aadK

UniProt ID: P17585
Organism: Bacillus subtilis (strain 168)
Review Status: DRAFT
📝 Provide Detailed Feedback

Gene Description

aadK encodes an aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase in Bacillus subtilis (strain 168). UniProt/CARD identify this entry as an aminoglycoside-modifying resistance enzyme that inactivates aminoglycoside antibiotics by adenylylation/nucleotidyl transfer. UniProt names the protein 'Aminoglycoside 6-adenylyltransferase' (accession P17585).

Existing Annotations Review

GO Term Evidence Action Reason
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IEA
GO_REF:0000044 		ACCEPT
Summary: The cellular location is compatible with the encoded AMR enzyme and is retained.
Reason: The location is consistent with the protein type and existing UniProt/GOA evidence.
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IDA
DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1987.tb02029.x 		ACCEPT
Summary: The cellular location is compatible with the encoded AMR enzyme and is retained.
Reason: The location is consistent with the protein type and existing UniProt/GOA evidence.
GO:0042803 protein homodimerization activity
IDA
PMID:15984036
Molecular recognition of aminoglycoside antibiotics by bacte... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Homodimerization can be retained as a biochemical property but is not the AMR core function.
Reason: The core function is antibiotic modification; oligomerization is ancillary to the AMR annotation objective.
GO:0070566 adenylyltransferase activity
IDA
DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1987.tb02029.x 		MODIFY
Summary: The existing MF term is directionally correct but less informative than the family-specific AMR activity aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity.
Reason: Replace the less-specific existing term 'adenylyltransferase activity' with aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity based on UniProt/CARD determinant identity, direct assay support, and the curated ARO->GO mapping.
Supporting Evidence:
file:genes/BACSU/aadK/aadK-uniprot.txt
CC -!- FUNCTION: Mediates bacterial resistance to streptomycin CC (PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates streptomycin on the O-6 CC residue (PubMed:15984036, PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates
GO:0070566 adenylyltransferase activity
IDA
PMID:15984036
Molecular recognition of aminoglycoside antibiotics by bacte... 		MODIFY
Summary: The existing MF term is directionally correct but less informative than the family-specific AMR activity aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity.
Reason: Replace the less-specific existing term 'adenylyltransferase activity' with aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity based on UniProt/CARD determinant identity, direct assay support, and the curated ARO->GO mapping.
Supporting Evidence:
file:genes/BACSU/aadK/aadK-uniprot.txt
CC -!- FUNCTION: Mediates bacterial resistance to streptomycin CC (PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates streptomycin on the O-6 CC residue (PubMed:15984036, PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates
GO:0070566 adenylyltransferase activity
IDA
PMID:17609790
Rescue of the streptomycin antibiotic activity by using stre... 		MODIFY
Summary: The existing MF term is directionally correct but less informative than the family-specific AMR activity aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity.
Reason: Replace the less-specific existing term 'adenylyltransferase activity' with aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity based on UniProt/CARD determinant identity, direct assay support, and the curated ARO->GO mapping.
Supporting Evidence:
file:genes/BACSU/aadK/aadK-uniprot.txt
CC -!- FUNCTION: Mediates bacterial resistance to streptomycin CC (PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates streptomycin on the O-6 CC residue (PubMed:15984036, PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates
GO:0070566 adenylyltransferase activity
IDA
PMID:3137862
Structure of adenylylated streptomycin synthesized enzymatic... 		MODIFY
Summary: The existing MF term is directionally correct but less informative than the family-specific AMR activity aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity.
Reason: Replace the less-specific existing term 'adenylyltransferase activity' with aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity based on UniProt/CARD determinant identity, direct assay support, and the curated ARO->GO mapping.
Supporting Evidence:
file:genes/BACSU/aadK/aadK-uniprot.txt
CC -!- FUNCTION: Mediates bacterial resistance to streptomycin CC (PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates streptomycin on the O-6 CC residue (PubMed:15984036, PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates
GO:0071239 cellular response to streptomycin
IDA
PMID:17609790
Rescue of the streptomycin antibiotic activity by using stre... 		ACCEPT
Summary: The gene product is an antimicrobial-resistance determinant, so the antibiotic-response annotation is retained.
Reason: The CARD/ARO determinant identity supports an antibiotic-resistance biological role.
Supporting Evidence:
file:genes/BACSU/aadK/aadK-uniprot.txt
CC -!- FUNCTION: Mediates bacterial resistance to streptomycin CC (PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates streptomycin on the O-6 CC residue (PubMed:15984036, PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates
GO:0071239 cellular response to streptomycin
IDA
PMID:3137862
Structure of adenylylated streptomycin synthesized enzymatic... 		ACCEPT
Summary: The gene product is an antimicrobial-resistance determinant, so the antibiotic-response annotation is retained.
Reason: The CARD/ARO determinant identity supports an antibiotic-resistance biological role.
Supporting Evidence:
file:genes/BACSU/aadK/aadK-uniprot.txt
CC -!- FUNCTION: Mediates bacterial resistance to streptomycin CC (PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates streptomycin on the O-6 CC residue (PubMed:15984036, PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates
GO:0071239 cellular response to streptomycin
IMP
PMID:8293959
Genetic mapping in Bacillus subtilis 168 of the aadK gene wh... 		ACCEPT
Summary: The gene product is an antimicrobial-resistance determinant, so the antibiotic-response annotation is retained.
Reason: The CARD/ARO determinant identity supports an antibiotic-resistance biological role.
Supporting Evidence:
file:genes/BACSU/aadK/aadK-uniprot.txt
CC -!- FUNCTION: Mediates bacterial resistance to streptomycin CC (PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates streptomycin on the O-6 CC residue (PubMed:15984036, PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates
GO:0034068 aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity
RCA
file:projects/ANTIMICROBIAL_RESISTANCE/aro2go.sssom.yaml 		NEW
Summary: NEW candidate annotation from the curated ARO->GO mapping: aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity.
Reason: The UniProt record cross-references a CARD/ARO AMR determinant, and the curated ARO->GO mapping projects the family-specific molecular function aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity. This focused draft accepts the candidate as a curator lead for this AMR determinant.
Supporting Evidence:
file:projects/ANTIMICROBIAL_RESISTANCE/data/candidate_new_annotations.tsv
P17585 ARO:3002627 ARO:3000218 narrower RO:0002327 GO:0034068 aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity
file:genes/BACSU/aadK/aadK-uniprot.txt
CC -!- FUNCTION: Mediates bacterial resistance to streptomycin CC (PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates streptomycin on the O-6 CC residue (PubMed:15984036, PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates
GO:0046677 response to antibiotic
RCA
file:projects/ANTIMICROBIAL_RESISTANCE/aro2go.sssom.yaml 		NEW
Summary: NEW process annotation: aadK is an AMR determinant involved in antibiotic response/resistance.
Reason: CARD/ARO identity places this gene in an antimicrobial-resistance determinant family; response to antibiotic is the appropriate high-level GO biological process for the resistance role.
Supporting Evidence:
file:genes/BACSU/aadK/aadK-uniprot.txt
DR CARD; ARO:3002627; aadK; ARO:0001004; antibiotic inactivation.

Core Functions

aadK covalently modifies aminoglycoside antibiotics by nucleotidyl transfer, reducing drug activity and contributing to antibiotic resistance.

Molecular Function:
aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity
Directly Involved In:
response to antibiotic
Cellular Locations:
cytoplasm
Supporting Evidence:
  • file:genes/BACSU/aadK/aadK-uniprot.txt
    CC -!- FUNCTION: Mediates bacterial resistance to streptomycin CC (PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates streptomycin on the O-6 CC residue (PubMed:15984036, PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates

References

GO_REF:0000044
Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Subcellular Location vocabulary mapping, accompanied by conservative changes to GO terms applied by UniProt
DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1987.tb02029.x
Purification and characterization of chromosomal streptomycin adenylyltransferase from derivatives of<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>Marburg 168
PMID:15984036
Molecular recognition of aminoglycoside antibiotics by bacterial defence proteins: NMR study of the structural and conformational features of streptomycin inactivation by Bacillus subtilis aminoglycoside-6-adenyl transferase.
PMID:17609790
Rescue of the streptomycin antibiotic activity by using streptidine as a "decoy acceptor" for the aminoglycoside-inactivating enzyme adenyl transferase.
PMID:3137862
Structure of adenylylated streptomycin synthesized enzymatically by Bacillus subtilis.
PMID:8293959
Genetic mapping in Bacillus subtilis 168 of the aadK gene which encodes aminoglycoside 6-adenylyltransferase.
file:genes/BACSU/aadK/aadK-uniprot.txt
UniProt flat file for aadK (P17585)
  • UniProt/CARD identity and protein naming for aadK.
    "CC -!- FUNCTION: Mediates bacterial resistance to streptomycin CC (PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates streptomycin on the O-6 CC residue (PubMed:15984036, PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates"
file:projects/ANTIMICROBIAL_RESISTANCE/aro2go.sssom.yaml
Curated ARO to GO mapping set for AMR gene families
  • Manual ARO-to-GO mappings used to identify focused AMR annotation gains.
    "mapping_set_title: ARO to GO mapping (AMR gene families and resistance mechanisms)"
file:projects/ANTIMICROBIAL_RESISTANCE/data/candidate_new_annotations.tsv
Annotation-gain candidates from ARO to GO mappings
  • Candidate GO annotations projected from the ARO-to-GO mapping set.
    "Candidate GO annotations that UniProtKB entries with a CARD cross-reference would gain from the"

Suggested Questions for Experts

Q: Is the ARO-derived aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity annotation sufficiently specific for aadK, or is a narrower substrate/site-specific GO term warranted?

Suggested Experiments

Experiment: Biochemically assay purified aadK against representative antibiotic substrates for the inferred AMR family and measure loss of drug activity or target modification.

Type: in vitro enzyme assay

📚 Additional Documentation

Notes

(aadK-notes.md)

Notes: aadK

Focused AMR batch review. UniProt accession: P17585. Source organism: Bacillus subtilis (strain 168).

  • UniProt/CARD provenance: DR CARD; ARO:3002627; aadK; ARO:0001004; antibiotic inactivation.
  • ARO-to-GO candidate: GO:0034068 (aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity) from projects/ANTIMICROBIAL_RESISTANCE/data/candidate_new_annotations.tsv and projects/ANTIMICROBIAL_RESISTANCE/aro2go.sssom.yaml.
  • This is a DRAFT focused review intended to cover the AMR annotation gap; it has not had a gene-specific deep-research pass.

📄 View Raw YAML

 
id: P17585
gene_symbol: aadK
product_type: PROTEIN
status: DRAFT
taxon:
  id: NCBITaxon:224308
  label: Bacillus subtilis (strain 168)
description: aadK encodes an aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase in Bacillus subtilis (strain 168). UniProt/CARD identify this entry as an aminoglycoside-modifying resistance enzyme that inactivates aminoglycoside antibiotics by adenylylation/nucleotidyl transfer. UniProt names the protein 'Aminoglycoside 6-adenylyltransferase' (accession P17585).
existing_annotations:
- term:
    id: GO:0005737
    label: cytoplasm
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000044
  qualifier: located_in
  review:
    summary: The cellular location is compatible with the encoded AMR enzyme and is retained.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The location is consistent with the protein type and existing UniProt/GOA evidence.
- term:
    id: GO:0005737
    label: cytoplasm
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1987.tb02029.x
  qualifier: located_in
  review:
    summary: The cellular location is compatible with the encoded AMR enzyme and is retained.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The location is consistent with the protein type and existing UniProt/GOA evidence.
- term:
    id: GO:0042803
    label: protein homodimerization activity
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:15984036
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: Homodimerization can be retained as a biochemical property but is not the AMR core function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The core function is antibiotic modification; oligomerization is ancillary to the AMR annotation objective.
- term:
    id: GO:0070566
    label: adenylyltransferase activity
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1987.tb02029.x
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: The existing MF term is directionally correct but less informative than the family-specific AMR activity aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: Replace the less-specific existing term 'adenylyltransferase activity' with aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity based on UniProt/CARD determinant identity, direct assay support, and the curated ARO->GO mapping.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0034068
      label: aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:genes/BACSU/aadK/aadK-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: 'CC   -!- FUNCTION: Mediates bacterial resistance to streptomycin

        CC       (PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates streptomycin on the O-6

        CC       residue (PubMed:15984036, PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates'
- term:
    id: GO:0070566
    label: adenylyltransferase activity
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:15984036
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: The existing MF term is directionally correct but less informative than the family-specific AMR activity aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: Replace the less-specific existing term 'adenylyltransferase activity' with aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity based on UniProt/CARD determinant identity, direct assay support, and the curated ARO->GO mapping.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0034068
      label: aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:genes/BACSU/aadK/aadK-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: 'CC   -!- FUNCTION: Mediates bacterial resistance to streptomycin

        CC       (PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates streptomycin on the O-6

        CC       residue (PubMed:15984036, PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates'
- term:
    id: GO:0070566
    label: adenylyltransferase activity
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:17609790
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: The existing MF term is directionally correct but less informative than the family-specific AMR activity aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: Replace the less-specific existing term 'adenylyltransferase activity' with aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity based on UniProt/CARD determinant identity, direct assay support, and the curated ARO->GO mapping.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0034068
      label: aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:genes/BACSU/aadK/aadK-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: 'CC   -!- FUNCTION: Mediates bacterial resistance to streptomycin

        CC       (PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates streptomycin on the O-6

        CC       residue (PubMed:15984036, PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates'
- term:
    id: GO:0070566
    label: adenylyltransferase activity
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:3137862
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: The existing MF term is directionally correct but less informative than the family-specific AMR activity aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: Replace the less-specific existing term 'adenylyltransferase activity' with aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity based on UniProt/CARD determinant identity, direct assay support, and the curated ARO->GO mapping.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0034068
      label: aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:genes/BACSU/aadK/aadK-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: 'CC   -!- FUNCTION: Mediates bacterial resistance to streptomycin

        CC       (PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates streptomycin on the O-6

        CC       residue (PubMed:15984036, PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates'
- term:
    id: GO:0071239
    label: cellular response to streptomycin
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:17609790
  qualifier: involved_in
  review:
    summary: The gene product is an antimicrobial-resistance determinant, so the antibiotic-response annotation is retained.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The CARD/ARO determinant identity supports an antibiotic-resistance biological role.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:genes/BACSU/aadK/aadK-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: 'CC   -!- FUNCTION: Mediates bacterial resistance to streptomycin

        CC       (PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates streptomycin on the O-6

        CC       residue (PubMed:15984036, PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates'
- term:
    id: GO:0071239
    label: cellular response to streptomycin
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:3137862
  qualifier: involved_in
  review:
    summary: The gene product is an antimicrobial-resistance determinant, so the antibiotic-response annotation is retained.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The CARD/ARO determinant identity supports an antibiotic-resistance biological role.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:genes/BACSU/aadK/aadK-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: 'CC   -!- FUNCTION: Mediates bacterial resistance to streptomycin

        CC       (PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates streptomycin on the O-6

        CC       residue (PubMed:15984036, PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates'
- term:
    id: GO:0071239
    label: cellular response to streptomycin
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:8293959
  qualifier: involved_in
  review:
    summary: The gene product is an antimicrobial-resistance determinant, so the antibiotic-response annotation is retained.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The CARD/ARO determinant identity supports an antibiotic-resistance biological role.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:genes/BACSU/aadK/aadK-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: 'CC   -!- FUNCTION: Mediates bacterial resistance to streptomycin

        CC       (PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates streptomycin on the O-6

        CC       residue (PubMed:15984036, PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates'
- term:
    id: GO:0034068
    label: aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity
  evidence_type: RCA
  original_reference_id: file:projects/ANTIMICROBIAL_RESISTANCE/aro2go.sssom.yaml
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: 'NEW candidate annotation from the curated ARO->GO mapping: aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity.'
    action: NEW
    reason: The UniProt record cross-references a CARD/ARO AMR determinant, and the curated ARO->GO mapping projects the family-specific molecular function aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity. This focused draft accepts the candidate as a curator lead for this AMR determinant.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - file:projects/ANTIMICROBIAL_RESISTANCE/data/candidate_new_annotations.tsv
    - file:genes/BACSU/aadK/aadK-uniprot.txt
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:projects/ANTIMICROBIAL_RESISTANCE/data/candidate_new_annotations.tsv
      supporting_text: "P17585\tARO:3002627\tARO:3000218\tnarrower\tRO:0002327\tGO:0034068\taminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity"
    - reference_id: file:genes/BACSU/aadK/aadK-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: 'CC   -!- FUNCTION: Mediates bacterial resistance to streptomycin

        CC       (PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates streptomycin on the O-6

        CC       residue (PubMed:15984036, PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates'
- term:
    id: GO:0046677
    label: response to antibiotic
  evidence_type: RCA
  original_reference_id: file:projects/ANTIMICROBIAL_RESISTANCE/aro2go.sssom.yaml
  qualifier: involved_in
  review:
    summary: 'NEW process annotation: aadK is an AMR determinant involved in antibiotic response/resistance.'
    action: NEW
    reason: CARD/ARO identity places this gene in an antimicrobial-resistance determinant family; response to antibiotic is the appropriate high-level GO biological process for the resistance role.
    additional_reference_ids:
    - file:genes/BACSU/aadK/aadK-uniprot.txt
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:genes/BACSU/aadK/aadK-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: DR   CARD; ARO:3002627; aadK; ARO:0001004; antibiotic inactivation.
references:
- id: GO_REF:0000044
  title: Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Subcellular Location vocabulary mapping, accompanied by conservative changes to GO terms applied by UniProt
  findings: []
- id: DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1987.tb02029.x
  title: Purification and characterization of chromosomal streptomycin adenylyltransferase from derivatives of<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>Marburg 168
  findings: []
- id: PMID:15984036
  title: 'Molecular recognition of aminoglycoside antibiotics by bacterial defence proteins: NMR study of the structural and conformational features of streptomycin inactivation by Bacillus subtilis aminoglycoside-6-adenyl transferase.'
  findings: []
- id: PMID:17609790
  title: Rescue of the streptomycin antibiotic activity by using streptidine as a "decoy acceptor" for the aminoglycoside-inactivating enzyme adenyl transferase.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:3137862
  title: Structure of adenylylated streptomycin synthesized enzymatically by Bacillus subtilis.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:8293959
  title: Genetic mapping in Bacillus subtilis 168 of the aadK gene which encodes aminoglycoside 6-adenylyltransferase.
  findings: []
- id: file:genes/BACSU/aadK/aadK-uniprot.txt
  title: UniProt flat file for aadK (P17585)
  findings:
  - statement: UniProt/CARD identity and protein naming for aadK.
    supporting_text: 'CC   -!- FUNCTION: Mediates bacterial resistance to streptomycin

      CC       (PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates streptomycin on the O-6

      CC       residue (PubMed:15984036, PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates'
- id: file:projects/ANTIMICROBIAL_RESISTANCE/aro2go.sssom.yaml
  title: Curated ARO to GO mapping set for AMR gene families
  findings:
  - statement: Manual ARO-to-GO mappings used to identify focused AMR annotation gains.
    supporting_text: 'mapping_set_title: ARO to GO mapping (AMR gene families and resistance mechanisms)'
- id: file:projects/ANTIMICROBIAL_RESISTANCE/data/candidate_new_annotations.tsv
  title: Annotation-gain candidates from ARO to GO mappings
  findings:
  - statement: Candidate GO annotations projected from the ARO-to-GO mapping set.
    supporting_text: Candidate GO annotations that UniProtKB entries with a CARD cross-reference would gain from the
core_functions:
- description: aadK covalently modifies aminoglycoside antibiotics by nucleotidyl transfer, reducing drug activity and contributing to antibiotic resistance.
  molecular_function:
    id: GO:0034068
    label: aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity
  directly_involved_in:
  - id: GO:0046677
    label: response to antibiotic
  supported_by:
  - reference_id: file:genes/BACSU/aadK/aadK-uniprot.txt
    supporting_text: 'CC   -!- FUNCTION: Mediates bacterial resistance to streptomycin

      CC       (PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates streptomycin on the O-6

      CC       residue (PubMed:15984036, PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates'
  locations:
  - id: GO:0005737
    label: cytoplasm
suggested_questions:
- question: Is the ARO-derived aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity annotation sufficiently specific for aadK, or is a narrower substrate/site-specific GO term warranted?
  experts: []
suggested_experiments:
- description: Biochemically assay purified aadK against representative antibiotic substrates for the inferred AMR family and measure loss of drug activity or target modification.
  experiment_type: in vitro enzyme assay