ARF19 is an A-class Auxin Response Factor transcription factor that binds to auxin-responsive promoter elements (AuxREs; consensus TGTCTC) and activates transcription of downstream target genes including LBD16 and LBD29. It functions redundantly with ARF7 in lateral root formation, gravitropism, leaf expansion, and callus formation. ARF19 activity is regulated by AUX/IAA repressor proteins that are degraded via the SCFTIR1/AFB ubiquitin ligase complex upon auxin perception, releasing ARFs to activate transcription. ARF19 also integrates ethylene signaling in roots. The protein contains an N-terminal B3-type DNA binding domain, a glutamine-rich middle activation domain, and a C-terminal PB1 domain for homo/heterodimerization and interaction with AUX/IAA proteins.
| GO Term | Evidence | Action | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0000976 transcription cis-regulatory region binding | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: ARF19 binds specifically to auxin response elements (AuxREs) containing the TGTCTC motif in promoters of target genes. This is a core molecular function well supported by phylogenetic inference and experimental data from the ARF family [PMID:15659631, PMID:17259263]. Reason: ARF transcription factors bind to cis-regulatory AuxRE sequences. This is the fundamental molecular function of the ARF family and has been directly demonstrated for ARF7/ARF19. IBA annotation is appropriate given the conserved function across the ARF family. Supporting Evidence: PMID:17259263 ARF7 and ARF19 directly regulate the auxin-mediated transcription of LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES-DOMAIN16/ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2-LIKE18 (LBD16/ASL18) and/or LBD29/ASL16 in roots PMID:15659631 The AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF) gene family products, together with the AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID proteins, regulate auxin-mediated transcriptional activation/repression file:ARATH/ARF19/ARF19-deep-research-falcon.md ARF19 (At1g19220) is a nuclear A-class ARF transcription factor that binds composite AuxREs to regulate auxin-responsive gene expression, acting redundantly with ARF7 to control lateral root initiation via LBD/LOB genes and integrating ethylene signaling in roots. |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: ARF19 is a nuclear transcription factor. Nuclear localization is conserved across the ARF family and has been directly demonstrated for ARF19 [PMID:9342315, PMID:29184030]. Reason: Nuclear localization is the expected and verified location for a DNA-binding transcription factor. Multiple experimental studies confirm ARF19 nuclear localization. Supporting Evidence: PMID:29184030 ATXR2 was recruited to LBD promoters by the transcription factors AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 7 (ARF7) and ARF19 PMID:9342315 The Aux/IAA family of early genes encodes proteins that are short-lived and nuclear-localized |
| GO:0006355 regulation of DNA-templated transcription | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: ARF19 is a transcription factor that regulates transcription by binding to AuxREs. This is the core function of ARF proteins [PMID:15659631]. Reason: This is the primary biological process function of ARF19. As a transcription factor, regulation of transcription is its fundamental role. The IBA annotation reflects conserved function across the ARF family. Supporting Evidence: PMID:15659631 The AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF) gene family products, together with the AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID proteins, regulate auxin-mediated transcriptional activation/repression |
| GO:0009733 response to auxin | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: ARF19 mediates cellular responses to auxin by activating transcription of auxin-responsive genes upon release from AUX/IAA repression. This is a core function shared across ARF family members [PMID:15659631, PMID:16461383]. Reason: ARF19 is a key effector of auxin responses. Its transcriptional activity is released when auxin triggers degradation of AUX/IAA repressors. This is a core biological process annotation. Supporting Evidence: PMID:16461383 Both arf19 and arf7 mutants isolated from our forward genetic screens are auxin resistant PMID:15659631 Global gene expression analysis revealed that auxin-induced gene expression is severely impaired in the arf7 single and arf7 arf19 double mutants |
| GO:0010311 lateral root formation | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: ARF19 together with ARF7 is essential for lateral root formation in Arabidopsis. The arf7 arf19 double mutant is severely impaired in lateral root formation [PMID:15659631, PMID:17259263]. Reason: Lateral root formation is a well-established core function of ARF19. This is supported by extensive genetic evidence showing the arf7 arf19 double mutant phenotype. Supporting Evidence: PMID:15659631 arf7 arf19 has a strong auxin-related phenotype not observed in the arf7 and arf19 single mutants, including severely impaired lateral root formation PMID:17259263 The arf7 arf19 double knockout mutant is severely impaired in lateral root formation |
| GO:0048366 leaf development | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: ARF7 and ARF19 together promote leaf cell expansion. The arf7 arf19 double mutant shows decreased leaf cell expansion [PMID:15960621]. Reason: While ARF7/ARF19 do contribute to leaf development, this is a secondary pleiotropic effect. The primary core function is in lateral root formation and auxin-mediated transcription. Leaf development is a downstream consequence of their transcriptional activity. Supporting Evidence: PMID:15960621 in combination with mutations in NPH4/ARF7, encoding the most closely related ARF, they cause several phenotypes including a drastic decrease in lateral and adventitious root formation and a decrease in leaf cell expansion |
| GO:1990110 callus formation | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: ARF19 together with ARF7 is required for callus formation during cellular dedifferentiation. They recruit ATXR2 to deposit H3K36me3 at LBD gene promoters [PMID:29184030]. Reason: Callus formation is a specialized developmental process that occurs in tissue culture conditions. While ARF19 plays a role, this is not a core physiological function under normal growth conditions. Supporting Evidence: PMID:29184030 Leaf explants from arf7-1arf19-2 double mutants were defective in callus formation and showed reduced H3K36me3 accumulation at LBD promoters |
| GO:0003677 DNA binding | IEA GO_REF:0000120 | MODIFY | Summary: ARF19 contains a B3-type DNA binding domain and binds to AuxRE sequences. This IEA annotation is correct but overly general [PMID:15659631]. Reason: While correct, "DNA binding" is too general for a transcription factor. More specific terms like "cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding" (GO:0000987) or "transcription cis-regulatory region binding" (GO:0000976) better capture the specific function. Proposed replacements: cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding Supporting Evidence: PMID:15659631 The AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF) gene family products, together with the AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID proteins, regulate auxin-mediated transcriptional activation/repression |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | IEA GO_REF:0000120 | ACCEPT | Summary: IEA annotation for nuclear localization based on sequence features. This duplicates the IBA annotation but is independently valid. Reason: Nuclear localization is correct and consistent with experimental evidence. The duplicate with IBA is acceptable as they represent independent evidence paths. Supporting Evidence: PMID:29184030 ATXR2 was recruited to LBD promoters by the transcription factors AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 7 (ARF7) and ARF19 |
| GO:0006355 regulation of DNA-templated transcription | IEA GO_REF:0000002 | ACCEPT | Summary: IEA annotation based on InterPro mapping. Correct and consistent with ARF19's role as a transcription factor. Reason: This annotation is accurate and reflects the core molecular function of ARF19. The IEA evidence appropriately captures the conserved domain-based inference. Supporting Evidence: PMID:15659631 The AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF) gene family products, together with the AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID proteins, regulate auxin-mediated transcriptional activation/repression |
| GO:0009725 response to hormone | IEA GO_REF:0000002 | ACCEPT | Summary: This is a parent term of "response to auxin". The annotation is correct but less specific than the available specific term. Reason: While "response to auxin" (GO:0009733) is more specific, the broader "response to hormone" is not incorrect. ARF19 also integrates ethylene signaling, so the broader term captures this additional hormone response role. Supporting Evidence: PMID:16461383 Here we show that ARF19 and ARF7 not only participate in auxin signaling, but also play a critical role in ethylene responses in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) roots, indicating that the ARFs serve as a cross talk point between the two hormones |
| GO:0009734 auxin-activated signaling pathway | IEA GO_REF:0000043 | ACCEPT | Summary: GO:0009734 includes the auxin-signaling series that begins with auxin perception and ends with modulation of downstream cellular processes such as transcription. ARF19 is a canonical downstream transcriptional effector in this pathway. Reason: ARF19 does not bind auxin directly, but the GO term explicitly covers the pathway through transcriptional output. Mutant and transcriptomic evidence show that auxin-induced gene expression is impaired when ARF7/ARF19 function is lost, supporting ARF19's participation in auxin-activated signaling and avoiding an overly narrow receptor/proximal-transduction interpretation of this GO term. Supporting Evidence: PMID:15659631 Global gene expression analysis revealed that auxin-induced gene expression is severely impaired in the arf7 single and arf7 arf19 double mutants |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:15889151 Developmental specificity of auxin response by pairs of ARF ... | UNDECIDED | Summary: "Protein binding" is a low-information term. ARF19 interacts specifically with AUX/IAA proteins via its PB1 domain. This interaction is functionally important for auxin signaling. Reason: Unable to access the specific details of PMID:15889151 to determine the exact interaction partner and context. "Protein binding" is generally too vague but may be acceptable if the interaction partner is unknown. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:16236149 Tissue-specific expression of stabilized SOLITARY-ROOT/IAA14... | UNDECIDED | Summary: "Protein binding" is too general. ARF19 interacts with specific partners like AUX/IAA proteins. This paper likely documents IAA14 interactions. Reason: Unable to access PMID:16236149 to determine the specific interaction partner. The term should ideally be more specific. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:18505759 Domain II mutations in CRANE/IAA18 suppress lateral root for... | UNDECIDED | Summary: Paper documents IAA18 mutations. ARF19 likely interacts with IAA18. Reason: Unable to access full text of PMID:18505759. "Protein binding" is too vague but may reflect documented ARF-AUX/IAA interaction. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:21734647 The auxin signalling network translates dynamic input into r... | UNDECIDED | Summary: Paper on auxin signaling network at shoot apex. Likely documents ARF interactions. Reason: Unable to access PMID:21734647 to evaluate specific interaction context. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:28650476 CrY2H-seq: a massively multiplexed assay for deep-coverage i... | UNDECIDED | Summary: CrY2H-seq is a high-throughput interactome mapping method. Interactions may be of lower confidence than targeted studies. Reason: Unable to access PMID:28650476. High-throughput interaction data requires careful evaluation. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32612234 Extensive signal integration by the phytohormone protein net... | UNDECIDED | Summary: Paper on phytohormone protein network. ARF19 interactions with hormone signaling components likely documented. Reason: Unable to access PMID:32612234 to evaluate specific interaction context. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:36088536 The protein-protein interaction landscape of transcription f... | UNDECIDED | Summary: Paper on TF protein-protein interactions during gynoecium development. Reason: Unable to access PMID:36088536 to evaluate specific interaction context. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:9342315 Protein-protein interactions among the Aux/IAA proteins. | MODIFY | Summary: This foundational paper demonstrates ARF19 (then called IAA22/IAA24) interacts with AUX/IAA proteins via dimerization domains. The interactions are homo- and heterotypic [PMID:9342315]. Reason: The IPI evidence is valid, but protein binding is too vague. Because the paper describes ARF-AUX/IAA interactions through dimerization domains, protein heterodimerization activity better captures the molecular interaction. Proposed replacements: protein heterodimerization activity Supporting Evidence: PMID:9342315 Screening an Arabidopsis lambda-ACT cDNA library using IAA1 as a bait reveals heterotypic interactions of IAA1 with known and newly discovered members of the Arabidopsis Aux/IAA gene family |
| GO:0000987 cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding | IDA PMID:29681137 LBD18 uses a dual mode of a positive feedback loop to regula... | ACCEPT | Summary: This paper demonstrates LBD18 binds to ARF19 promoter to regulate its expression. ARF7/ARF19 directly bind AuxRE in LBD18 promoter. This supports ARF19's sequence-specific DNA binding activity [PMID:29681137]. Reason: Excellent, specific annotation for ARF19's molecular function. The IDA evidence from this paper demonstrates direct DNA binding to cis-regulatory sequences. Supporting Evidence: PMID:29681137 We showed that ARF7 and ARF19 directly bind AuxRE in the LBD18 promoter |
| GO:1990110 callus formation | IMP PMID:29184030 Arabidopsis ATXR2 deposits H3K36me3 at the promoters of LBD ... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: The arf7-1 arf19-2 double mutant is defective in callus formation. ARF19 with ARF7 recruits ATXR2 to LBD promoters to facilitate cellular dedifferentiation [PMID:29184030]. Reason: Valid IMP evidence for ARF19 involvement in callus formation. However, this is a tissue culture phenotype, not a normal physiological function. Keep as non-core annotation. The cited experiment uses the arf7-1 arf19-2 double mutant, so the upstream GOA evidence code would be more precisely represented as IGI even though validation requires preserving the GOA IMP row here. Supporting Evidence: PMID:29184030 Leaf explants from arf7-1arf19-2 double mutants were defective in callus formation and showed reduced H3K36me3 accumulation at LBD promoters |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:29184030 Arabidopsis ATXR2 deposits H3K36me3 at the promoters of LBD ... | MODIFY | Summary: ARF19 interacts with ATXR2 histone methyltransferase in the nucleus to facilitate H3K36me3 deposition at LBD promoters [PMID:29184030]. Reason: The IPI evidence for ATXR2 interaction is valid, but protein binding is too general. ATXR2 is a histone methyltransferase, so histone methyltransferase binding is the more specific molecular-function term for this interaction. Proposed replacements: histone methyltransferase binding Supporting Evidence: PMID:29184030 ATXR2 was recruited to LBD promoters by the transcription factors AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 7 (ARF7) and ARF19 |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | IDA PMID:29184030 Arabidopsis ATXR2 deposits H3K36me3 at the promoters of LBD ... | ACCEPT | Summary: Direct experimental evidence for ARF19 nuclear localization, consistent with its function as a transcription factor [PMID:29184030]. Reason: IDA evidence for nuclear localization is the strongest evidence type for this cellular component annotation. Supporting Evidence: PMID:29184030 ATXR2 was recruited to LBD promoters by the transcription factors AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 7 (ARF7) and ARF19 |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:29923261 JMJ30-mediated demethylation of H3K9me3 drives tissue identi... | MODIFY | Summary: ARF19 interacts with JMJ30 histone demethylase to promote H3K9me3 demethylation at LBD promoters during callus formation [PMID:29923261]. Reason: The IPI evidence for ARF19-JMJ30 interaction is valid, but protein binding is too general. JMJ30 is a chromatin-modifying enzyme, and enzyme binding is the more specific available molecular-function term for this interaction. Proposed replacements: enzyme binding Supporting Evidence: PMID:29923261 The JMJ30 protein binds to promoters of the LBD16 and LBD29 genes along with AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 7 (ARF7) and ARF19 and activates LBD expression |
| GO:0000976 transcription cis-regulatory region binding | IPI PMID:25533953 An Arabidopsis gene regulatory network for secondary cell wa... | ACCEPT | Summary: TAIR/GOA records an IPI annotation for ARF19 cis-regulatory region binding from this enhanced yeast one-hybrid secondary cell-wall network study, with target locus AT2G40890 listed in the GOA WITH/FROM field. Reason: The cached article text describes the network screen but does not expose all supplementary interaction rows. The GOA row provides the publication-specific target context, and this annotation is consistent with independently supported ARF19 cis-regulatory binding activity. Supporting Evidence: file:ARATH/ARF19/ARF19-goa.tsv GO:0000976 transcription cis-regulatory region binding molecular_function ECO:0000353 IPI PMID:25533953 AGI_LocusCode:AT2G40890 |
| GO:0000976 transcription cis-regulatory region binding | IPI PMID:27650334 Transcriptional Regulation of Arabidopsis Polycomb Repressiv... | ACCEPT | Summary: TAIR/GOA records an IPI annotation for ARF19 binding to a PRC2 gene promoter from this enhanced yeast one-hybrid study, with target locus AT4G02020 listed in the GOA WITH/FROM field. Reason: The cached article text describes upstream regulator discovery but does not show every protein-DNA interaction row. The GOA row supplies the publication-specific target context, and the annotation is consistent with ARF19's established cis-regulatory binding function. Supporting Evidence: file:ARATH/ARF19/ARF19-goa.tsv GO:0000976 transcription cis-regulatory region binding molecular_function ECO:0000353 IPI PMID:27650334 AGI_LocusCode:AT4G02020 |
| GO:0000976 transcription cis-regulatory region binding | IPI PMID:30356219 Transcriptional regulation of nitrogen-associated metabolism... | ACCEPT | Summary: TAIR/GOA records IPI annotations for ARF19 cis-regulatory binding to nitrogen-associated metabolism/growth genes from this transcriptional regulatory network study, with target loci AT4G04955, AT5G07440, and AT5G26340 listed in the GOA WITH/FROM field. Reason: The cached article text summarizes the network study but does not expose all individual interaction rows. The GOA row provides the publication-specific target context, and the annotation is consistent with ARF19's established cis-regulatory binding function. Supporting Evidence: file:ARATH/ARF19/ARF19-goa.tsv GO:0000976 transcription cis-regulatory region binding molecular_function ECO:0000353 IPI PMID:30356219 AGI_LocusCode:AT4G04955|AGI_LocusCode:AT5G07440|AGI_LocusCode:AT5G26340 |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | ISM GO_REF:0000122 | ACCEPT | Summary: Computational prediction of nuclear localization based on AtSubP analysis. Consistent with experimental data. Reason: ISM prediction is validated by experimental IDA evidence for nuclear localization. Supporting Evidence: PMID:29184030 ATXR2 was recruited to LBD promoters by the transcription factors AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 7 (ARF7) and ARF19 |
| GO:0043565 sequence-specific DNA binding | IDA PMID:23020607 BAT1, a putative acyltransferase, modulates brassinosteroid ... | UNDECIDED | Summary: This paper is about BAT1 brassinosteroid acyltransferase. ARF19 DNA binding may have been demonstrated as part of promoter analysis studies, but the primary focus is not on ARF19. Reason: The paper's primary focus is BAT1, not ARF19. Unable to verify how ARF19 DNA binding was demonstrated in this context without full text access. |
| GO:0010311 lateral root formation | IGI PMID:17259263 ARF7 and ARF19 regulate lateral root formation via direct ac... | ACCEPT | Summary: The arf7 arf19 double mutant is severely impaired in lateral root formation, demonstrating genetic interaction between these functionally redundant transcription factors [PMID:17259263]. Reason: Excellent IGI evidence for ARF19 role in lateral root formation. This is the primary paper establishing ARF7/ARF19 function in lateral root development via LBD gene activation. Supporting Evidence: PMID:17259263 The arf7 arf19 double knockout mutant is severely impaired in lateral root formation |
| GO:0048366 leaf development | IGI PMID:15960621 NPH4/ARF7 and ARF19 promote leaf expansion and auxin-induced... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: The arf7 arf19 double mutant shows decreased leaf cell expansion, indicating redundant roles in leaf development [PMID:15960621]. Reason: Valid IGI evidence for ARF19 contribution to leaf development. However, this is a secondary pleiotropic effect compared to the primary lateral root function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:15960621 in combination with mutations in NPH4/ARF7, encoding the most closely related ARF, they cause several phenotypes including a drastic decrease in lateral and adventitious root formation and a decrease in leaf cell expansion |
| GO:0048527 lateral root development | IGI PMID:15960621 NPH4/ARF7 and ARF19 promote leaf expansion and auxin-induced... | ACCEPT | Summary: The arf7 arf19 double mutant shows drastic decrease in lateral root formation [PMID:15960621]. Reason: Valid IGI evidence for a core function. "Lateral root development" is closely related to "lateral root formation" (GO:0010311) - both capture ARF19's essential role. Having both is acceptable as they represent complementary aspects of the same biological process. Supporting Evidence: PMID:15960621 in combination with mutations in NPH4/ARF7, encoding the most closely related ARF, they cause several phenotypes including a drastic decrease in lateral and adventitious root formation |
| GO:0003677 DNA binding | IDA PMID:17259263 ARF7 and ARF19 regulate lateral root formation via direct ac... | MODIFY | Summary: Direct experimental evidence for ARF19 DNA binding from the foundational paper on ARF7/ARF19 function [PMID:17259263]. Reason: While DNA binding is correct, this is too general. The paper demonstrates binding to specific AuxRE sequences in LBD gene promoters. More specific terms should be used. Proposed replacements: cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding Supporting Evidence: PMID:17259263 ARF7 and ARF19 directly regulate the auxin-mediated transcription of LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES-DOMAIN16/ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2-LIKE18 (LBD16/ASL18) and/or LBD29/ASL16 in roots |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | IDA PMID:17259263 ARF7 and ARF19 regulate lateral root formation via direct ac... | ACCEPT | Summary: Nuclear localization demonstrated in the context of ARF7/ARF19 functional studies [PMID:17259263]. Reason: IDA evidence for nuclear localization is consistent with ARF19's function as a transcription factor. Supporting Evidence: PMID:17259263 ARF7- and ARF19-GFP fusion proteins were localized in nuclei. ARF7- and ARF19-GFP rescued the phenotype of the arf7 arf19 double mutant when driven by their own promoters |
| GO:0009733 response to auxin | IMP PMID:15659631 Functional genomic analysis of the AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR gen... | ACCEPT | Summary: arf19 mutant (and especially arf7 arf19 double mutant) shows impaired auxin-induced gene expression, demonstrating ARF19's role in auxin response [PMID:15659631]. Reason: Strong IMP evidence from mutant phenotype analysis. This is a core annotation for ARF19 function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:15659631 Global gene expression analysis revealed that auxin-induced gene expression is severely impaired in the arf7 single and arf7 arf19 double mutants |
| GO:0009733 response to auxin | IMP PMID:17259263 ARF7 and ARF19 regulate lateral root formation via direct ac... | ACCEPT | Summary: arf7 arf19 double mutant shows severely impaired auxin-mediated responses including lateral root formation [PMID:17259263]. Reason: Additional IMP evidence confirming ARF19's essential role in auxin response. Duplicate GO term with different reference is acceptable. Supporting Evidence: PMID:17259263 ARF7 and ARF19 directly regulate the auxin-mediated transcription of LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES-DOMAIN16/ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2-LIKE18 (LBD16/ASL18) and/or LBD29/ASL16 in roots |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | TAS PMID:9342315 Protein-protein interactions among the Aux/IAA proteins. | ACCEPT | Summary: Nuclear localization supported by traceable author statement in this foundational paper on Aux/IAA protein interactions [PMID:9342315]. Reason: TAS evidence for nuclear localization is consistent with other evidence types for this annotation. Supporting Evidence: PMID:9342315 The Aux/IAA family of early genes encodes proteins that are short-lived and nuclear-localized |
| GO:0009723 response to ethylene | IMP PMID:16461383 A role for auxin response factor 19 in auxin and ethylene si... | ACCEPT | Summary: arf19 mutant shows ethylene-insensitive roots, demonstrating ARF19's role in ethylene response integration. ARF19 expression is induced by ethylene [PMID:16461383]. Reason: Valid IMP evidence for ARF19 role in ethylene response. This represents hormone crosstalk function and is a legitimate annotation. Supporting Evidence: PMID:16461383 In addition to being auxin resistant, arf19 has also ethylene-insensitive roots and ARF19 expression is induced by ethylene treatment |
| GO:0003700 DNA-binding transcription factor activity | ISS PMID:11118137 Arabidopsis transcription factors: genome-wide comparative a... | MODIFY | Summary: ARF19 is classified as a transcription factor based on sequence similarity to characterized ARF family members [PMID:11118137]. Reason: The annotation is correct but could be more specific. ARF19 is an activator, and more specific terms are available. However, ISS evidence appropriately captures the inference from sequence similarity. Proposed replacements: DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific Supporting Evidence: PMID:15659631 The AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF) gene family products, together with the AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID proteins, regulate auxin-mediated transcriptional activation/repression PMID:15960621 We show that ARF19, the fifth Q-rich ARF, also activates transcription |
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Download this section (compressed HTML)Q: What is the precise mechanism by which ARF19 recruits chromatin modifiers (ATXR2, JMJ30) to target promoters?
Q: Are there ARF19-specific target genes distinct from ARF7, or do they regulate entirely overlapping gene sets?
Q: What post-translational modifications regulate ARF19 activity beyond AUX/IAA binding?
Experiment: ChIP-seq comparing ARF19 and ARF7 binding sites genome-wide to identify shared vs. unique target genes
Hypothesis: ARF19 and ARF7 have largely overlapping but not identical target gene sets
Experiment: Structure-function analysis of ARF19 domains to determine requirements for chromatin modifier recruitment
Hypothesis: Specific regions of ARF19 beyond the PB1 domain mediate ATXR2/JMJ30 recruitment
Experiment: Time-resolved transcriptomics in arf19 single mutants vs. arf7 arf19 double mutants to dissect redundant vs. unique functions
Hypothesis: Some genes are uniquely regulated by ARF19 while others require both ARF7 and ARF19
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