aadK

UniProt ID: P17585
Organism: Bacillus subtilis (strain 168)
Review Status: DRAFT
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Gene Description

aadK encodes an aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase in Bacillus subtilis (strain 168). UniProt/CARD identify this entry as an aminoglycoside-modifying resistance enzyme that inactivates aminoglycoside antibiotics by adenylylation/nucleotidyl transfer. UniProt names the protein 'Aminoglycoside 6-adenylyltransferase' (accession P17585).

Existing Annotations Review

GO Term Evidence Action Reason
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IEA
GO_REF:0000044 		ACCEPT
Summary: The cellular location is compatible with the encoded AMR enzyme and is retained.
Reason: The location is consistent with the protein type and existing UniProt/GOA evidence.
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IDA
DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1987.tb02029.x 		ACCEPT
Summary: The cellular location is compatible with the encoded AMR enzyme and is retained.
Reason: The location is consistent with the protein type and existing UniProt/GOA evidence.
GO:0042803 protein homodimerization activity
IDA
PMID:15984036
Molecular recognition of aminoglycoside antibiotics by bacte... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Homodimerization can be retained as a biochemical property but is not the AMR core function.
Reason: The core function is antibiotic modification; oligomerization is ancillary to the AMR annotation objective.
GO:0070566 adenylyltransferase activity
IDA
DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1987.tb02029.x 		MODIFY
Summary: The existing MF term is directionally correct but less informative than the family-specific AMR activity aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity.
Reason: Replace the less-specific existing term 'adenylyltransferase activity' with aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity based on UniProt/CARD determinant identity, direct assay support, and the curated ARO->GO mapping.
Supporting Evidence:
file:genes/BACSU/aadK/aadK-uniprot.txt
CC -!- FUNCTION: Mediates bacterial resistance to streptomycin CC (PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates streptomycin on the O-6 CC residue (PubMed:15984036, PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates
GO:0070566 adenylyltransferase activity
IDA
PMID:15984036
Molecular recognition of aminoglycoside antibiotics by bacte... 		MODIFY
Summary: The existing MF term is directionally correct but less informative than the family-specific AMR activity aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity.
Reason: Replace the less-specific existing term 'adenylyltransferase activity' with aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity based on UniProt/CARD determinant identity, direct assay support, and the curated ARO->GO mapping.
Supporting Evidence:
file:genes/BACSU/aadK/aadK-uniprot.txt
CC -!- FUNCTION: Mediates bacterial resistance to streptomycin CC (PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates streptomycin on the O-6 CC residue (PubMed:15984036, PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates
GO:0070566 adenylyltransferase activity
IDA
PMID:17609790
Rescue of the streptomycin antibiotic activity by using stre... 		MODIFY
Summary: The existing MF term is directionally correct but less informative than the family-specific AMR activity aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity.
Reason: Replace the less-specific existing term 'adenylyltransferase activity' with aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity based on UniProt/CARD determinant identity, direct assay support, and the curated ARO->GO mapping.
Supporting Evidence:
file:genes/BACSU/aadK/aadK-uniprot.txt
CC -!- FUNCTION: Mediates bacterial resistance to streptomycin CC (PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates streptomycin on the O-6 CC residue (PubMed:15984036, PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates
GO:0070566 adenylyltransferase activity
IDA
PMID:3137862
Structure of adenylylated streptomycin synthesized enzymatic... 		MODIFY
Summary: The existing MF term is directionally correct but less informative than the family-specific AMR activity aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity.
Reason: Replace the less-specific existing term 'adenylyltransferase activity' with aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity based on UniProt/CARD determinant identity, direct assay support, and the curated ARO->GO mapping.
Supporting Evidence:
file:genes/BACSU/aadK/aadK-uniprot.txt
CC -!- FUNCTION: Mediates bacterial resistance to streptomycin CC (PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates streptomycin on the O-6 CC residue (PubMed:15984036, PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates
GO:0071239 cellular response to streptomycin
IDA
PMID:17609790
Rescue of the streptomycin antibiotic activity by using stre... 		ACCEPT
Summary: The gene product is an antimicrobial-resistance determinant, so the antibiotic-response annotation is retained.
Reason: The CARD/ARO determinant identity supports an antibiotic-resistance biological role.
Supporting Evidence:
file:genes/BACSU/aadK/aadK-uniprot.txt
CC -!- FUNCTION: Mediates bacterial resistance to streptomycin CC (PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates streptomycin on the O-6 CC residue (PubMed:15984036, PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates
GO:0071239 cellular response to streptomycin
IDA
PMID:3137862
Structure of adenylylated streptomycin synthesized enzymatic... 		ACCEPT
Summary: The gene product is an antimicrobial-resistance determinant, so the antibiotic-response annotation is retained.
Reason: The CARD/ARO determinant identity supports an antibiotic-resistance biological role.
Supporting Evidence:
file:genes/BACSU/aadK/aadK-uniprot.txt
CC -!- FUNCTION: Mediates bacterial resistance to streptomycin CC (PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates streptomycin on the O-6 CC residue (PubMed:15984036, PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates
GO:0071239 cellular response to streptomycin
IMP
PMID:8293959
Genetic mapping in Bacillus subtilis 168 of the aadK gene wh... 		ACCEPT
Summary: The gene product is an antimicrobial-resistance determinant, so the antibiotic-response annotation is retained.
Reason: The CARD/ARO determinant identity supports an antibiotic-resistance biological role.
Supporting Evidence:
file:genes/BACSU/aadK/aadK-uniprot.txt
CC -!- FUNCTION: Mediates bacterial resistance to streptomycin CC (PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates streptomycin on the O-6 CC residue (PubMed:15984036, PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates
GO:0034068 aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity
RCA
file:projects/ANTIMICROBIAL_RESISTANCE/aro2go.sssom.yaml 		NEW
Summary: NEW candidate annotation from the curated ARO->GO mapping: aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity.
Reason: The UniProt record cross-references a CARD/ARO AMR determinant, and the curated ARO->GO mapping projects the family-specific molecular function aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity. This focused draft accepts the candidate as a curator lead for this AMR determinant.
Supporting Evidence:
file:projects/ANTIMICROBIAL_RESISTANCE/data/candidate_new_annotations.tsv
P17585 ARO:3002627 ARO:3000218 narrower RO:0002327 GO:0034068 aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity
file:genes/BACSU/aadK/aadK-uniprot.txt
CC -!- FUNCTION: Mediates bacterial resistance to streptomycin CC (PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates streptomycin on the O-6 CC residue (PubMed:15984036, PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates
GO:0046677 response to antibiotic
RCA
file:projects/ANTIMICROBIAL_RESISTANCE/aro2go.sssom.yaml 		NEW
Summary: NEW process annotation: aadK is an AMR determinant involved in antibiotic response/resistance.
Reason: CARD/ARO identity places this gene in an antimicrobial-resistance determinant family; response to antibiotic is the appropriate high-level GO biological process for the resistance role.
Supporting Evidence:
file:genes/BACSU/aadK/aadK-uniprot.txt
DR CARD; ARO:3002627; aadK; ARO:0001004; antibiotic inactivation.

Core Functions

aadK covalently modifies aminoglycoside antibiotics by nucleotidyl transfer, reducing drug activity and contributing to antibiotic resistance.

Molecular Function:
aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity
Directly Involved In:
response to antibiotic
Cellular Locations:
cytoplasm
Supporting Evidence:
  • file:genes/BACSU/aadK/aadK-uniprot.txt
    CC -!- FUNCTION: Mediates bacterial resistance to streptomycin CC (PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates streptomycin on the O-6 CC residue (PubMed:15984036, PubMed:17609790, PubMed:3137862). Adenylates

References

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Suggested Questions for Experts

Q: Is the ARO-derived aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity annotation sufficiently specific for aadK, or is a narrower substrate/site-specific GO term warranted?

Suggested Experiments

Experiment: Biochemically assay purified aadK against representative antibiotic substrates for the inferred AMR family and measure loss of drug activity or target modification.

Type: in vitro enzyme assay

📚 Additional Documentation

Notes

(aadK-notes.md)

Notes: aadK

Focused AMR batch review. UniProt accession: P17585. Source organism: Bacillus subtilis (strain 168).

  • UniProt/CARD provenance: DR CARD; ARO:3002627; aadK; ARO:0001004; antibiotic inactivation.
  • ARO-to-GO candidate: GO:0034068 (aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase activity) from projects/ANTIMICROBIAL_RESISTANCE/data/candidate_new_annotations.tsv and projects/ANTIMICROBIAL_RESISTANCE/aro2go.sssom.yaml.
  • This is a DRAFT focused review intended to cover the AMR annotation gap; it has not had a gene-specific deep-research pass.

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