Mon1 (Dmon1, Sand1 family) is the Drosophila ortholog of yeast Mon1 and, with Ccz1, forms the guanine nucleotide exchange factor that activates Rab7 on maturing endosomes; in metazoa the heterodimer is joined by the scaffold subunit Bulli (RMC1). The complex is recruited to and stimulated on Rab5-positive membranes through a conserved Rab5-binding site in Mon1, while the disordered Mon1 N-terminus autoinhibits Rab5-dependent GEF activity. Loss of Dmon1 enlarges maturing endosomes, which accumulate Notch and other transmembrane cargo and fail to acquire Rab7. Mon1 mutants are short-lived with motor defects and show altered neuromuscular junction bouton morphology and elevated postsynaptic glutamate receptor levels.
| GO Term | Evidence | Action | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005085 guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Mon1 contributes to the Rab7 guanine nucleotide exchange factor activity of the Mon1-Ccz1(-Bulli) complex. Reason: Rab7 GEF activity resides in the Mon1-Ccz1 heterodimer (with Bulli in metazoa); the contributes_to qualifier correctly reflects that the activity belongs to the complex. Conserved from yeast Mon1-Ccz1, so the IBA/ISS rows are sound. Supporting Evidence: PMID:32499409 Both the Mon1-Ccz1 dimer and a Bulli-containing trimer display Rab7 GEF activity. PMID:37463208 This requires Rab7 activation by its specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Mon1-Ccz1. |
| GO:0005085 guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity | IDA PMID:37463208 Regulatory sites in the Mon1-Ccz1 complex control Rab5 to Ra... | ACCEPT | Summary: Mon1 contributes to the Rab7 guanine nucleotide exchange factor activity of the Mon1-Ccz1(-Bulli) complex. Reason: Rab7 GEF activity resides in the Mon1-Ccz1 heterodimer (with Bulli in metazoa); the contributes_to qualifier correctly reflects that the activity belongs to the complex. Conserved from yeast Mon1-Ccz1, so the IBA/ISS rows are sound. Supporting Evidence: PMID:32499409 Both the Mon1-Ccz1 dimer and a Bulli-containing trimer display Rab7 GEF activity. PMID:37463208 This requires Rab7 activation by its specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Mon1-Ccz1. |
| GO:0005085 guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity | ISS GO_REF:0000024 | ACCEPT | Summary: Mon1 contributes to the Rab7 guanine nucleotide exchange factor activity of the Mon1-Ccz1(-Bulli) complex. Reason: Rab7 GEF activity resides in the Mon1-Ccz1 heterodimer (with Bulli in metazoa); the contributes_to qualifier correctly reflects that the activity belongs to the complex. Conserved from yeast Mon1-Ccz1, so the IBA/ISS rows are sound. Supporting Evidence: PMID:32499409 Both the Mon1-Ccz1 dimer and a Bulli-containing trimer display Rab7 GEF activity. PMID:37463208 This requires Rab7 activation by its specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Mon1-Ccz1. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:37463208 Regulatory sites in the Mon1-Ccz1 complex control Rab5 to Ra... | MODIFY | Summary: Mon1 binds Rab5. Reason: The interaction with Rab5 (Q9V3I2) is functionally meaningful: a conserved Rab5-binding site in Mon1 is required for membrane GEF activity and growth in vivo. Generic protein binding should be replaced by small GTPase binding. Proposed replacements: small GTPase binding Supporting Evidence: PMID:37463208 Using modeling, we further identify a conserved Rab5-binding site in Mon1. PMID:37463208 Mutations impairing Rab5 interaction result in poor GEF activity on membranes and growth defects in vivo. |
| GO:0005829 cytosol | IDA PMID:23418349 Dmon1 controls recruitment of Rab7 to maturing endosomes in ... | ACCEPT | Summary: Mon1 is found in the cytosol. Reason: The Mon1-Ccz1 complex cycles between the cytosol and Rab5-positive endosomal membranes; correct, though the functional location is the endosome membrane. |
| GO:0005829 cytosol | IEA GO_REF:0000044 | ACCEPT | Summary: Mon1 is found in the cytosol. Reason: The Mon1-Ccz1 complex cycles between the cytosol and Rab5-positive endosomal membranes; correct, though the functional location is the endosome membrane. |
| GO:0006623 protein targeting to vacuole | IEA GO_REF:0000002 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Protein targeting to vacuole (InterPro mapping from the Mon1 family). Reason: Yeast Mon1 is needed for vacuolar protein delivery via Rab7 (Ypt7) activation; the fly equivalent is delivery to lysosomes, which is better captured by the endosome-to-lysosome transport annotations. Retained as non-core. Supporting Evidence: PMID:23418349 Our results suggest that the phenotype can be explained by the loss of function of Rab7. |
| GO:0016192 vesicle-mediated transport | IEA GO_REF:0000002 | MODIFY | Summary: General vesicle-mediated transport. Reason: Correct but general; MODIFY to endosome to lysosome transport via multivesicular body sorting pathway, which Mon1 already carries (IBA, IMP). Proposed replacements: endosome to lysosome transport via multivesicular body sorting pathway Supporting Evidence: PMID:37463208 This requires Rab7 activation by its specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Mon1-Ccz1. |
| GO:0032510 endosome to lysosome transport via multivesicular body sorting pathway | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Mon1 is required for endosome-to-lysosome transport. Reason: Dmon1 loss causes enlarged maturing endosomes that fail to recruit Rab7 and accumulate transmembrane cargo; Mon1 directly performs the Rab7 activation step. The IBA reflects the conserved function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:23418349 loss of function of Dmon1 results in an enlargement of maturing endosomes and loss of their association with Rab7 PMID:23418349 Our results suggest that the phenotype can be explained by the loss of function of Rab7. |
| GO:0032510 endosome to lysosome transport via multivesicular body sorting pathway | IMP PMID:23418349 Dmon1 controls recruitment of Rab7 to maturing endosomes in ... | ACCEPT | Summary: Mon1 is required for endosome-to-lysosome transport. Reason: Dmon1 loss causes enlarged maturing endosomes that fail to recruit Rab7 and accumulate transmembrane cargo; Mon1 directly performs the Rab7 activation step. The IBA reflects the conserved function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:23418349 loss of function of Dmon1 results in an enlargement of maturing endosomes and loss of their association with Rab7 PMID:23418349 Our results suggest that the phenotype can be explained by the loss of function of Rab7. |
| GO:0032511 late endosome to vacuole transport via multivesicular body sorting pathway | NAS PMID:32499409 A trimeric metazoan Rab7 GEF complex is crucial for endocyto... | ACCEPT | Summary: Late endosome to vacuole transport via MVB sorting. Reason: Consistent with the Rab7 GEF role of the complex. Supporting Evidence: PMID:32499409 Recruitment of Rab7 to endosomes requires the Mon1-Ccz1 guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor (GEF). |
| GO:0035658 Mon1-Ccz1 complex | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Mon1 is a subunit of the Mon1-Ccz1 complex. Reason: Direct biochemical co-purification and the cryo-EM structure of the Drosophila Mon1-Ccz1-RMC1(Bulli) trimer establish complex membership. Supporting Evidence: PMID:32499409 full function of the Drosophila Mon1-Ccz1 complex requires a third stoichiometric subunit, termed Bulli (encoded by CG8270) PMID:37216550 we report a near-atomic resolution cryogenic-electron microscopy structure of the Drosophila Mon1-Ccz1-RMC1 complex |
| GO:0035658 Mon1-Ccz1 complex | IDA PMID:37216550 Cryo-EM structure of the Mon1-Ccz1-RMC1 complex reveals mole... | ACCEPT | Summary: Mon1 is a subunit of the Mon1-Ccz1 complex. Reason: Direct biochemical co-purification and the cryo-EM structure of the Drosophila Mon1-Ccz1-RMC1(Bulli) trimer establish complex membership. Supporting Evidence: PMID:32499409 full function of the Drosophila Mon1-Ccz1 complex requires a third stoichiometric subunit, termed Bulli (encoded by CG8270) PMID:37216550 we report a near-atomic resolution cryogenic-electron microscopy structure of the Drosophila Mon1-Ccz1-RMC1 complex |
| GO:0035658 Mon1-Ccz1 complex | IPI PMID:32499409 A trimeric metazoan Rab7 GEF complex is crucial for endocyto... | ACCEPT | Summary: Mon1 is a subunit of the Mon1-Ccz1 complex. Reason: Direct biochemical co-purification and the cryo-EM structure of the Drosophila Mon1-Ccz1-RMC1(Bulli) trimer establish complex membership. Supporting Evidence: PMID:32499409 full function of the Drosophila Mon1-Ccz1 complex requires a third stoichiometric subunit, termed Bulli (encoded by CG8270) PMID:37216550 we report a near-atomic resolution cryogenic-electron microscopy structure of the Drosophila Mon1-Ccz1-RMC1 complex |
| GO:0035658 Mon1-Ccz1 complex | IPI PMID:37463208 Regulatory sites in the Mon1-Ccz1 complex control Rab5 to Ra... | ACCEPT | Summary: Mon1 is a subunit of the Mon1-Ccz1 complex. Reason: Direct biochemical co-purification and the cryo-EM structure of the Drosophila Mon1-Ccz1-RMC1(Bulli) trimer establish complex membership. Supporting Evidence: PMID:32499409 full function of the Drosophila Mon1-Ccz1 complex requires a third stoichiometric subunit, termed Bulli (encoded by CG8270) PMID:37216550 we report a near-atomic resolution cryogenic-electron microscopy structure of the Drosophila Mon1-Ccz1-RMC1 complex |
| GO:0035658 Mon1-Ccz1 complex | ISS GO_REF:0000024 | ACCEPT | Summary: Mon1 is a subunit of the Mon1-Ccz1 complex. Reason: Direct biochemical co-purification and the cryo-EM structure of the Drosophila Mon1-Ccz1-RMC1(Bulli) trimer establish complex membership. Supporting Evidence: PMID:32499409 full function of the Drosophila Mon1-Ccz1 complex requires a third stoichiometric subunit, termed Bulli (encoded by CG8270) PMID:37216550 we report a near-atomic resolution cryogenic-electron microscopy structure of the Drosophila Mon1-Ccz1-RMC1 complex |
| GO:0043083 synaptic cleft | IDA PMID:26290519 A Presynaptic Regulatory System Acts Transsynaptically via M... | UNDECIDED | Summary: Mon1 reported in the synaptic cleft at the larval NMJ. Reason: The abstract proposes a presynaptically regulated transsynaptic mechanism but does not describe Mon1 localisation in the cleft; extracellular localisation of a cytosolic GEF subunit is unexpected and the full text is not available to verify the IDA. Supporting Evidence: PMID:26290519 We propose that DMon1 is part of a presynaptically regulated transsynaptic mechanism that regulates GluRIIA levels at the larval neuromuscular junction. |
| GO:1990624 guanyl nucleotide exchange factor inhibitor activity | IDA PMID:37463208 Regulatory sites in the Mon1-Ccz1 complex control Rab5 to Ra... | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: The Mon1 N-terminal domain autoinhibits the GEF activity of Mon1-Ccz1. Reason: The experiments show intramolecular/intra-complex autoinhibition by the disordered Mon1 N-terminus of the complex Mon1 itself belongs to. This is a regulatory feature of the GEF rather than an activity of Mon1 acting on another GEF, so annotating Mon1 with GEF inhibitor activity overstates it. Supporting Evidence: PMID:37463208 We show that the intrinsically disordered N-terminal domain of Mon1 autoinhibits Rab5-dependent GEF activity on membranes. |
| GO:0006914 autophagy | IMP PMID:27559127 The Ccz1-Mon1-Rab7 module and Rab5 control distinct steps of... | NEW | Summary: Mon1, with Ccz1, is required to recruit Rab7 to autophagosomes for their fusion with lysosomes. Reason: In starved larval fat cells, Mon1 mutant cells fail to recruit Rab7 to Atg8a-positive autophagosomes, accumulate autophagosomes and lack autolysosomes (Hegedus et al. 2016). As the Rab7 GEF subunit, Mon1 performs the Rab7 recruitment/activation step on the autophagosome, so it does part of the work of autophagy rather than merely being necessary for it. Comparators agree - its partner Ccz1 already carries autophagy in fly (ISS from yeast Ccz1), and yeast Mon1 (P53129) carries autophagy by IMP - so this fills a gap in the fly Mon1 record rather than departing from a curation convention. Autophagosome maturation (GO:0097352) is not used because it is defined as the PI3P/Atg8 removal step before fusion; the more specific autophagosome-lysosome fusion term is raised as a suggested question instead. Supporting Evidence: PMID:27559127 Thus the Ccz1-Mon1-Rab7 module is required for autophagosome-lysosome fusion PMID:27559127 In contrast, the mutation of either Ccz1 or Mon1 prevented the colocalization of Atg8a with Rab7 PMID:27559127 Rab7, Ccz1, and Mon1 mutants accumulate autophagosomes and that autolysosomes are absent from these cells |
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Download this section (compressed HTML)Q: How does loss of Mon1 in motor neurons raise postsynaptic GluRIIA levels, and is this explained by defective presynaptic endolysosomal trafficking or by a secreted/transsynaptic pool of Mon1?
Q: Mon1 has no autophagy annotation in GOA (this review proposes autophagy as NEW), although Drosophila Mon1 mutant fat cells fail to recruit Rab7 to autophagosomes and accumulate autophagosomes without forming autolysosomes (PMID:27559127). Should Mon1 (with Ccz1) be annotated to GO:0061909 autophagosome-lysosome fusion, given that no MON1/CCZ1 ortholog currently carries that term?
Experiment: Express GTP-locked Rab7 presynaptically in Dmon1 mutants and test whether bouton morphology and GluRIIA levels are rescued; in parallel, test for extracellular Mon1 at the NMJ by non-permeabilised immunostaining.
Hypothesis: The NMJ phenotypes of Dmon1 mutants arise from loss of presynaptic Rab7 activation.
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Download this section (compressed HTML)Monensin sensitivity 1 (Mon1) encodes a protein that forms a complex with the product of Ccz1 and acts as an exchange factor of the small G-protein encoded by Rab7. It activates and recruits the product of Rab7 to the maturing endosome, inducing the fusion of the matured endosome with the lysosome. Mon1/Ccz1 complex loss of function results in Rab7 phenotypes.
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