dimB

id: Q54ER9
gene_symbol: dimB
product_type: PROTEIN
status: COMPLETE
taxon:
  id: NCBITaxon:44689
  label: Dictyostelium discoideum
description: DimB is a basic-region leucine-zipper (bZIP) transcription factor that
  acts as a direct effector of the polyketide morphogen DIF-1 during Dictyostelium
  multicellular development. In unstimulated cells DimB is distributed through the
  cytoplasm, but exposure to DIF-1 triggers its rapid accumulation in the nucleus,
  where it binds sequence-specific cis-regulatory elements in target promoters. DimB
  can bind DNA as a homodimer and as a heterodimer with the related bZIP factor DimA.
  It functions as a dual-mode regulator that directly activates prestalk/basal-disc
  genes such as ecmB in pstB cells, spatially restricts expression of the prestalk
  gene ecmA, and directly represses prespore genes such as pspA. Through these
  activities DimB controls prestalk cell-type patterning, pstB/basal-disc and
  anterior-like-cell differentiation, and the choice between stalk and spore fate.
  Loss of DimB produces abnormally long, thin slugs and defective culmination.
existing_annotations:
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  qualifier: is_active_in
  review:
    summary: Phylogenetic inference that DimB acts in the nucleus is consistent with
      direct experimental evidence that DimB accumulates in the nucleus upon DIF-1
      stimulation and binds target promoters there. This is a core location.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: Nuclear localization is directly demonstrated for DimB and is where its
      transcription factor activity is exerted; the IBA inference is fully corroborated.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16410410
      supporting_text: In the absence of DIF-1, GFP was fairly uniformly distributed
        throughout the cells. However, after DIF-1 treatment, both DimA:GFP and DimB:GFP
        exhibited nuclear accumulation
- term:
    id: GO:0010468
    label: regulation of gene expression
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  qualifier: involved_in
  review:
    summary: DimB regulates expression of multiple developmental genes (activating
      ecmB, repressing pspA and others). This general parent term is correct but a
      more specific descendant (regulation of DNA-templated transcription) better
      captures its mechanism.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The annotation is accurate as a broad statement of DimB's function as a
      transcriptional regulator; more specific transcription terms are also present.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:22253818
      supporting_text: In response to the signaling polyketide DIF-1 DimB directly
        activates transcription of the ecmB gene in pstB cells
- term:
    id: GO:0043565
    label: sequence-specific DNA binding
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: DimB was purified by affinity chromatography on ecmA promoter fragments
      and binds defined sites in the ecmA, ecmB and pspA promoters, directly
      demonstrating sequence-specific DNA binding. The IBA inference is well
      supported.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: Sequence-specific DNA binding is a core molecular function of DimB,
      confirmed by direct experimental evidence.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16396914
      supporting_text: We have purified a novel bZIP transcription factor, DimB, by
        affinity chromatography on two spatially separated ecmA promoter fragments
- term:
    id: GO:0003700
    label: DNA-binding transcription factor activity
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000002
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: InterPro2GO inference from the bZIP domain. DimB is experimentally a
      DNA-binding transcription factor that both activates and represses target genes,
      so this is a correct core molecular function.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The bZIP domain-based inference matches the demonstrated function of DimB
      as a sequence-specific transcription factor regulating prestalk and prespore
      genes.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:22253818
      supporting_text: In response to the signaling polyketide DIF-1 DimB directly
        activates transcription of the ecmB gene in pstB cells
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000044
  qualifier: located_in
  review:
    summary: UniProt subcellular-location mapping to nucleus, corroborated by direct
      experimental evidence of DIF-1-induced nuclear accumulation.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: Nuclear localization is a core, experimentally established location for
      DimB.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16410410
      supporting_text: In the absence of DIF-1, GFP was fairly uniformly distributed
        throughout the cells. However, after DIF-1 treatment, both DimA:GFP and DimB:GFP
        exhibited nuclear accumulation
- term:
    id: GO:0006355
    label: regulation of DNA-templated transcription
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000002
  qualifier: involved_in
  review:
    summary: InterPro2GO inference consistent with DimB's demonstrated role as a
      direct transcriptional activator and repressor of developmental genes.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: DimB directly regulates transcription of ecmB (activation) and pspA
      (repression); this term accurately captures the process.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:22253818
      supporting_text: In response to the signaling polyketide DIF-1 DimB directly
        activates transcription of the ecmB gene in pstB cells
- term:
    id: GO:0010629
    label: negative regulation of gene expression
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:20300194
  qualifier: involved_in
  review:
    summary: In dimB-null cells the ALC-marker gene btg is over-induced during
      development, indicating that DimB normally represses btg as part of the DIF
      signalling response. Supports negative regulation of gene expression.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: Direct genetic evidence (mutant phenotype) shows DimB negatively regulates
      btg expression during development.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:20300194
      supporting_text: btg is overinduced in the DIF unresponsive mutants
- term:
    id: GO:0043069
    label: negative regulation of programmed cell death
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:16410410
  qualifier: involved_in
  review:
    summary: In an 8-Br-cAMP monolayer assay, DIF-1-treated dimB-null cells undergo
      non-vacuolar cell death (NVCD) that is normally suppressed by DimB, which
      instead directs vacuolised stalk-cell formation. This is a genuine but
      downstream developmental consequence rather than a core molecular function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: DimB is required to repress NVCD in the stalk differentiation pathway, so
      the annotation is supported, but it reflects a cell-fate outcome of DimB's
      transcriptional activity rather than its direct function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16410410
      supporting_text: NVCD is repressed by DimB
- term:
    id: GO:1903014
    label: cellular response to differentiation-inducing factor 1
  evidence_type: HDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:25518940
  qualifier: involved_in
  review:
    summary: DimB is a direct effector of DIF-1 that accumulates in the nucleus and
      is phosphorylated in response to DIF-1. This term accurately captures DimB's
      role in the cellular response to the DIF-1 morphogen.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: DimB nuclear accumulation and phosphorylation are direct, rapid responses
      to DIF-1, placing DimB centrally in the cellular DIF-1 response.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:25518940
      supporting_text: DimB accumulates in the nuclei of cells induced with DIF-1 and
        is phosphorylated
- term:
    id: GO:0031153
    label: slug development involved in sorocarp development
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:16396914
  qualifier: acts_upstream_of_or_within
  review:
    summary: dimB-null development proceeds normally to the finger stage, then
      produces extremely long, thin fingers/slugs, implicating DimB in normal slug
      morphogenesis. This is a downstream developmental phenotype.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The mutant slug phenotype supports a role in slug development, but this is
      an organismal-level consequence of DimB's transcriptional activity rather than
      its core molecular function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16396914
      supporting_text: DimB is not essential for normal expression of the ecmA gene,
        instead it spatially limits its expression
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:16396914
  qualifier: is_active_in
  review:
    summary: Direct evidence that DimB rapidly accumulates in the nucleus upon DIF-1
      exposure and associates with the ecmA promoter there. Core active location.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: Nuclear localization where DimB exerts its transcription factor activity
      is directly demonstrated.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16396914
      supporting_text: DimB rapidly accumulates in the nucleus when cells are exposed
        to DIF-1
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:16410410
  qualifier: is_active_in
  review:
    summary: Direct GFP-localization evidence shows DimB accumulates in the nucleus
      after DIF-1 treatment. Core active location.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: Independent direct evidence confirms nuclear localization as the site of
      DimB action.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16410410
      supporting_text: In the absence of DIF-1, GFP was fairly uniformly distributed
        throughout the cells. However, after DIF-1 treatment, both DimA:GFP and DimB:GFP
        exhibited nuclear accumulation
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:21458438
  qualifier: is_active_in
  review:
    summary: DimB is specifically nuclear enriched in pstB cells during normal
      development, where it activates basal-disc gene expression. Core active
      location.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: Direct evidence places active DimB in the nucleus of the responding
      cells.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:21458438
      supporting_text: DimB is specifically nuclear enriched in the pstB cells
- term:
    id: GO:0005737
    label: cytoplasm
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:16396914
  qualifier: located_in
  review:
    summary: In the absence of DIF-1, DimB is distributed through the cytoplasm and
      only translocates to the nucleus upon DIF-1 stimulation. Cytoplasmic
      localization reflects the inactive/resting state rather than the functional
      compartment.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The cytoplasmic pool is the pre-stimulation reservoir; DimB's functional
      compartment is the nucleus. The localization is real but not the core site of
      action.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16410410
      supporting_text: In the absence of DIF-1, GFP was fairly uniformly distributed
        throughout the cells. However, after DIF-1 treatment, both DimA:GFP and DimB:GFP
        exhibited nuclear accumulation
- term:
    id: GO:0031287
    label: positive regulation of sorocarp stalk cell differentiation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:16396914
  qualifier: involved_in
  review:
    summary: DimB promotes prestalk/basal-disc differentiation, and dimB-null cells
      fail to make stalk cells in response to DIF-1. This is a genuine developmental
      role, but a downstream outcome of DimB's transcriptional activity.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: Supported by mutant phenotype (loss of DIF-1-induced stalk differentiation),
      but represents an organismal cell-differentiation outcome rather than DimB's
      core molecular function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:21458438
      supporting_text: leading to nuclear localization of DimB and direct activation
        of cell type-specific gene expression
- term:
    id: GO:0043565
    label: sequence-specific DNA binding
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:16396914
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: DimB was purified by affinity chromatography on ecmA promoter fragments,
      directly demonstrating sequence-specific DNA binding. Core molecular function.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: Direct biochemical evidence for sequence-specific promoter binding.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16396914
      supporting_text: We have purified a novel bZIP transcription factor, DimB, by
        affinity chromatography on two spatially separated ecmA promoter fragments
- term:
    id: GO:0045184
    label: establishment of protein localization
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:16410410
  qualifier: involved_in
  review:
    summary: DimB is required for DIF-1-induced nuclear accumulation of its partner
      DimA; in dimB-null cells DimA fails to accumulate in the nucleus. The annotation
      captures this regulatory effect but with a very general term.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: Supported by direct genetic evidence that DimB controls DimA nuclear
      localization, but this is a specialized downstream effect and the term is broad;
      not a core function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16410410
      supporting_text: nuclear accumulation of DimA in response to DIF-1 is dependent
        on DimB
- term:
    id: GO:0005737
    label: cytoplasm
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:16410410
  qualifier: located_in
  review:
    summary: Consistent with the other cytoplasm annotation, DimB:GFP is uniformly
      distributed (including cytoplasm) before DIF-1 and translocates to the nucleus
      after stimulation.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: Cytoplasmic localization is the resting-state distribution; the functional
      compartment is the nucleus.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16410410
      supporting_text: In the absence of DIF-1, GFP was fairly uniformly distributed
        throughout the cells. However, after DIF-1 treatment, both DimA:GFP and DimB:GFP
        exhibited nuclear accumulation
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:16410410
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: This IPI annotation records the physical interaction of DimB with the
      bZIP factor DimA (UniProtKB:Q54XG7). Bare protein binding is uninformative;
      the interaction is bZIP heterodimerization, better captured by protein
      heterodimerization activity.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: Pull-down assays show DimB forms heterodimeric complexes with DimA in
      vitro. Replacing the generic term with protein heterodimerization activity
      conveys the mechanistic nature (bZIP leucine-zipper dimerization) of the
      interaction.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0046982
      label: protein heterodimerization activity
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16410410
      supporting_text: Pull-down assays with purified proteins showed that DimA and
        DimB can form homodimeric and heterodimeric complexes in vitro
    - reference_id: PMID:16410410
      supporting_text: a second bZIP transcription factor (DimB) that can directly
        interact with DimA in vitro
- term:
    id: GO:0000976
    label: transcription cis-regulatory region binding
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:21458438
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: ChIP analysis directly shows DimB binding to the ecmB cis-regulatory
      region (promoter) in DIF-1-induced cells. Core molecular function.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: Direct in vivo evidence of DimB binding a defined promoter cis-regulatory
      region.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:21458438
      supporting_text: ChIP analysis shows that DimB binds to the ecmB promoter in
        DIF-induced cells
- term:
    id: GO:0000976
    label: transcription cis-regulatory region binding
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:22253818
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: ChIP analysis shows DIF-1-induced binding of DimB to the pspA promoter,
      confirming cis-regulatory region binding at a prespore-gene promoter. Core
      molecular function.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: Independent direct in vivo evidence of DimB binding a promoter
      cis-regulatory region.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:22253818
      supporting_text: Thus DIF induces binding of DimB to the pspA promoter
- term:
    id: GO:0010628
    label: positive regulation of gene expression
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:21458438
  qualifier: involved_in
  review:
    summary: DimB directly activates ecmB transcription in pstB cells; in dimB-null
      cells ecmB is not DIF-inducible. Supports positive regulation of gene
      expression.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: Direct activation of ecmB, supported by ChIP and mutant analysis, makes
      this a well-supported functional annotation.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:22253818
      supporting_text: In response to the signaling polyketide DIF-1 DimB directly
        activates transcription of the ecmB gene in pstB cells
- term:
    id: GO:0010629
    label: negative regulation of gene expression
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:20080085
  qualifier: involved_in
  review:
    summary: Genome-wide microarray analysis of dimB-null cells identified genes that
      become DIF-inducible only when DimB is absent, i.e. genes normally under
      negative control by DimB. Supports negative regulation of gene expression.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: Direct genetic (mutant) evidence that DimB represses a set of DIF-1
      target genes.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:20080085
      supporting_text: these genes fall under negative control by the same two
        transcription factors
- term:
    id: GO:0010629
    label: negative regulation of gene expression
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:22253818
  qualifier: involved_in
  review:
    summary: DimB directly represses the prespore gene pspA; DIF-1-dependent
      repression of pspA is abrogated in a dimB-null strain, and DimB binds the pspA
      promoter. Core repressive activity.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: Direct in vivo binding plus mutant analysis establish DimB as a direct
      repressor of pspA.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:22253818
      supporting_text: DIF-1 represses pspA gene expression in a suspension cell assay
        but this repression is abrogated in a dimB null strain
- term:
    id: GO:0042802
    label: identical protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:16410410
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: Pull-down assays show DimB can form homodimeric complexes (self-
      interaction; UniProtKB:Q54ER9), consistent with bZIP homodimerization. This
      is informative (unlike bare protein binding) and supported.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: Direct in vitro evidence of DimB homodimerization; retained as an
      informative interaction annotation reflecting bZIP dimerization behavior.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16410410
      supporting_text: Pull-down assays with purified proteins showed that DimA and
        DimB can form homodimeric and heterodimeric complexes in vitro
- term:
    id: GO:0030587
    label: sorocarp development
  evidence_type: IEP
  original_reference_id: PMID:25887420
  qualifier: acts_upstream_of_or_within
  review:
    summary: An IEP annotation based on dimB's developmentally regulated expression
      trajectory in a genome-wide transcriptome study. Expression-based inference of
      a broad developmental role.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The developmental-transcriptome correlation is consistent with a role in
      sorocarp development, but this very general term rests on expression pattern
      rather than direct functional evidence and is not a core function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:25887420
      supporting_text: dimB and dstC continued on a more graded trajectory
references:
- id: GO_REF:0000002
  title: Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO
    terms
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000033
  title: Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000044
  title: Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Subcellular Location
    vocabulary mapping, accompanied by conservative changes to GO terms applied by
    UniProt
  findings: []
- id: PMID:16396914
  title: The Dictyostelium bZIP transcription factor DimB regulates prestalk-specific
    gene expression.
  findings:
  - statement: DimB is a bZIP transcription factor purified by affinity chromatography
      on ecmA promoter fragments; it spatially restricts ecmA expression rather than
      being essential for it.
    supporting_text: DimB is not essential for normal expression of the ecmA gene,
      instead it spatially limits its expression
  - statement: DimB accumulates rapidly in the nucleus upon DIF-1 exposure and
      associates with the ecmA promoter in vivo.
    supporting_text: DimB rapidly accumulates in the nucleus when cells are exposed
      to DIF-1
  reference_review:
    relevance: HIGH
    correctness: VERIFIED
    review_notes: PubMed abstract confirms DimB as a DIF-1-regulated bZIP transcription
      factor that binds the ecmA promoter and spatially patterns ecmA expression;
      basis for the DNA-binding, nuclear and prestalk-patterning annotations.
- id: PMID:16410410
  title: bZIP transcription factor interactions regulate DIF responses in Dictyostelium.
  findings:
  - statement: DimB directly interacts with DimA and both proteins form homo- and
      heterodimeric complexes in vitro.
    supporting_text: Pull-down assays with purified proteins showed that DimA and
      DimB can form homodimeric and heterodimeric complexes in vitro
  - statement: DimB (and DimA) rapidly accumulate in the nucleus after DIF-1
      treatment, being uniformly distributed beforehand.
    supporting_text: In the absence of DIF-1, GFP was fairly uniformly distributed
      throughout the cells. However, after DIF-1 treatment, both DimA:GFP and DimB:GFP
      exhibited nuclear accumulation
  - statement: DimB represses non-vacuolar cell death and is required for DimA nuclear
      accumulation.
    supporting_text: nuclear accumulation of DimA in response to DIF-1 is dependent
      on DimB
  reference_review:
    relevance: HIGH
    correctness: VERIFIED
    review_notes: Full text (PMC3531922) verifies DimA-DimB dimerization, DIF-1-induced
      nuclear accumulation, DimB-dependence of DimA localization, and NVCD repression.
- id: PMID:20080085
  title: A new Dictyostelium prestalk cell sub-type.
  findings:
  - statement: Genome-wide analysis of dimB-null cells shows DimB acts as both an
      inducer and a repressor of DIF-1 target genes.
    supporting_text: these genes fall under negative control by the same two
      transcription factors
  reference_review:
    relevance: MEDIUM
    correctness: VERIFIED
    review_notes: Full text supports the negative-regulation annotation via
      microarray comparison of parental and dimB-null cells.
- id: PMID:20300194
  title: BTG interacts with retinoblastoma to control cell fate in Dictyostelium.
  findings:
  - statement: The ALC gene btg is over-induced in dimB-null cells during development,
      indicating DimB normally represses btg.
    supporting_text: btg is overinduced in the DIF unresponsive mutants
  reference_review:
    relevance: MEDIUM
    correctness: VERIFIED
    review_notes: Full text shows btg overinduction in dimB-null development,
      supporting DimB's negative regulation of gene expression.
- id: PMID:21458438
  title: DIF-1 regulates Dictyostelium basal disc differentiation by inducing the
    nuclear accumulation of a bZIP transcription factor.
  findings:
  - statement: DimB is nuclear enriched in pstB cells and directly activates ecmB by
      binding its promoter, driving basal-disc differentiation.
    supporting_text: ChIP analysis shows that DimB binds to the ecmB promoter in
      DIF-induced cells
  reference_review:
    relevance: HIGH
    correctness: VERIFIED
    review_notes: Full text (PMC3107940) establishes DimB as a direct activator of
      ecmB and driver of pstB/basal-disc differentiation.
- id: PMID:22253818
  title: Transcriptional repression by a bZIP protein regulates Dictyostelium prespore
    differentiation.
  findings:
  - statement: DimB binds the pspA promoter and directly represses pspA, while the
      same pathway activates ecmB.
    supporting_text: Thus DIF induces binding of DimB to the pspA promoter
  reference_review:
    relevance: HIGH
    correctness: VERIFIED
    review_notes: Full text (PMC3253789) demonstrates direct DimB repression of the
      prespore gene pspA via promoter binding.
- id: PMID:25518940
  title: The Dictyostelium prestalk inducer differentiation-inducing factor-1 (DIF-1)
    triggers unexpectedly complex global phosphorylation changes.
  findings:
  - statement: DimB accumulates in nuclei of DIF-1-induced cells and is phosphorylated
      in response to DIF-1.
    supporting_text: DimB accumulates in the nuclei of cells induced with DIF-1 and
      is phosphorylated
  reference_review:
    relevance: MEDIUM
    correctness: VERIFIED
    review_notes: Full text supports DimB as a phosphorylated nuclear effector of the
      DIF-1 signalling pathway (HDA cellular response annotation).
- id: PMID:25887420
  title: Leaps and lulls in the developmental transcriptome of Dictyostelium discoideum.
  findings:
  - statement: dimB shows a graded developmental expression trajectory during the
      developmental time course.
    supporting_text: dimB and dstC continued on a more graded trajectory
  reference_review:
    relevance: LOW
    correctness: VERIFIED
    review_notes: Transcriptome study; provides only expression-timing context (basis
      for the IEP sorocarp-development annotation).
core_functions:
- description: DimB is a DIF-1-responsive bZIP transcription factor that binds
    sequence-specific cis-regulatory elements in target promoters (ecmA, ecmB, pspA)
    and acts as a dual-mode regulator, directly activating prestalk/basal-disc genes
    (e.g. ecmB) and directly repressing prespore genes (e.g. pspA), thereby patterning
    cell-type gene expression in response to the DIF-1 morphogen.
  molecular_function:
    id: GO:0003700
    label: DNA-binding transcription factor activity
  locations:
  - id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  supported_by:
  - reference_id: PMID:22253818
    supporting_text: In response to the signaling polyketide DIF-1 DimB directly
      activates transcription of the ecmB gene in pstB cells
  - reference_id: PMID:22253818
    supporting_text: DIF-1 represses pspA gene expression in a suspension cell assay
      but this repression is abrogated in a dimB null strain
- description: DimB binds defined cis-regulatory (promoter) regions of its target
    genes in a sequence-specific, DIF-1-induced manner, as shown by affinity
    purification on the ecmA promoter and ChIP at the ecmB and pspA promoters.
  molecular_function:
    id: GO:0000976
    label: transcription cis-regulatory region binding
  locations:
  - id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  supported_by:
  - reference_id: PMID:21458438
    supporting_text: ChIP analysis shows that DimB binds to the ecmB promoter in
      DIF-induced cells
  - reference_id: PMID:16396914
    supporting_text: We have purified a novel bZIP transcription factor, DimB, by
      affinity chromatography on two spatially separated ecmA promoter fragments