and APETALA are required for proper floral organ identity in Arabidopsis flowers. PMID:11206550 and with AGAMOUS (AG, a class C protein) through SEP3 |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:15805477 Comprehensive interaction map of the Arabidopsis MADS Box tr... | MODIFY | Summary: The comprehensive MADS-box interactome supports specific MADS heterodimerization capacity, but generic protein binding is not an informative function term. Reason: This should be captured as MADS protein heterodimerization/dimerization rather than generic protein binding. The study reports specific heterodimers among Arabidopsis MADS-box transcription factors, and other AG evidence establishes functional complex formation. Proposed replacements: protein heterodimerization activity protein dimerization activity Supporting Evidence: PMID:15805477 A matrix-based yeast two-hybrid screen of >100 members of this family revealed a collection of specific heterodimers and a few homodimers. PMID:22238427 five major floral homeotic MADS-domain proteins (AP1, AP3, PI, AG, and SEP3) interact in floral tissues as proposed in the "floral quartet" model. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:36088536 The protein-protein interaction landscape of transcription f... | MODIFY | Summary: This IntAct row records an AG-SEP3 interaction from a gynoecium transcription factor interaction map. AG-SEP3 MADS heterodimerization is well established, so the generic term should be made specific. Reason: The cached abstract describes the global interaction map only, but the GOA partner is SEP3 (O22456), the main E-class MADS partner through which AG joins floral quartet complexes. Protein heterodimerization activity is the informative replacement for generic protein binding. The curated interaction is not in dispute. Proposed replacements: protein heterodimerization activity Supporting Evidence: PMID:36088536 We analyzed almost 4500 combinations and detected more than 250 protein-protein interactions (PPIs), resulting in a process-specific interaction map. PMID:22238427 five major floral homeotic MADS-domain proteins (AP1, AP3, PI, AG, and SEP3) interact in floral tissues as proposed in the "floral quartet" model. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:9418042 Specific interactions between the K domains of AG and AGLs, ... | MODIFY | Summary: This PMID specifically supports AG K-domain interactions with AGL/SEP proteins, but generic protein binding should be replaced by a dimerization term. Reason: The evidence supports specific AG heteromeric MADS protein interaction through the K domain, a mechanistically important property. GO:0005515 is too vague for this curated function. Proposed replacements: protein heterodimerization activity protein dimerization activity Supporting Evidence: PMID:9418042 Additional analysis showed that the K domain of AG alone was able to bind the K domains of these AGLs. PMID:9418042 These results strongly suggest that AG interacts with AGL2, AGL4, AGL6 and AGL9 in vivo. |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | ISM GO_REF:0000122 | ACCEPT | Summary: AtSubP-predicted nuclear localization is consistent with AG's validated transcription factor function and UniProt nuclear localization. Reason: Although the original evidence is computational, it is not an isolated claim: AG's function and other evidence strongly support nuclear localization. Supporting Evidence: file:ARATH/AG/AG-uniprot.txt SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. PMID:22238427 Based on our in vitro EMSA studies, we propose that different heteromeric MADS-domain protein complexes can coexist within the nucleus |
| GO:0003677 DNA binding | IDA PMID:29298836 At-MINI ZINC FINGER2 and Sl-INHIBITOR OF MERISTEM ACTIVITY, ... | MODIFY | Summary: The paper supports AG binding at the WUS locus, but the generic DNA binding term should be replaced by a sequence-specific Pol II regulatory DNA-binding term. Reason: The evidence is specific to AG binding regulatory chromatin in the floral meristem termination pathway. GO:0000978 better represents this than generic DNA binding. Proposed replacements: RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding Supporting Evidence: PMID:29298836 The MADS box transcription factor AG thus plays a central role in the repression of WUS during flower development, according to a two-step process. PMID:29298836 The binding of AG to the WUS locus mediates the recruitment of CURLY LEAF, a core component of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:11689012 Floral transcription factor AGAMOUS interacts in vitro with ... | REMOVE | Summary: AG interaction with FLOR1/VSP1 is documented, but the generic protein binding term is not informative and the physiological role is not well established by the cached abstract. Reason: The interaction evidence appears valid, but generic protein binding does not describe AG's transcription factor role, and the cached text does not clearly support a more precise GO molecular function term for the FLOR1/VSP1 interaction. Removal reflects the uninformative term, not doubt that the interaction occurs. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11689012 Coimmunoprecipitation, two-hybrid yeast, and affinity column assays show that the FLOR1-VSP1 complex interacts with AGAMOUS and that this transcription factor directly interacts with FLOR1. |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | IDA PMID:22238427 Characterization of MADS-domain transcription factor complex... | ACCEPT | Summary: The PNAS MADS-complex study supports nuclear AG-containing complexes, consistent with AG transcription factor function. Reason: This is an experimentally supported cellular component annotation. AG-containing MADS-domain complexes act on DNA and are discussed as coexisting within the nucleus. Supporting Evidence: PMID:22238427 Based on our in vitro EMSA studies, we propose that different heteromeric MADS-domain protein complexes can coexist within the nucleus PMID:22238427 MADS-domain proteins may also act in a combinatorial fashion with non-MADS transcriptional regulators. |
| GO:0048366 leaf development | IEP PMID:19755537 A single amino acid change in the enhancer of zeste ortholog... | REMOVE | Summary: This annotation appears to derive from AG misexpression/derepression in a Polycomb mutant context, not from AG's normal biological role in leaf development. Reason: AG is a floral homeotic regulator normally repressed outside reproductive floral domains. The cached paper is about CURLY LEAF effects on flowering and chromatin; it notes effects on AG expression but does not support AG as a normal regulator of leaf development. This is an over-transfer from ectopic expression/pleiotropy. Supporting Evidence: PMID:19755537 clf-59 causes hyperrepression of FLC expression with no noticeable effect on AG. PMID:19755537 In contrast, clf loss-of function mutants cause derepression of several genes, including AG, FLC, and FT |
| GO:0003677 DNA binding | IDA PMID:15634696 Transcriptional program controlled by the floral homeotic ge... | MODIFY | Summary: AG DNA binding is supported in this target-gene study, but generic DNA binding is less informative than cis-regulatory sequence-specific binding. Reason: The article validates AG target genes by in vitro and in vivo binding, which supports regulatory-region DNA binding by a Pol II transcription factor rather than undifferentiated DNA binding. Proposed replacements: RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding Supporting Evidence: PMID:15634696 Novel targets were validated by in situ hybridisation and binding to AG in vitro and in vivo. |
| GO:0003677 DNA binding | IDA PMID:8774892 DNA-binding properties of Arabidopsis MADS domain homeotic p... | MODIFY | Summary: PMID:8774892 is the direct DNA-binding study for Arabidopsis MADS-domain homeotic proteins and supports AG binding to CArG-box cis-regulatory DNA. The generic DNA binding term should be replaced by the more informative RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding term. Reason: The cached abstract states that AG homocomplexes bind CArG-box sequences and that AG recognizes DNA-binding sites, which is stronger and more specific than generic DNA binding. Use GO:0000978 to capture sequence-specific regulatory DNA binding by this MADS-domain transcription factor. Proposed replacements: RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding Supporting Evidence: PMID:8774892 AP1 and AG homocomplexes and AP3-PI heterocomplexes bind to CArG-box sequences. |
| GO:0003700 DNA-binding transcription factor activity | ISS PMID:12837945 Molecular and phylogenetic analyses of the complete MADS-box... | MODIFY | Summary: This family-level MADS-box study supports AG as a transcription factor, but the generic molecular function should be made Pol II-specific. Reason: The ISS annotation is consistent with AG's experimentally established MADS-box transcription factor function. GO:0000981 is a more precise replacement for the generic TF term. Proposed replacements: DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific Supporting Evidence: PMID:12837945 MADS-box transcription factors are key regulators of several plant development processes. PMID:1973265 The agamous gene therefore probably encodes a transcription factor that regulates genes determining stamen and carpel development in wild-type flowers. |
| GO:0048440 carpel development | IMP PMID:15634696 Transcriptional program controlled by the floral homeotic ge... | ACCEPT | Summary: The AG transcriptional program study supports AG involvement in early carpel development and validates downstream AG targets during stamen and carpel organogenesis. Reason: Carpel development is a core AG biological process. The mutant and target-gene evidence connect AG activity directly to early reproductive organogenesis. Supporting Evidence: PMID:15634696 In Arabidopsis, the homeotic gene AGAMOUS (AG) terminates meristem activity and promotes development of stamens and carpels. PMID:15634696 we followed genome-wide expression during early stamen and carpel development. |
| GO:0048443 stamen development | IMP PMID:15634696 Transcriptional program controlled by the floral homeotic ge... | ACCEPT | Summary: AG promotes stamen development as part of its C-class role in inner floral whorls and regulates early stamen organogenesis programs. Reason: This is a core AG biological process and is directly supported by the paper's genome-wide analysis of AG-controlled early stamen and carpel development. Supporting Evidence: PMID:15634696 In Arabidopsis, the homeotic gene AGAMOUS (AG) terminates meristem activity and promotes development of stamens and carpels. PMID:15634696 we followed genome-wide expression during early stamen and carpel development. |
| GO:0048497 maintenance of floral organ identity | IMP PMID:9090883 Determination of Arabidopsis floral meristem identity by AGA... | ACCEPT | Summary: AG is required for final floral meristem identity and the determinate floral state, consistent with maintenance of floral organ/floral meristem identity. Reason: The cached abstract directly supports AG as a developmental switch that changes reproductive meristem activity from indeterminate to determinate. This is a core developmental output of AG C-function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:9090883 AG function is required for the final definition of floral meristem identity PMID:9090883 AG is a principal developmental switch that controls the transition of meristem activity from indeterminate to determinate. |
| GO:0003700 DNA-binding transcription factor activity | ISS PMID:11118137 Arabidopsis transcription factors: genome-wide comparative a... | MODIFY | Summary: This broad Arabidopsis transcription factor survey supports AG's classification only indirectly; the generic term should be updated to the more specific Pol II transcription factor activity. Reason: The annotation is biologically correct but imprecise. AG is a nuclear MADS-box Pol II transcription factor, and GO:0000981 is the better molecular function term. Proposed replacements: DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific Supporting Evidence: PMID:11118137 Arabidopsis dedicates over 5% of its genome to code for more than 1500 transcription factors file:ARATH/AG/AG-uniprot.txt DR GO; GO:0000981; F:DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; IBA:GO_Central. |
| GO:0003700 DNA-binding transcription factor activity | TAS PMID:1973265 The protein encoded by the Arabidopsis homeotic gene agamous... | MODIFY | Summary: The original AG cloning paper supports AG as a transcription factor controlling stamen and carpel development, but current GO curation should use the Pol II-specific term. Reason: This is a historically important and valid annotation, but GO:0003700 is less specific than GO:0000981 for a plant nuclear transcription factor regulating Pol II developmental targets. Proposed replacements: DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific Supporting Evidence: PMID:1973265 The agamous gene therefore probably encodes a transcription factor that regulates genes determining stamen and carpel development in wild-type flowers. |
| GO:0010582 floral meristem determinacy | IMP PMID:15634696 Transcriptional program controlled by the floral homeotic ge... | NEW | Summary: AG is directly implicated in terminating floral meristem activity through repression of WUS and control of early floral organogenesis. Reason: Existing annotations capture AG roles in stamen, carpel, and floral-organ identity programs, but the core-function structure also needs an explicit floral meristem determinacy annotation to represent AG-dependent stem-cell termination. Supporting Evidence: PMID:15634696 In Arabidopsis, the homeotic gene AGAMOUS (AG) terminates meristem activity and promotes development of stamens and carpels. PMID:29298836 First, AG directly represses the WUS locus during the early stages of FM termination (stage 3) |
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Download this section (compressed HTML)Q: Which AG-bound regulatory elements and cofactors distinguish direct activation targets from direct repression targets during stages 3-6 of floral meristem termination?
Q: Which AG protein interactions beyond SEP-containing MADS complexes are physiologically required in vivo, and which are only detectable in interaction screens or in vitro assays?
Q: How much of the cytoplasmic AG pool reported in live imaging reflects regulated trafficking, protein storage, or experimental fusion behavior?
Experiment: Perform stage-resolved AG ChIP-seq or CUT&RUN in floral meristems, paired with rapid AG perturbation RNA-seq and chromatin mark profiling, to separate direct activation targets from direct repression targets such as WUS.
Hypothesis: Stage-specific AG binding and partner composition determine whether a target is activated or repressed.
Type: Time-resolved ChIP-seq and perturbation transcriptomics
Experiment: Test AG K-domain and SEP-interaction interface variants in ag mutant complementation lines, then compare floral phenotype, complex formation, and target-gene occupancy.
Hypothesis: SEP-dependent AG tetramerization is required for a subset of AG targets and for normal stamen/carpel identity.
Type: Structure-guided interaction rescue
Experiment: Use reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation or proximity labeling in staged floral tissue, followed by mutant or knockdown assays for candidate partners such as FLOR1/VSP1 and gynoecium TF-screen hits.
Hypothesis: Some non-MADS AG interactors from in vitro or high-throughput screens are context-specific cofactors rather than generic binding partners.
Type: In vivo validation of non-MADS AG interactors
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