Dci

id: Q9W0M0
gene_symbol: Dci
product_type: PROTEIN
status: COMPLETE
taxon:
  id: NCBITaxon:7227
  label: Drosophila melanogaster
description: >-
  Dci (CG13890; also PEC1/PECI) is a Drosophila melanogaster dodecenoyl-CoA delta-isomerase
  (delta(3),delta(2)-enoyl-CoA isomerase, EC 5.3.3.8), an auxiliary enzyme of unsaturated fatty acid
  beta-oxidation. It converts (3Z)- or (3E)-enoyl-CoA intermediates - which arise when a double bond
  of an unsaturated fatty acid reaches the 3,4-position during chain shortening and cannot be handled
  by the core enoyl-CoA hydratase - into the (2E)-enoyl-CoA that re-enters the standard beta-oxidation
  spiral. By gene name and sequence Dci corresponds to the peroxisomal-type isomerase (human ECI2 /
  PECI class) and UniProt annotates it as peroxisomal; Drosophila additionally has a cluster of
  mitochondrial enoyl-CoA delta-isomerase 1 paralogs (CG4592/CG4594/CG4598) that are the more likely
  carriers of the mitochondrial ECI1 role. Dci has also been recovered as a hit in a genetic screen
  for susceptibility to intestinal Vibrio cholerae (Gram-negative) infection.
existing_annotations:
- term:
    id: GO:0005782
    label: peroxisomal matrix
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  qualifier: is_active_in
  review:
    summary: >-
      Phylogenetically inferred peroxisomal matrix localization, the specific compartment for the
      peroxisomal-type (PECI/ECI2-class) enoyl-CoA isomerase that Dci represents.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      The specific, core location of Dci; consistent with its UniProt peroxisomal assignment and the
      peroxisome annotations below.
- term:
    id: GO:0004165
    label: delta(3)-delta(2)-enoyl-CoA isomerase activity
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: >-
      Phylogenetically inferred delta(3),delta(2)-enoyl-CoA isomerase activity (EC 5.3.3.8) - the
      defining molecular function of Dci and the auxiliary isomerase step of unsaturated fatty acid
      beta-oxidation.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Core molecular function of Dci, concordant with the EC/UniProt name and the ISS/IEA evidence.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:DROME/Dci/Dci-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: "Dodecenoyl-CoA delta-isomerase"
- term:
    id: GO:0006635
    label: fatty acid beta-oxidation
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  qualifier: involved_in
  review:
    summary: >-
      Phylogenetically inferred participation in fatty acid beta-oxidation - specifically the
      auxiliary isomerase step that allows unsaturated fatty acids to be fully degraded.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Core biological process for Dci as an auxiliary enzyme of (unsaturated) fatty acid
      beta-oxidation.
- term:
    id: GO:0004165
    label: delta(3)-delta(2)-enoyl-CoA isomerase activity
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000120
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: >-
      Electronic assignment of the EC 5.3.3.8 delta(3),delta(2)-enoyl-CoA isomerase activity,
      duplicating the core molecular-function call.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Core molecular function of Dci.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:DROME/Dci/Dci-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: "Dodecenoyl-CoA delta-isomerase"
- term:
    id: GO:0005777
    label: peroxisome
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000120
  qualifier: located_in
  review:
    summary: >-
      Electronic peroxisome localization, consistent with the UniProt peroxisomal assignment for the
      PECI/ECI2-class isomerase.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Peroxisome is the core compartment for Dci; the peroxisomal matrix is the more specific term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:DROME/Dci/Dci-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: "SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Peroxisome"
- term:
    id: GO:0005739
    label: mitochondrion
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  qualifier: located_in
  review:
    summary: >-
      Orthology-based mitochondrion localization. Dci is by name and UniProt a peroxisomal
      (PECI/ECI2-class) isomerase; the mitochondrial enoyl-CoA delta-isomerase 1 role in Drosophila
      is more likely carried by the CG4592/CG4594/CG4598 paralog cluster. This ISS call may reflect
      cross-transfer from those mitochondrial paralogs.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: >-
      Uncertain/secondary; Dci's core compartment is the peroxisome. Retained as non-core pending
      direct evidence of a mitochondrial pool (the mitochondrial ECI1 role is likely a paralog's).
- term:
    id: GO:0005777
    label: peroxisome
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  qualifier: located_in
  review:
    summary: >-
      Orthology-based peroxisome localization, concordant with the core peroxisomal compartment.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Peroxisome is the core compartment for Dci.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:DROME/Dci/Dci-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: "SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Peroxisome"
- term:
    id: GO:0004165
    label: delta(3)-delta(2)-enoyl-CoA isomerase activity
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: >-
      Orthology-based delta(3),delta(2)-enoyl-CoA isomerase activity, duplicating the core
      molecular-function call.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Core molecular function of Dci.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:DROME/Dci/Dci-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: "Dodecenoyl-CoA delta-isomerase"
- term:
    id: GO:0005777
    label: peroxisome
  evidence_type: ISM
  original_reference_id: PMID:22758915
  qualifier: located_in
  review:
    summary: >-
      Sequence-model (targeting-signal) prediction of peroxisomal localization from the Drosophila
      peroxisomal-proteome inventory, consistent with the UniProt peroxisomal assignment.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Peroxisome is the core compartment; the prediction agrees with the UniProt and orthology
      evidence.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:22758915
      supporting_text: "The subcellular localization of five of \nthese predicted peroxisomal proteins was confirmed."
      full_text_unavailable: true
- term:
    id: GO:0050829
    label: defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:19046341
  qualifier: involved_in
  review:
    summary: >-
      Mutant-phenotype annotation from a genetic screen for Drosophila susceptibility to intestinal
      Vibrio cholerae (a Gram-negative pathogen) infection, in which Dci was recovered as a hit. This
      is an organism-level phenotype indirect to Dci's enzymatic role in lipid metabolism.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: >-
      A genuine experimental phenotype but peripheral/indirect to the core isomerase function; likely
      reflects the metabolic contribution of fatty-acid oxidation to the infection response rather
      than a dedicated immune role. Retained per the curator's IMP assignment.
references:
- id: GO_REF:0000024
  title: Manual transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to orthologs
    by curator judgment of sequence similarity
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000033
  title: Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000120
  title: Combined Automated Annotation using Multiple IEA Methods
  findings: []
- id: PMID:22758915
  title: An inventory of peroxisomal proteins and pathways in Drosophila melanogaster.
  findings:
  - statement: Dci is among the Drosophila proteins predicted peroxisomal by targeting-signal analysis
      in the peroxisomal-proteome inventory.
    supporting_text: "The subcellular localization of five of \nthese predicted peroxisomal proteins was confirmed."
    full_text_unavailable: true
  reference_review:
    relevance: MEDIUM
    correctness: VERIFIED
    review_notes: "Computational peroxisomal-proteome inventory; source of the ISM peroxisome
      prediction. Abstract-only in cache. Consistent with the UniProt peroxisomal assignment for Dci."
- id: PMID:19046341
  title: Genetic analysis of Drosophila melanogaster susceptibility to intestinal Vibrio
    cholerae infection.
  findings:
  - statement: Dci (CG13890) was recovered in a genetic screen for Drosophila susceptibility to
      intestinal infection by the Gram-negative pathogen Vibrio cholerae.
    supporting_text: "Gram-negative pathogens"
    full_text_unavailable: true
  reference_review:
    relevance: LOW
    correctness: VERIFIED
    review_notes: "Vibrio cholerae susceptibility screen; basis for the (non-core) defense-response
      IMP annotation. The connection to Dci's enzymatic function is indirect."
core_functions:
- description: >-
    delta(3),delta(2)-enoyl-CoA isomerase (EC 5.3.3.8): repositions the double bond of (3Z)/(3E)-enoyl-CoA
    intermediates to (2E)-enoyl-CoA, the auxiliary step that lets unsaturated fatty acids with double
    bonds at odd-numbered positions re-enter the beta-oxidation spiral. Dci is the peroxisomal-type
    (PECI/ECI2-class) isomerase in Drosophila.
  supported_by:
  - reference_id: file:DROME/Dci/Dci-uniprot.txt
    supporting_text: "Dodecenoyl-CoA delta-isomerase"
  molecular_function:
    id: GO:0004165
    label: delta(3)-delta(2)-enoyl-CoA isomerase activity
  directly_involved_in:
  - id: GO:0006635
    label: fatty acid beta-oxidation
  locations:
  - id: GO:0005777
    label: peroxisome
  - id: GO:0005782
    label: peroxisomal matrix
proposed_new_terms: []
suggested_questions:
- question: >-
    Is Drosophila Dci exclusively peroxisomal (as UniProt indicates), or does it also contribute a
    mitochondrial delta(3),delta(2)-enoyl-CoA isomerase pool, and is the mitochondrial ECI1 role
    instead carried by the CG4592/CG4594/CG4598 paralog cluster?
suggested_experiments:
- description: >-
    Tagged-protein localization and organelle fractionation of Dci versus the CG4592/CG4594/CG4598
    mitochondrial enoyl-CoA delta-isomerase paralogs to assign the mitochondrial versus peroxisomal
    isomerase steps of unsaturated fatty acid beta-oxidation in the fly.
  hypothesis: >-
    Dci provides the peroxisomal delta(3),delta(2)-enoyl-CoA isomerase activity while the CG459x
    paralogs provide the mitochondrial activity required for the mitochondrial unsaturated-FAO cassette.