Akt1

Existing Annotations Review

Gene Description

Existing Annotations Review

Core Functions

Akt1 is a protein kinase B that transduces PI3K signals to control growth, metabolism, and survival programs.

References

Deep Research

Falcon

FlyBase

FlyBase gene description for Akt1 (DROME)

📚 Additional Documentation

Bioreason Rl Predictions

Bioreason Rl Review

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GO Term	Evidence	Action	Reason
GO:0004674 protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IBA GO_REF:0000033	ACCEPT	Summary: Akt1 is a directly characterized serine/threonine protein kinase. Reason: Drosophila Akt was cloned as the fly RAC/protein kinase B homolog and shown to have intrinsic kinase activity. The PTHR24351 PAINT assertion at PTN000683254 therefore correctly propagates a deeply conserved serine/threonine kinase activity to fly Akt. Propagation Review Root cause: NO FAILURE CORE Sources checked: PANTHER:PTN000683254 SUPPORTS TRANSFER The broad PTHR24351 kinase ancestor is well supported for transfer to Drosophila Akt; Akt itself appears among the experimental descendants and is not a circular source. Supporting Evidence: PMID:7876156 DRAC-PK possesses an intrinsic kinase activity that is approximately 8-fold higher in adult flies than in 0-3-h embryos undergoing rapid mitotic cycles. file:genes/DROME/Akt1/Akt1-uniprot.txt FT DOMAIN 266..523 FT /note="Protein kinase"
GO:0035556 intracellular signal transduction	IBA GO_REF:0000033	KEEP AS NON CORE	Summary: Akt1 is an intracellular effector of PI3K/insulin signaling. Reason: This broad signaling-process IBA from PTN000683254 is biologically correct because fly Akt relays PI3K-dependent insulin-receptor signals to FOXO and growth-control outputs. The term is retained as non-core only because the insulin receptor and PI3K/Akt pathway annotations capture the role more precisely. Propagation Review Root cause: NO FAILURE NON CORE Sources checked: PANTHER:PTN000683254 SUPPORTS TRANSFER The node placement is safe for the broad intracellular signaling role inherited by Drosophila Akt, although this parent term is less specific than the fly insulin/PI3K pathway rows. Supporting Evidence: PMID:12893776 The Drosophila insulin receptor (dInR) regulates cell growth and proliferation through the dPI3K/dAkt pathway, which is conserved in metazoan organisms.
GO:0043066 negative regulation of apoptotic process	IBA GO_REF:0000033	KEEP AS NON CORE	Summary: Akt1 negatively regulates apoptosis. Reason: Genetic loss of Drosophila Akt causes ectopic embryonic apoptosis, supporting the PTN001219338 PAINT inference for an anti-apoptotic Akt role. The process is retained as contextual/non-core because the central biochemical activity is PI3K-responsive serine/threonine phosphorylation, with apoptosis one downstream survival output. Propagation Review Root cause: NO FAILURE NON CORE Sources checked: PANTHER:PTN001219338 SUPPORTS TRANSFER The metazoan Akt-family node safely transfers this survival output; fly Akt itself appears among the experimentally grounded descendants and that self-seed is expected, not circular. Supporting Evidence: PMID:9601646 These data implicate Dakt1 as a cell survival gene in Drosophila, consistent with cell protection studies in mammals. PMID:10962553 In addition, we show that this signaling cassette is also involved in the regulation of cell survival during embryogenesis.
GO:0008286 insulin receptor signaling pathway	IBA GO_REF:0000033	ACCEPT	Summary: Akt1 acts in the Drosophila insulin receptor/PI3K pathway. Reason: Drosophila Akt functions downstream of InR/Chico/PI3K and upstream of FOXO, TOR-dependent growth control, and stress-sensitive Trbl feedback. The PTN001219338 IBD therefore correctly places insulin-receptor pathway participation at the metazoan Akt node. Propagation Review Root cause: NO FAILURE CORE Sources checked: PANTHER:PTN001219338 SUPPORTS TRANSFER PTN001219338 captures the conserved metazoan Akt role in insulin-receptor signaling and includes Drosophila Akt among its experimental descendants. Supporting Evidence: PMID:12893776 dFOXO is phosphorylated by dAkt upon insulin treatment, leading to cytoplasmic retention and inhibition of its transcriptional activity. PMID:40292740 In Drosophila, Trbl inhibits Akt kinase to block phosphorylation and mute insulin responses and the effects of administering a high-fat diet (HFD) can be reversed by Trbl RNAi knockdown
GO:0043536 positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration	IBA GO_REF:0000033	REMOVE	Summary: Blood-vessel endothelial migration is a vertebrate-specific Akt output and should not be propagated to Drosophila. Reason: GO:0043536 specifically regulates migration of endothelial cells of blood vessels. The PTN001219338 source node has human AKT1 and AKT3 support for that vertebrate angiogenic context, but fly Akt acts in insulin/PI3K growth and survival signaling rather than in endothelial blood-vessel migration. This is a lineage-context overpropagation from an otherwise valid Akt node. Propagation Review Root cause: PROPAGATION BAD Failure modes: LINEAGE OR TAXON MISMATCH CONTEXT OR TISSUE MISMATCH Sources checked: PANTHER:PTN001219338 SUPPORTS SOURCE BUT NOT TARGET The node supports core metazoan Akt signaling and the human endothelial-migration seeds, but that vertebrate blood-vessel context should not be transferred to Drosophila. Supporting Evidence: file:genes/DROME/Akt1/Akt1-uniprot.txt acts downstream of PI3K and Pk61C/PDK1 in the insulin receptor transduction pathway
GO:0000166 nucleotide binding	IEA GO_REF:0000043	KEEP AS NON CORE	Summary: Akt1 binds nucleotides as part of its kinase reaction. Reason: The catalytic reaction uses ATP, indicating nucleotide binding. Supporting Evidence: file:genes/DROME/Akt1/Akt1-uniprot.txt L-seryl-[protein] + ATP = O-phospho-L-seryl-[protein] + ADP + H(+)
GO:0004672 protein kinase activity	IEA GO_REF:0000002	KEEP AS NON CORE	Summary: Akt1 has protein kinase activity. Reason: Catalytic activity confirms protein kinase function. Supporting Evidence: file:genes/DROME/Akt1/Akt1-uniprot.txt L-seryl-[protein] + ATP = O-phospho-L-seryl-[protein] + ADP + H(+)
GO:0004674 protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IEA GO_REF:0000120	ACCEPT	Summary: Akt1 is a serine/threonine protein kinase. Reason: UniProt describes Akt1 as a serine/threonine kinase involved in developmental processes. Supporting Evidence: file:genes/DROME/Akt1/Akt1-uniprot.txt Serine/threonine kinase involved in various developmental processes
GO:0005524 ATP binding	IEA GO_REF:0000120	KEEP AS NON CORE	Summary: Akt1 uses ATP in its catalytic reaction. Reason: The kinase reaction explicitly consumes ATP. Supporting Evidence: file:genes/DROME/Akt1/Akt1-uniprot.txt L-seryl-[protein] + ATP = O-phospho-L-seryl-[protein] + ADP + H(+)
GO:0005829 cytosol	IEA GO_REF:0000044	KEEP AS NON CORE	Summary: Akt1 localizes to the cytosol/cytoplasm. Reason: UniProt reports cytosolic and cytoplasmic localization. Supporting Evidence: file:genes/DROME/Akt1/Akt1-uniprot.txt SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol. Cell membrane. Note=Recruited to plasma membrane upon activation.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane	IEA GO_REF:0000044	KEEP AS NON CORE	Summary: Akt1 can localize to the plasma membrane upon activation. Reason: UniProt notes membrane recruitment upon activation. Supporting Evidence: file:genes/DROME/Akt1/Akt1-uniprot.txt SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol. Cell membrane. Note=Recruited to plasma membrane upon activation.
GO:0006915 apoptotic process	IEA GO_REF:0000043	MODIFY	Summary: Akt1 regulates apoptosis rather than executing apoptotic processes. Reason: Akt1 functions as a survival protein and opposes apoptosis; use regulation term. Proposed replacements: negative regulation of apoptotic process Supporting Evidence: file:genes/DROME/Akt1/Akt1-uniprot.txt During early embryogenesis, acts as a survival protein
GO:0008286 insulin receptor signaling pathway	IEA GO_REF:0000117	ACCEPT	Summary: Akt1 acts in the insulin receptor signaling pathway. Reason: UniProt states Akt1 functions downstream of PI3K/PDK1 in insulin receptor signaling. Supporting Evidence: file:genes/DROME/Akt1/Akt1-uniprot.txt acts downstream of PI3K and Pk61C/PDK1 in the insulin receptor transduction pathway
GO:0008582 regulation of synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction	IEA GO_REF:0000117	UNDECIDED	Summary: Regulation of synaptic assembly at the NMJ is not clearly supported for Akt1. Reason: No direct NMJ synaptic assembly evidence for Akt1 was found in accessible sources. Supporting Evidence: file:genes/DROME/Akt1/Akt1-uniprot.txt acts downstream of PI3K and Pk61C/PDK1 in the insulin receptor transduction pathway
GO:0016301 kinase activity	IEA GO_REF:0000043	KEEP AS NON CORE	Summary: Akt1 has kinase activity. Reason: Catalytic activity confirms kinase function. Supporting Evidence: file:genes/DROME/Akt1/Akt1-uniprot.txt L-seryl-[protein] + ATP = O-phospho-L-seryl-[protein] + ADP + H(+)
GO:0016740 transferase activity	IEA GO_REF:0000043	KEEP AS NON CORE	Summary: Akt1 is a transferase (kinase) enzyme. Reason: Kinases transfer phosphate groups from ATP. Supporting Evidence: file:genes/DROME/Akt1/Akt1-uniprot.txt L-seryl-[protein] + ATP = O-phospho-L-seryl-[protein] + ADP + H(+)
GO:0106310 protein serine kinase activity	IEA GO_REF:0000116	KEEP AS NON CORE	Summary: Akt1 has protein serine kinase activity. Reason: Akt1 is a serine/threonine kinase. Supporting Evidence: file:genes/DROME/Akt1/Akt1-uniprot.txt Serine/threonine kinase involved in various developmental processes
GO:0005515 protein binding	IPI PMID:24068890 A Cullin1-based SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase targets the InR/PI3K...	KEEP AS NON CORE	Summary: Akt1 interacts with protein partners such as Trbl. Reason: UniProt reports interaction with Trbl, supporting protein binding. Supporting Evidence: file:genes/DROME/Akt1/Akt1-uniprot.txt Interacts with trbl. PMID:24068890 A Cullin1-based SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase targets the InR/PI3K/TOR pathway to regulate neuronal pruning.
GO:0005515 protein binding	IPI PMID:24413555 The SCFSlimb E3 ligase complex regulates asymmetric division...	KEEP AS NON CORE	Summary: Akt1 interacts with protein partners such as Trbl. Reason: UniProt reports interaction with Trbl, supporting protein binding. Supporting Evidence: file:genes/DROME/Akt1/Akt1-uniprot.txt Interacts with trbl. PMID:24413555 The SCFSlimb E3 ligase complex regulates asymmetric division to inhibit neuroblast overgrowth.
GO:0004674 protein serine/threonine kinase activity	TAS Reactome:R-DME-110475	ACCEPT	Summary: Akt1 is a serine/threonine protein kinase. Reason: UniProt describes Akt1 as a serine/threonine kinase involved in developmental processes. Supporting Evidence: file:genes/DROME/Akt1/Akt1-uniprot.txt Serine/threonine kinase involved in various developmental processes
GO:0004674 protein serine/threonine kinase activity	TAS Reactome:R-DME-169828	ACCEPT	Summary: Akt1 is a serine/threonine protein kinase. Reason: UniProt describes Akt1 as a serine/threonine kinase involved in developmental processes. Supporting Evidence: file:genes/DROME/Akt1/Akt1-uniprot.txt Serine/threonine kinase involved in various developmental processes
GO:0008286 insulin receptor signaling pathway	IMP PMID:20585550 Dynamic switch of negative feedback regulation in Drosophila...	ACCEPT	Summary: Akt1 acts in the insulin receptor signaling pathway. Reason: UniProt states Akt1 functions downstream of PI3K/PDK1 in insulin receptor signaling. Supporting Evidence: file:genes/DROME/Akt1/Akt1-uniprot.txt acts downstream of PI3K and Pk61C/PDK1 in the insulin receptor transduction pathway PMID:20585550 Dynamic switch of negative feedback regulation in Drosophila Akt-TOR signaling.
GO:0008286 insulin receptor signaling pathway	IDA PMID:10962553 The conserved PI3'K/PTEN/Akt signaling pathway regulates bot...	ACCEPT	Summary: Akt1 acts in the insulin receptor signaling pathway. Reason: UniProt states Akt1 functions downstream of PI3K/PDK1 in insulin receptor signaling. Supporting Evidence: file:genes/DROME/Akt1/Akt1-uniprot.txt acts downstream of PI3K and Pk61C/PDK1 in the insulin receptor transduction pathway PMID:10962553 The conserved PI3'K/PTEN/Akt signaling pathway regulates both cell size and survival in Drosophila.
GO:0008286 insulin receptor signaling pathway	IDA PMID:36730473 A genetic strategy to measure insulin signaling regulation a...	ACCEPT	Summary: Akt1 acts in the insulin receptor signaling pathway. Reason: UniProt states Akt1 functions downstream of PI3K/PDK1 in insulin receptor signaling. Supporting Evidence: file:genes/DROME/Akt1/Akt1-uniprot.txt acts downstream of PI3K and Pk61C/PDK1 in the insulin receptor transduction pathway PMID:36730473 A genetic strategy to measure insulin signaling regulation and physiology in Drosophila.
GO:0043524 negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process	IGI PMID:24916379 Genetic dissection reveals that Akt is the critical kinase d...	KEEP AS NON CORE	Summary: Akt1 promotes neuron survival. Reason: Akt is described as promoting neuron survival downstream of LRRK2. Supporting Evidence: PMID:24916379 Genetic dissection reveals that Akt is the critical kinase downstream of LRRK2 to phosphorylate and inhibit FOXO1, and promotes neuron survival.
GO:0048010 vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway	IGI PMID:34751396 Pvr and distinct downstream signaling factors are required f...	MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED	Summary: VEGF receptor signaling pathway is not directly supported for Drosophila Akt1. Reason: No direct VEGF receptor signaling evidence was identified for Akt1 in available sources. Supporting Evidence: file:genes/DROME/Akt1/Akt1-uniprot.txt acts downstream of PI3K and Pk61C/PDK1 in the insulin receptor transduction pathway PMID:34751396 Pvr and distinct downstream signaling factors are required for hemocyte spreading and epidermal wound closure at Drosophila larval wound sites.
GO:0044319 wound healing, spreading of cells	IGI PMID:34751396 Pvr and distinct downstream signaling factors are required f...	UNDECIDED	Summary: Wound healing, spreading of cells is not directly supported by accessible Akt1 evidence. Reason: No direct evidence for wound healing roles of Akt1 was identified in accessible sources. Supporting Evidence: file:genes/DROME/Akt1/Akt1-uniprot.txt acts downstream of PI3K and Pk61C/PDK1 in the insulin receptor transduction pathway PMID:34751396 Pvr and distinct downstream signaling factors are required for hemocyte spreading and epidermal wound closure at Drosophila larval wound sites.
GO:0030307 positive regulation of cell growth	IMP PMID:12172554 Akt regulates growth by directly phosphorylating Tsc2.	KEEP AS NON CORE	Summary: Akt1 promotes cell growth downstream of insulin signaling. Reason: Insulin receptor signaling regulated by Akt1 controls cell growth. Supporting Evidence: file:genes/DROME/Akt1/Akt1-uniprot.txt insulin receptor transduction pathway which regulates cell growth and organ size PMID:12172554 Akt regulates growth by directly phosphorylating Tsc2.
GO:0008284 positive regulation of cell population proliferation	IGI PMID:12893776 Control of cell number by Drosophila FOXO: downstream and fe...	KEEP AS NON CORE	Summary: Akt1 promotes cell population proliferation through growth signaling. Reason: Insulin receptor signaling regulated by Akt1 promotes growth and organ size. Supporting Evidence: file:genes/DROME/Akt1/Akt1-uniprot.txt insulin receptor transduction pathway which regulates cell growth and organ size PMID:12893776 Control of cell number by Drosophila FOXO: downstream and feedback regulation of the insulin receptor pathway.
GO:0030307 positive regulation of cell growth	IMP PMID:17462592 Discrete functions of rictor and raptor in cell growth regul...	KEEP AS NON CORE	Summary: Akt1 promotes cell growth downstream of insulin signaling. Reason: Insulin receptor signaling regulated by Akt1 controls cell growth. Supporting Evidence: file:genes/DROME/Akt1/Akt1-uniprot.txt insulin receptor transduction pathway which regulates cell growth and organ size PMID:17462592 Discrete functions of rictor and raptor in cell growth regulation in Drosophila.
GO:0030307 positive regulation of cell growth	IMP PMID:29514084 Innate Immune Signaling in Drosophila Blocks Insulin Signali...	KEEP AS NON CORE	Summary: Akt1 promotes cell growth downstream of insulin signaling. Reason: Insulin receptor signaling regulated by Akt1 controls cell growth. Supporting Evidence: file:genes/DROME/Akt1/Akt1-uniprot.txt insulin receptor transduction pathway which regulates cell growth and organ size PMID:29514084 Innate Immune Signaling in Drosophila Blocks Insulin Signaling by Uncoupling PI(3,4,5)P(3) Production and Akt Activation.
GO:0035206 regulation of hemocyte proliferation	IMP PMID:20688956 Genetic manipulation of AML1-ETO-induced expansion of hemato...	UNDECIDED	Summary: Hemocyte proliferation regulation is not supported by accessible Akt-specific evidence. Reason: The cited study does not directly mention Akt in hemocyte proliferation in the abstract. Supporting Evidence: file:genes/DROME/Akt1/Akt1-uniprot.txt acts downstream of PI3K and Pk61C/PDK1 in the insulin receptor transduction pathway PMID:20688956 Genetic manipulation of AML1-ETO-induced expansion of hematopoietic precursors in a Drosophila model.
GO:0035264 multicellular organism growth	IMP PMID:21464442 Drosophila insulin pathway mutants affect visual physiology ...	KEEP AS NON CORE	Summary: Akt1 contributes to multicellular organism growth. Reason: Insulin receptor signaling regulated by Akt1 controls growth and organ size. Supporting Evidence: file:genes/DROME/Akt1/Akt1-uniprot.txt insulin receptor transduction pathway which regulates cell growth and organ size PMID:21464442 Drosophila insulin pathway mutants affect visual physiology and brain function besides growth, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism.
GO:0040014 regulation of multicellular organism growth	IMP PMID:10962553 The conserved PI3'K/PTEN/Akt signaling pathway regulates bot...	KEEP AS NON CORE	Summary: Akt1 regulates multicellular organism growth via insulin signaling. Reason: Insulin receptor signaling regulated by Akt1 controls growth and organ size. Supporting Evidence: file:genes/DROME/Akt1/Akt1-uniprot.txt insulin receptor transduction pathway which regulates cell growth and organ size PMID:10962553 The conserved PI3'K/PTEN/Akt signaling pathway regulates both cell size and survival in Drosophila.
GO:0040018 positive regulation of multicellular organism growth	IGI PMID:29514084 Innate Immune Signaling in Drosophila Blocks Insulin Signali...	KEEP AS NON CORE	Summary: Akt1 positively regulates multicellular organism growth. Reason: Insulin receptor signaling regulated by Akt1 controls growth and organ size. Supporting Evidence: file:genes/DROME/Akt1/Akt1-uniprot.txt insulin receptor transduction pathway which regulates cell growth and organ size PMID:29514084 Innate Immune Signaling in Drosophila Blocks Insulin Signaling by Uncoupling PI(3,4,5)P(3) Production and Akt Activation.
GO:0043066 negative regulation of apoptotic process	IMP PMID:9601646 Genetic analysis of protein kinase B (AKT) in Drosophila.	KEEP AS NON CORE	Summary: Akt1 negatively regulates apoptosis. Reason: Akt1 is described as a survival protein and dephosphorylation triggers apoptosis. Supporting Evidence: file:genes/DROME/Akt1/Akt1-uniprot.txt During early embryogenesis, acts as a survival protein file:genes/DROME/Akt1/Akt1-uniprot.txt Dephosphorylation of 'Ser-586' by Phlpp triggers apoptosis and suppression of tumor growth PMID:9601646 Genetic analysis of protein kinase B (AKT) in Drosophila.
GO:0045793 positive regulation of cell size	IMP PMID:10587646 Cell-autonomous regulation of cell and organ growth in Droso...	KEEP AS NON CORE	Summary: Akt1 promotes cell size via insulin signaling. Reason: Insulin receptor signaling regulated by Akt1 controls growth and size. Supporting Evidence: file:genes/DROME/Akt1/Akt1-uniprot.txt insulin receptor transduction pathway which regulates cell growth and organ size PMID:10587646 Cell-autonomous regulation of cell and organ growth in Drosophila by Akt/PKB.
GO:0045793 positive regulation of cell size	IMP PMID:10962553 The conserved PI3'K/PTEN/Akt signaling pathway regulates bot...	KEEP AS NON CORE	Summary: Akt1 promotes cell size via insulin signaling. Reason: Insulin receptor signaling regulated by Akt1 controls growth and size. Supporting Evidence: file:genes/DROME/Akt1/Akt1-uniprot.txt insulin receptor transduction pathway which regulates cell growth and organ size PMID:10962553 The conserved PI3'K/PTEN/Akt signaling pathway regulates both cell size and survival in Drosophila.
GO:0045793 positive regulation of cell size	IMP PMID:19216764 PDGF/VEGF signaling controls cell size in Drosophila.	KEEP AS NON CORE	Summary: Akt1 promotes cell size via insulin signaling. Reason: Insulin receptor signaling regulated by Akt1 controls growth and size. Supporting Evidence: file:genes/DROME/Akt1/Akt1-uniprot.txt insulin receptor transduction pathway which regulates cell growth and organ size PMID:19216764 PDGF/VEGF signaling controls cell size in Drosophila.
GO:0046622 positive regulation of organ growth	IMP PMID:10962553 The conserved PI3'K/PTEN/Akt signaling pathway regulates bot...	KEEP AS NON CORE	Summary: Akt1 promotes organ growth downstream of insulin signaling. Reason: Insulin receptor signaling regulated by Akt1 controls organ size. Supporting Evidence: file:genes/DROME/Akt1/Akt1-uniprot.txt insulin receptor transduction pathway which regulates cell growth and organ size PMID:10962553 The conserved PI3'K/PTEN/Akt signaling pathway regulates both cell size and survival in Drosophila.