Nprl2

UniProt ID: Q9VXA0
Organism: Drosophila melanogaster
Review Status: INITIALIZED
📝 Provide Detailed Feedback

Gene Description

GATOR1 complex subunit that inhibits TORC1 signaling during amino acid limitation and nutrient stress.

Existing Annotations Review

GO Term Evidence Action Reason
GO:0034198 cellular response to amino acid starvation
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: Nprl2 participates in the response to amino-acid starvation.
Reason: The Nprl2/Nprl3 complex mediates an adaptive response to amino-acid starvation.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24786828
The TORC1 inhibitors Nprl2 and Nprl3 mediate an adaptive response to amino-acid starvation in Drosophila.
GO:0005096 GTPase activator activity
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: GATOR1 has Rag GTPase GAP activity; Nprl2 is a GATOR1 subunit.
Reason: GTPase-activating activity is established for GATOR1 (RagA/B), so the IBA is reasonable for Nprl2 but not the primary focus.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:23723238
GATOR1 has GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity for RagA and RagB
GO:1904262 negative regulation of TORC1 signaling
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: Nprl2 inhibits TORC1 signaling, especially under amino-acid starvation.
Reason: Both UniProt and the starvation study describe Nprl2-mediated inhibition of TORC1 in response to amino-acid limitation.
Supporting Evidence:
file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-uniprot.txt
functions as an inhibitor of the amino acid-sensing branch of the TORC1 signaling pathway
PMID:24786828
Nprl2 and Nprl3 inhibit TORC1 signaling in the female germline in response to amino-acid starvation.
GO:0005774 vacuolar membrane
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
MODIFY
Summary: The vacuolar membrane term is yeast-specific; Drosophila data indicate lysosomal localization.
Reason: Replace vacuolar membrane with lysosome to match the Drosophila localization evidence.
Proposed replacements: lysosome
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24786828
Nprl2 and Nprl3 physically interact and are targeted to lysosomes and autolysosomes
GO:1990130 GATOR1 complex
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: Nprl2 is a core subunit of the GATOR1 complex.
Reason: UniProt annotates Nprl2 as a probable GATOR1 subcomplex component, supporting this complex membership.
Supporting Evidence:
file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-uniprot.txt
probable component of the GATOR1 subcomplex which is likely composed of Iml1, Nplr2 and Nplr3
file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-deep-research-falcon.md
Nprl2 is one of three core subunits of GATOR1 (with Iml1/DEPDC5 and Nprl3).
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Nprl2 localizes to the cytoplasm.
Reason: UniProt reports cytoplasmic localization.
Supporting Evidence:
file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm
GO:0005764 lysosome
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Nprl2 localizes to lysosomes under nutrient stress.
Reason: Lysosomal targeting is reported for Nprl2/Nprl3.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24786828
Nprl2 and Nprl3 physically interact and are targeted to lysosomes and autolysosomes
GO:0051301 cell division
IEA
GO_REF:0000043
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: General cell division is too broad relative to the specific mitotic-to-meiotic transition role.
Reason: Evidence indicates a specific mitotic/meiotic transition control rather than broad cell division.
Supporting Evidence:
file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-uniprot.txt
down-regulate TORC1 to slow cellular metabolism and promote the mitotic/meiotic transition
GO:0051321 meiotic cell cycle
IEA
GO_REF:0000043
MODIFY
Summary: Meiotic cell cycle is captured more precisely by germline mitotic-to-meiotic switching.
Reason: Use the more specific germline cell cycle switching term supported by ovarian cyst data.
Supporting Evidence:
file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-uniprot.txt
down-regulate TORC1 to slow cellular metabolism and promote the mitotic/meiotic transition
GO:1904262 negative regulation of TORC1 signaling
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
ACCEPT
Summary: Nprl2 inhibits TORC1 signaling, especially under amino-acid starvation.
Reason: Both UniProt and the starvation study describe Nprl2-mediated inhibition of TORC1 in response to amino-acid limitation.
Supporting Evidence:
file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-uniprot.txt
functions as an inhibitor of the amino acid-sensing branch of the TORC1 signaling pathway
PMID:24786828
Nprl2 and Nprl3 inhibit TORC1 signaling in the female germline in response to amino-acid starvation.
GO:0034198 cellular response to amino acid starvation
NAS
PMID:24786828
The TORC1 inhibitors Nprl2 and Nprl3 mediate an adaptive res...
ACCEPT
Summary: Nprl2 participates in the response to amino-acid starvation.
Reason: The Nprl2/Nprl3 complex mediates an adaptive response to amino-acid starvation.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24786828
The TORC1 inhibitors Nprl2 and Nprl3 mediate an adaptive response to amino-acid starvation in Drosophila.
GO:1904262 negative regulation of TORC1 signaling
NAS
PMID:24786828
The TORC1 inhibitors Nprl2 and Nprl3 mediate an adaptive res...
ACCEPT
Summary: Nprl2 inhibits TORC1 signaling, especially under amino-acid starvation.
Reason: Both UniProt and the starvation study describe Nprl2-mediated inhibition of TORC1 in response to amino-acid limitation.
Supporting Evidence:
file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-uniprot.txt
functions as an inhibitor of the amino acid-sensing branch of the TORC1 signaling pathway
PMID:24786828
Nprl2 and Nprl3 inhibit TORC1 signaling in the female germline in response to amino-acid starvation.
GO:1904262 negative regulation of TORC1 signaling
IMP
PMID:24786828
The TORC1 inhibitors Nprl2 and Nprl3 mediate an adaptive res...
ACCEPT
Summary: Nprl2 inhibits TORC1 signaling, especially under amino-acid starvation.
Reason: Both UniProt and the starvation study describe Nprl2-mediated inhibition of TORC1 in response to amino-acid limitation.
Supporting Evidence:
file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-uniprot.txt
functions as an inhibitor of the amino acid-sensing branch of the TORC1 signaling pathway
PMID:24786828
Nprl2 and Nprl3 inhibit TORC1 signaling in the female germline in response to amino-acid starvation.
GO:0009267 cellular response to starvation
IMP
PMID:27672113
The GATOR1 Complex Regulates Metabolic Homeostasis and the R...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Starvation response is supported but primarily in the amino-acid limitation context.
Reason: Evidence supports amino-acid starvation response; the broader starvation term is acceptable but not core.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24786828
The TORC1 inhibitors Nprl2 and Nprl3 mediate an adaptive response to amino-acid starvation in Drosophila.
PMID:27672113
The GATOR1 Complex Regulates Metabolic Homeostasis and the Response to Nutrient Stress in Drosophila melanogaster.
GO:0010898 positive regulation of triglyceride catabolic process
IMP
PMID:27672113
The GATOR1 Complex Regulates Metabolic Homeostasis and the R...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Nprl2 affects TAG storage, but direct positive regulation of triglyceride catabolism is not shown.
Reason: Reported phenotype is reduced TAG storage in mutants, which does not directly demonstrate increased triglyceride catabolism.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:27672113
nprl2 and nprl3 mutant adults contain reduced amounts of stored TAG relative to wild-type animals
GO:1904262 negative regulation of TORC1 signaling
IGI
PMID:27672113
The GATOR1 Complex Regulates Metabolic Homeostasis and the R...
ACCEPT
Summary: Nprl2 inhibits TORC1 signaling, especially under amino-acid starvation.
Reason: Both UniProt and the starvation study describe Nprl2-mediated inhibition of TORC1 in response to amino-acid limitation.
Supporting Evidence:
file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-uniprot.txt
functions as an inhibitor of the amino acid-sensing branch of the TORC1 signaling pathway
PMID:24786828
Nprl2 and Nprl3 inhibit TORC1 signaling in the female germline in response to amino-acid starvation.
PMID:27672113
The GATOR1 Complex Regulates Metabolic Homeostasis and the Response to Nutrient Stress in Drosophila melanogaster.
GO:0051729 germline cell cycle switching, mitotic to meiotic cell cycle
IGI
PMID:25512509
TORC1 regulators Iml1/GATOR1 and GATOR2 control meiotic entr...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Nprl2 promotes the mitotic-to-meiotic transition in germline cysts via TORC1 inhibition.
Reason: GATOR1 members down-regulate TORC1 to promote the mitotic/meiotic transition.
Supporting Evidence:
file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-uniprot.txt
down-regulate TORC1 to slow cellular metabolism and promote the mitotic/meiotic transition
PMID:25512509
TORC1 regulators Iml1/GATOR1 and GATOR2 control meiotic entry and oocyte development in Drosophila.
GO:1904262 negative regulation of TORC1 signaling
IMP
PMID:27672113
The GATOR1 Complex Regulates Metabolic Homeostasis and the R...
ACCEPT
Summary: Nprl2 inhibits TORC1 signaling, especially under amino-acid starvation.
Reason: Both UniProt and the starvation study describe Nprl2-mediated inhibition of TORC1 in response to amino-acid limitation.
Supporting Evidence:
file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-uniprot.txt
functions as an inhibitor of the amino acid-sensing branch of the TORC1 signaling pathway
PMID:24786828
Nprl2 and Nprl3 inhibit TORC1 signaling in the female germline in response to amino-acid starvation.
PMID:27672113
The GATOR1 Complex Regulates Metabolic Homeostasis and the Response to Nutrient Stress in Drosophila melanogaster.
GO:0035859 Seh1-associated complex
IDA
PMID:27166823
The GATOR2 Component Wdr24 Regulates TORC1 Activity and Lyso...
MODIFY
Summary: The SEA/GATOR complex term is broader than the specific GATOR1 complex membership.
Reason: Evidence supports GATOR1 subcomplex membership; use the specific GATOR1 complex term.
Proposed replacements: GATOR1 complex
Supporting Evidence:
file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-uniprot.txt
Component of the GATOR complex consisting of mio, Nup44A/Seh1, Im11, Nplr3, Nplr2, Wdr24, Wdr59 and Sec13
PMID:27166823
The GATOR2 Component Wdr24 Regulates TORC1 Activity and Lysosome Function.
GO:1904262 negative regulation of TORC1 signaling
IGI
PMID:27166823
The GATOR2 Component Wdr24 Regulates TORC1 Activity and Lyso...
ACCEPT
Summary: Nprl2 inhibits TORC1 signaling, especially under amino-acid starvation.
Reason: Both UniProt and the starvation study describe Nprl2-mediated inhibition of TORC1 in response to amino-acid limitation.
Supporting Evidence:
file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-uniprot.txt
functions as an inhibitor of the amino acid-sensing branch of the TORC1 signaling pathway
PMID:24786828
Nprl2 and Nprl3 inhibit TORC1 signaling in the female germline in response to amino-acid starvation.
PMID:27166823
The GATOR2 Component Wdr24 Regulates TORC1 Activity and Lysosome Function.
GO:1990130 GATOR1 complex
TAS
PMID:27166823
The GATOR2 Component Wdr24 Regulates TORC1 Activity and Lyso...
ACCEPT
Summary: Nprl2 is a core subunit of the GATOR1 complex.
Reason: UniProt annotates Nprl2 as a probable GATOR1 subcomplex component, supporting this complex membership.
Supporting Evidence:
file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-uniprot.txt
probable component of the GATOR1 subcomplex which is likely composed of Iml1, Nplr2 and Nplr3
PMID:27166823
The GATOR2 Component Wdr24 Regulates TORC1 Activity and Lysosome Function.
GO:0032007 negative regulation of TOR signaling
IMP
PMID:23723238
A Tumor suppressor complex with GAP activity for the Rag GTP...
MODIFY
Summary: This term is too general for the specific TORC1 inhibition shown for Nprl2.
Reason: Evidence supports inhibition of TORC1 specifically; replace with the TORC1-specific term.
Supporting Evidence:
file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-uniprot.txt
functions as an inhibitor of the amino acid-sensing branch of the TORC1 signaling pathway
PMID:23723238
A Tumor suppressor complex with GAP activity for the Rag GTPases that signal amino acid sufficiency to mTORC1.
GO:0034198 cellular response to amino acid starvation
IMP
PMID:23723238
A Tumor suppressor complex with GAP activity for the Rag GTP...
ACCEPT
Summary: Nprl2 participates in the response to amino-acid starvation.
Reason: The Nprl2/Nprl3 complex mediates an adaptive response to amino-acid starvation.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24786828
The TORC1 inhibitors Nprl2 and Nprl3 mediate an adaptive response to amino-acid starvation in Drosophila.
PMID:23723238
A Tumor suppressor complex with GAP activity for the Rag GTPases that signal amino acid sufficiency to mTORC1.
GO:0007293 germarium-derived egg chamber formation
IGI
PMID:25512509
TORC1 regulators Iml1/GATOR1 and GATOR2 control meiotic entr...
MODIFY
Summary: Evidence points to oogenesis/meiotic entry roles rather than the specific egg chamber formation term.
Reason: Use the broader oogenesis term supported by meiotic entry/oocyte development data.
Proposed replacements: oogenesis
Supporting Evidence:
file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-uniprot.txt
control meiotic entry and promote oocyte growth and development
PMID:25512509
TORC1 regulators Iml1/GATOR1 and GATOR2 control meiotic entry and oocyte development in Drosophila.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:24786828
The TORC1 inhibitors Nprl2 and Nprl3 mediate an adaptive res...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Nprl2 physically interacts with Nprl3.
Reason: Interaction evidence supports protein binding, but the term is generic and not core.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24786828
Nprl2 and Nprl3 physically interact
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:24786828
The TORC1 inhibitors Nprl2 and Nprl3 mediate an adaptive res...
UNDECIDED
Summary: Nuclear localization is not supported by the accessible sources used for this review.
Reason: Available curated localization statements emphasize cytoplasm/lysosome/autolysosome without nuclear evidence.
Supporting Evidence:
file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Lysosome
PMID:24786828
The TORC1 inhibitors Nprl2 and Nprl3 mediate an adaptive response to amino-acid starvation in Drosophila.
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IDA
PMID:24786828
The TORC1 inhibitors Nprl2 and Nprl3 mediate an adaptive res...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Nprl2 localizes to the cytoplasm.
Reason: UniProt reports cytoplasmic localization.
Supporting Evidence:
file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm
PMID:24786828
The TORC1 inhibitors Nprl2 and Nprl3 mediate an adaptive response to amino-acid starvation in Drosophila.
GO:0034198 cellular response to amino acid starvation
IMP
PMID:24786828
The TORC1 inhibitors Nprl2 and Nprl3 mediate an adaptive res...
ACCEPT
Summary: Nprl2 participates in the response to amino-acid starvation.
Reason: The Nprl2/Nprl3 complex mediates an adaptive response to amino-acid starvation.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24786828
The TORC1 inhibitors Nprl2 and Nprl3 mediate an adaptive response to amino-acid starvation in Drosophila.
GO:0044754 autolysosome
IDA
PMID:24786828
The TORC1 inhibitors Nprl2 and Nprl3 mediate an adaptive res...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Nprl2 localizes to autolysosomes during amino-acid starvation.
Reason: UniProt notes primary localization to autolysosomes under amino-acid starvation.
Supporting Evidence:
file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-uniprot.txt
Localizes primarily to the autolysosomes during amino-acid starvation
PMID:24786828
The TORC1 inhibitors Nprl2 and Nprl3 mediate an adaptive response to amino-acid starvation in Drosophila.
GO:0045792 negative regulation of cell size
IMP
PMID:24786828
The TORC1 inhibitors Nprl2 and Nprl3 mediate an adaptive res...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Nprl2 restrains TORC1-dependent cell growth, consistent with negative regulation of cell size.
Reason: GATOR1 inhibition of TORC1-dependent growth supports reduced cell size/growth phenotypes.
Supporting Evidence:
file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-uniprot.txt
inhibiting TORC1-dependent cell growth
PMID:24786828
The TORC1 inhibitors Nprl2 and Nprl3 mediate an adaptive response to amino-acid starvation in Drosophila.
GO:0048477 oogenesis
IMP
PMID:24786828
The TORC1 inhibitors Nprl2 and Nprl3 mediate an adaptive res...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Nprl2 participates in oogenesis through GATOR1 control of meiotic entry and oocyte development.
Reason: UniProt describes GATOR1 roles in meiotic entry and oocyte growth.
Supporting Evidence:
file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-uniprot.txt
control meiotic entry and promote oocyte growth and development
PMID:24786828
The TORC1 inhibitors Nprl2 and Nprl3 mediate an adaptive response to amino-acid starvation in Drosophila.
GO:0035859 Seh1-associated complex
ISS
PMID:21454883
A conserved coatomer-related complex containing Sec13 and Se...
MODIFY
Summary: The SEA/GATOR complex term is broader than the specific GATOR1 complex membership.
Reason: Evidence supports GATOR1 subcomplex membership; use the specific GATOR1 complex term.
Proposed replacements: GATOR1 complex
Supporting Evidence:
file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-uniprot.txt
Component of the GATOR complex consisting of mio, Nup44A/Seh1, Im11, Nplr3, Nplr2, Wdr24, Wdr59 and Sec13
PMID:21454883
A conserved coatomer-related complex containing Sec13 and Seh1 dynamically associates with the vacuole in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
GO:0005096 GTPase activator activity
TAS
PMID:23723238
A Tumor suppressor complex with GAP activity for the Rag GTP...
NEW
Summary: GATOR1 provides RagA/B GAP activity that inhibits TORC1 signaling.
Reason: GATOR1 is the Nprl2/Nprl3/Iml1 complex and is reported to have GTPase-activating protein activity for RagA/B, supporting a GTPase activator activity annotation for its subunits.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:23723238
GATOR1 has GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity for RagA and RagB, and its components are mutated in human cancer

Core Functions

Nprl2 is a GATOR1 subunit that contributes to Rag GTPase-activating activity to inhibit TORC1 during amino acid starvation.

Supporting Evidence:
  • file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-deep-research-falcon.md
    Nprl2 is one of three core subunits of GATOR1 (with Iml1/DEPDC5 and Nprl3).
  • PMID:24786828
    Nprl2 and Nprl3 inhibit TORC1 signaling in the female germline in response to amino-acid starvation.

References

Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees
Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot keyword mapping
Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Subcellular Location vocabulary mapping, accompanied by conservative changes to GO terms applied by UniProt
Electronic Gene Ontology annotations created by ARBA machine learning models
A conserved coatomer-related complex containing Sec13 and Seh1 dynamically associates with the vacuole in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
A Tumor suppressor complex with GAP activity for the Rag GTPases that signal amino acid sufficiency to mTORC1.
The TORC1 inhibitors Nprl2 and Nprl3 mediate an adaptive response to amino-acid starvation in Drosophila.
TORC1 regulators Iml1/GATOR1 and GATOR2 control meiotic entry and oocyte development in Drosophila.
The GATOR2 Component Wdr24 Regulates TORC1 Activity and Lysosome Function.
The GATOR1 Complex Regulates Metabolic Homeostasis and the Response to Nutrient Stress in Drosophila melanogaster.

📚 Additional Documentation

Deep Research Falcon

(Nprl2-deep-research-falcon.md)

provider: falcon
model: Edison Scientific Literature
cached: true
start_time: '2026-02-01T16:13:09.428081'
end_time: '2026-02-01T16:13:09.430001'
duration_seconds: 0.0
template_file: templates/gene_research_go_focused.md
template_variables:
organism: DROME
gene_id: Nprl2
gene_symbol: Nprl2
uniprot_accession: Q9VXA0
protein_description: 'RecName: Full=GATOR complex protein NPRL2 {ECO:0000305}; AltName:
Full=Nitrogen permease regulator 2-like protein {ECO:0000312|FlyBase:FBgn0030800};'
gene_info: Name=Nprl2 {ECO:0000312|FlyBase:FBgn0030800}; ORFNames=CG9104 {ECO:0000312|FlyBase:FBgn0030800};
organism_full: Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly).
protein_family: Belongs to the NPR2 family. .
protein_domains: NPR2-like. (IPR009348); NPR2 (PF06218)
provider_config:
timeout: 600
max_retries: 3
parameters:
allowed_domains: []
temperature: 0.1
citation_count: 14


Question

Gene Research for Functional Annotation

⚠️ CRITICAL: Gene/Protein Identification Context

BEFORE YOU BEGIN RESEARCH: You MUST verify you are researching the CORRECT gene/protein. Gene symbols can be ambiguous, especially for less well-characterized genes from non-model organisms.

Target Gene/Protein Identity (from UniProt):

  • UniProt Accession: Q9VXA0
  • Protein Description: RecName: Full=GATOR complex protein NPRL2 {ECO:0000305}; AltName: Full=Nitrogen permease regulator 2-like protein {ECO:0000312|FlyBase:FBgn0030800};
  • Gene Information: Name=Nprl2 {ECO:0000312|FlyBase:FBgn0030800}; ORFNames=CG9104 {ECO:0000312|FlyBase:FBgn0030800};
  • Organism (full): Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly).
  • Protein Family: Belongs to the NPR2 family. .
  • Key Domains: NPR2-like. (IPR009348); NPR2 (PF06218)

MANDATORY VERIFICATION STEPS:

  1. Check if the gene symbol "Nprl2" matches the protein description above
  2. Verify the organism is correct: Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly).
  3. Check if protein family/domains align with what you find in literature
  4. If you find literature for a DIFFERENT gene with the same or similar symbol, STOP

If Gene Symbol is Ambiguous or You Cannot Find Relevant Literature:

DO NOT PROCEED WITH RESEARCH ON A DIFFERENT GENE. Instead:
- State clearly: "The gene symbol 'Nprl2' is ambiguous or literature is limited for this specific protein"
- Explain what you found (e.g., "Found extensive literature on a different gene with the same symbol in a different organism")
- Describe the protein based ONLY on the UniProt information provided above
- Suggest that the protein function can be inferred from domain/family information

Research Target:

Please provide a comprehensive research report on the gene Nprl2 (gene ID: Nprl2, UniProt: Q9VXA0) in DROME.

The research report should be a detailed narrative explaining the function, biological processes, and localization of the gene product. Citations should be given for all claims.

You should prioritize authoritative reviews and primary scientific literature when conducting research. You can supplement
this with annotations you find in gene/protein databases, but these can be outdated or inaccurate.

We are specifically interested in the primary function of the gene - for enzymes, what reaction is catalyzed, and what is the substrate specificity? For transporters, what is the substrate? For structural proteins or adapters, what is the broader structural role? For signaling molecules, what is the role in the pathway.

We are interested in where in or outside the cell the gene product carries out its function.

We are also interested in the signaling or biochemical pathways in which the gene functions. We are less interested in broad pleiotropic effects, except where these elucidate the precise role.

Include evidence where possible. We are interested in both experimental evidence as well as inference from structure, evolution, or bioinformatic analysis. Precise studies should be prioritized over high-throughput, where available.

Output

Question: You are an expert researcher providing comprehensive, well-cited information.

Provide detailed information focusing on:
1. Key concepts and definitions with current understanding
2. Recent developments and latest research (prioritize 2023-2024 sources)
3. Current applications and real-world implementations
4. Expert opinions and analysis from authoritative sources
5. Relevant statistics and data from recent studies

Format as a comprehensive research report with proper citations. Include URLs and publication dates where available.
Always prioritize recent, authoritative sources and provide specific citations for all major claims.

Gene Research for Functional Annotation

⚠️ CRITICAL: Gene/Protein Identification Context

BEFORE YOU BEGIN RESEARCH: You MUST verify you are researching the CORRECT gene/protein. Gene symbols can be ambiguous, especially for less well-characterized genes from non-model organisms.

Target Gene/Protein Identity (from UniProt):

  • UniProt Accession: Q9VXA0
  • Protein Description: RecName: Full=GATOR complex protein NPRL2 {ECO:0000305}; AltName: Full=Nitrogen permease regulator 2-like protein {ECO:0000312|FlyBase:FBgn0030800};
  • Gene Information: Name=Nprl2 {ECO:0000312|FlyBase:FBgn0030800}; ORFNames=CG9104 {ECO:0000312|FlyBase:FBgn0030800};
  • Organism (full): Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly).
  • Protein Family: Belongs to the NPR2 family. .
  • Key Domains: NPR2-like. (IPR009348); NPR2 (PF06218)

MANDATORY VERIFICATION STEPS:

  1. Check if the gene symbol "Nprl2" matches the protein description above
  2. Verify the organism is correct: Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly).
  3. Check if protein family/domains align with what you find in literature
  4. If you find literature for a DIFFERENT gene with the same or similar symbol, STOP

If Gene Symbol is Ambiguous or You Cannot Find Relevant Literature:

DO NOT PROCEED WITH RESEARCH ON A DIFFERENT GENE. Instead:
- State clearly: "The gene symbol 'Nprl2' is ambiguous or literature is limited for this specific protein"
- Explain what you found (e.g., "Found extensive literature on a different gene with the same symbol in a different organism")
- Describe the protein based ONLY on the UniProt information provided above
- Suggest that the protein function can be inferred from domain/family information

Research Target:

Please provide a comprehensive research report on the gene Nprl2 (gene ID: Nprl2, UniProt: Q9VXA0) in DROME.

The research report should be a detailed narrative explaining the function, biological processes, and localization of the gene product. Citations should be given for all claims.

You should prioritize authoritative reviews and primary scientific literature when conducting research. You can supplement
this with annotations you find in gene/protein databases, but these can be outdated or inaccurate.

We are specifically interested in the primary function of the gene - for enzymes, what reaction is catalyzed, and what is the substrate specificity? For transporters, what is the substrate? For structural proteins or adapters, what is the broader structural role? For signaling molecules, what is the role in the pathway.

We are interested in where in or outside the cell the gene product carries out its function.

We are also interested in the signaling or biochemical pathways in which the gene functions. We are less interested in broad pleiotropic effects, except where these elucidate the precise role.

Include evidence where possible. We are interested in both experimental evidence as well as inference from structure, evolution, or bioinformatic analysis. Precise studies should be prioritized over high-throughput, where available.

Plan overview
- Verified identity: Nprl2 (CG9104; FBgn0030800) in Drosophila melanogaster encodes a conserved GATOR1 subunit (UniProt Q9VXA0), belonging to the NPR2/NPRL2-like family. No symbol ambiguity was detected within D. melanogaster. (context verification)
- Evidence focus: primary Drosophila experiments on GATOR1/Nprl2 in oogenesis and DNA damage response; conserved mechanistic reviews of Rag–mTORC1 signaling; 2023 advances linking NPRL2 post‑translational regulation to methionine/SAM sensing; mammalian NPRL2 studies for localization and mTORC1‑independent roles.

Gene/protein identity verification
- Target matches UniProt Q9VXA0: Drosophila melanogaster Nprl2 (CG9104) annotated as GATOR complex protein NPRL2/Nitrogen permease regulator 2‑like; family/domain annotations concordant with NPR2/NPRL2‑like. No conflicting gene symbol usage in fly was found. (context verification)

1) Key concepts and definitions (current understanding)
- Complex membership and pathway role: Nprl2 is one of three core subunits of GATOR1 (with Iml1/DEPDC5 and Nprl3). GATOR1 is the Rag GTPase-activating protein (GAP) complex that inhibits TORC1/mTORC1 in response to amino‑acid limitation; within GATOR1, NPRL2 contains a catalytic arginine (“arginine finger”) that stimulates RagA/B GTP hydrolysis to turn off mTORC1 signaling. In metazoans, GATOR1 opposes GATOR2, which relays amino‑acid sensors to relieve GATOR1 and promote TORC1 activation when nutrients are sufficient. (lamasherpa2023 review, doi:10.1042/bst20210038, Mar 2023; URL: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst20210038) (lamasherpa2023regulationofmtorc1 pages 2-4, lamasherpa2023regulationofmtorc1 pages 8-9)
- Drosophila functional context: In fly oogenesis, GATOR1 (Iml1/Nprl2/Nprl3) downregulates TORC1 when meiotic double-strand breaks (DSBs) arise; restraining TORC1 via GATOR1 and TSC promotes timely DSB repair and prevents excessive p53 activation. GATOR2 (Mio) antagonizes this inhibition to enable growth later in oogenesis. (Wei et al., eLife, Oct 2019; doi:10.7554/eLife.42149; URL: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.42149) (wei2019thegatorcomplex pages 1-3, wei2019thegatorcomplex pages 3-4)

2) Recent developments and latest research (prioritize 2023–2024)
- Post‑translational regulation of NPRL2 links methionine/SAM to GATOR1: PRMT1 cooperates with the SAM sensor SAMTOR to control mTORC1 methionine sensing by arginine methylation of NPRL2. PRMT1 selectively methylates NPRL2 (not DEPDC5/NPRL3), with asymmetric dimethylation at R6 and R78; R78 is a major functional site. SAMTOR and PRMT1 bind GATOR1 in a mutually exclusive, SAM‑responsive manner. Methionine increases lysosomal PRMT1 and mTOR localization and elevates lysosomal ADMA signals; PRMT1 activity is required for methionine/SAM‑induced mTORC1 activation and lysosomal mTORC1 colocalization. Mechanistically, methylation of NPRL2 suppresses GATOR1 GAP activity, facilitating mTORC1 activation. (Jiang et al., Cell Metabolism, Dec 2023; doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2023.11.001; URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2023.11.001) (jiang2023prmt1orchestrateswith pages 1-3, jiang2023prmt1orchestrateswith pages 5-6, jiang2023prmt1orchestrateswith pages 6-8, jiang2023prmt1orchestrateswith pages 26-30)
- Consolidated 2023 perspective on Rag–lysosome control of mTORC1: Reviews reaffirm GATOR1 as RagA/B GAP, Ragulator as Rag GEF/lysosomal scaffold, and the lysosome as the mTORC1 control hub integrating amino‑acid sensors (CASTORs, Sestrins, SAMTOR) and transporters (e.g., SLC38A9). These updates refine isoform/tissue‑specific nuances and stress‑dependent lysosomal targeting of TSC2. (Biochemical Society Transactions review, Mar 2023; doi:10.1042/bst20210038; URL: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst20210038) (lamasherpa2023regulationofmtorc1 pages 2-4, lamasherpa2023regulationofmtorc1 pages 8-9)

3) Molecular function, localization, and pathway placement
- Molecular function: Nprl2 is a GATOR1 catalytic subunit contributing the arginine finger essential for GAP activity toward RagA/B, thereby inhibiting TORC1 during amino‑acid starvation or damage responses. In Drosophila, loss of any GATOR1 subunit elevates TORC1 activity and blunts starvation‑induced autophagy. (Wei et al., 2019; URL: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.42149) (wei2019thegatorcomplex pages 1-3, wei2019thegatorcomplex pages 7-9)
- Subcellular localization relevant to function: The GATOR1–Rag–Ragulator axis operates at lysosomes; Ragulator tethers Rags to lysosomes and enables mTORC1 recruitment for activation in nutrient‑replete states, whereas GATOR1’s GAP activity on Rags disengages mTORC1 when nutrients are limiting. KICSTOR recruits GATOR1 to lysosomes under stress, coordinating with Ragulator/Rags. (Lama‑Sherpa et al., 2023; URL: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst20210038) (lamasherpa2023regulationofmtorc1 pages 2-4, lamasherpa2023regulationofmtorc1 pages 8-9); (Jiang et al., 2023; URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2023.11.001) (jiang2023prmt1orchestrateswith pages 19-20)
- Potential nuclear roles and mTORC1‑independent activities (conserved insights): In human cells, NPRL2 can accumulate in the nucleus upon proteasome inhibition and its overexpression induces NOX2‑dependent ROS, DNA damage signaling, and cell‑cycle arrest, indicating functions beyond canonical mTORC1 regulation. These data suggest possible conserved non‑lysosomal roles that merit evaluation in Drosophila. (Ma et al., Sci Rep, Nov 2017; doi:10.1038/s41598-017-15497-0; URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-15497-0) (ma2017tumorsuppressornprl2 pages 2-4, ma2017tumorsuppressornprl2 pages 13-13)
- Placement relative to GATOR2/Mio: In the fly germline, GATOR2 (via Mio) antagonizes GATOR1/TSC to prevent prolonged TORC1 suppression after DSB‑triggered checkpoint activation, thereby permitting oocyte growth. Loss of Mio causes constitutive TORC1 downregulation and growth defects that are suppressed by reducing GATOR1 activity or preventing meiotic DSBs. (Wei et al., 2019; URL: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.42149) (wei2019thegatorcomplex pages 3-4, wei2019thegatorcomplex pages 1-3)

4) Drosophila experimental phenotypes and precise roles
- Meiotic DSB response and p53 activation: GATOR1 mutants (including nprl2 and nprl3 nulls) show elevated TORC1 and delayed repair of meiotic DSBs. In GATOR1 mutants, TORC1 activity in ovaries is ~3× wild type, DSBs persist into later stages, and p53 is hyperactivated. Quantitatively, whereas <5% of region 3 cysts exhibit p53‑GFPnls signal in wild type, nearly 80% do so in GATOR1 mutants, indicating checkpoint stress. Genetic reduction of S6K dosage suppresses excess DSBs in iml1-depleted germlines, implicating TORC1→S6K in the repair delay. (Wei et al., 2019; URL: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.42149) (wei2019thegatorcomplex pages 15-17, wei2019thegatorcomplex pages 7-9)
- Autophagy and starvation response: GATOR1 mutants fail to induce autophagy appropriately upon starvation, consistent with GATOR1’s role as a TORC1 inhibitor in amino‑acid limitation. (Wei et al., 2019; URL: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.42149) (wei2019thegatorcomplex pages 7-9)
- Retrotransposon control: In nprl3 mutants, retrotransposon transcripts are elevated by qRT‑PCR; increases are largely suppressed when meiotic DSB formation is blocked (mei‑P22) and are additive with loss of p53, indicating that GATOR1 and p53 act in parallel to restrain transposons during DSB episodes. (Wei et al., 2019; URL: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.42149) (wei2019thegatorcomplex pages 13-15)
- DNA damage sensitivity: GATOR1 mutants show reduced survival after low‑dose γ‑irradiation, consistent with compromised DNA damage responses when TORC1 is hyperactive. (Wei et al., 2019; URL: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.42149) (wei2019thegatorcomplex pages 15-17)

5) Current applications and real‑world implementations
- Nutrient‑sensing therapeutics and metabolic modulation: The PRMT1–SAMTOR–GATOR1 axis offers a druggable interface connecting methionine/SAM levels to mTORC1 via NPRL2 methylation. PRMT1 inhibition or SAM lowering blunts methionine‑induced mTORC1 activation and lysosomal recruitment, suggesting strategies to modulate mTORC1 through NPRL2 PTMs. While demonstrated in mammalian systems, the conservation of GATOR1 architecture argues for translational relevance and testable hypotheses in Drosophila. (Jiang et al., 2023; URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2023.11.001) (jiang2023prmt1orchestrateswith pages 26-30, jiang2023prmt1orchestrateswith pages 5-6)
- Disease relevance of GATOR1 components: Human literature continues to link DEPDC5/NPRL2/NPRL3 variants to neurological phenotypes, including epilepsy, emphasizing GATOR1’s clinical significance as a lysosomal mTORC1 checkpoint. (Review overview, Int J Mol Sci, Feb 2023; doi:10.3390/ijms24044223; URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24044223) (jiang2023prmt1orchestrateswith pages 20-21)

6) Expert opinions and authoritative perspectives
- Consensus models: Recent reviews and perspectives converge on a lysosome‑centric model where Ragulator (lysosomal scaffold/GEF) and GATOR1 (Rag GAP) integrate amino‑acid sensors to govern mTORC1 translocation and activation; TSC/Rheb integrates growth factor and stress cues at the same compartment. These models frame Nprl2 as a catalytic inhibitory node whose regulation (including arginine methylation) tunes nutrient decisions. (Biochemical Society Transactions, Mar 2023; URL: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst20210038) (lamasherpa2023regulationofmtorc1 pages 2-4, lamasherpa2023regulationofmtorc1 pages 8-9)
- Fly germline checkpoint logic: Expert work in eLife (2019) positions GATOR1 as a key mediator of a meiotic DSB‑triggered metabolic checkpoint, with GATOR2/Mio relieving inhibition to allow growth—an elegant in vivo illustration of how nutrient and genome integrity signals intersect via TORC1 control. (Wei et al., 2019; URL: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.42149) (wei2019thegatorcomplex pages 3-4, wei2019thegatorcomplex pages 1-3)

7) Relevant statistics and quantitative data from recent studies
- Drosophila oogenesis (GATOR1 mutants): TORC1 activity ~3× higher than wild type in mutant ovaries; p53 activation in region 3 cysts rises from <5% (WT) to ~80% (GATOR1 mutants); S6K dose reduction suppresses elevated DSB numbers in iml1‑depleted germlines; atg1 or 4E‑BP loss does not recapitulate the DSB phenotype, arguing for a TORC1→S6K‑specific mechanism. (Wei et al., 2019; URL: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.42149) (wei2019thegatorcomplex pages 15-17, wei2019thegatorcomplex pages 7-9)
- NPRL2 methylation kinetics and SAM sensitivity (mammalian cells): NPRL2 R78 asymmetric dimethylation responds to SAM availability (Km for PRMT1 on NPRL2 ~5 μM SAM); SAMTOR binds SAM with Kd ~7 μM, PRMT1 with Kd ~26 μM; methionine promotes PRMT1 and mTOR lysosomal localization and increases lysosomal ADMA signal; PRMT1 loss reduces mTOR–LAMP2 colocalization (Pearson correlation quantitation) and impairs methionine‑induced mTORC1 activation. (Jiang et al., 2023; URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2023.11.001) (jiang2023prmt1orchestrateswith pages 5-6, jiang2023prmt1orchestrateswith pages 6-8, jiang2023prmt1orchestrateswith pages 26-30)

Functional annotation summary for Drosophila Nprl2 (Q9VXA0)
- Primary molecular role: Catalytic subunit of the GATOR1 complex, acting as a RagA/B GAP to inhibit TORC1 during amino‑acid starvation and in response to meiotic DSBs. (lamasherpa2023regulationofmtorc1 pages 2-4, lamasherpa2023regulationofmtorc1 pages 8-9, wei2019thegatorcomplex pages 3-4)
- Cellular localization where function is executed: Functions at the lysosomal signaling hub through the Ragulator–Rag–GATOR1 axis; Drosophila phenotypes support pathway activity in the germline during oogenesis. (lamasherpa2023regulationofmtorc1 pages 2-4, lamasherpa2023regulationofmtorc1 pages 8-9, wei2019thegatorcomplex pages 1-3)
- Pathway wiring: Upstream amino‑acid sensors signal via GATOR2 to modulate GATOR1; KICSTOR recruits GATOR1 to lysosomes; downstream TORC1 effectors (e.g., S6K) mediate impacts on DSB repair timing and checkpoint signaling. (jiang2023prmt1orchestrateswith pages 19-20, wei2019thegatorcomplex pages 15-17, wei2019thegatorcomplex pages 3-4)
- Phenotypic consequences of loss: Elevated TORC1, impaired starvation‑induced autophagy, delayed meiotic DSB repair, strong p53 hyperactivation, increased retrotransposon expression, and reduced survival to γ‑irradiation. (wei2019thegatorcomplex pages 7-9, wei2019thegatorcomplex pages 15-17, wei2019thegatorcomplex pages 13-15)
- Regulatory innovation (2023): Methionine/SAM‑dependent PRMT1‑mediated methylation of NPRL2 R78 attenuates GATOR1 GAP activity, providing a tunable nutrient‑sensing PTM rheostat for mTORC1 control that likely generalizes across metazoans. (jiang2023prmt1orchestrateswith pages 1-3, jiang2023prmt1orchestrateswith pages 6-8)

Notes on ambiguity
- The symbol “Nprl2/NPRL2” is used across species. All Drosophila-specific functional claims above are supported by fly studies (Wei et al., 2019). Mammalian studies (Ma 2017; Jiang 2023) are invoked to clarify conserved mechanisms (lysosomal Rag regulation; NPRL2 post‑translational control and nuclear roles) and are clearly identified as non‑fly when relevant. (wei2019thegatorcomplex pages 1-3, ma2017tumorsuppressornprl2 pages 2-4, jiang2023prmt1orchestrateswith pages 1-3)

Selected sources with URLs and dates
- Wei et al., 2019, eLife, Oct 2019. The GATOR complex regulates an essential response to meiotic double-stranded breaks in Drosophila. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.42149 (wei2019thegatorcomplex pages 1-3, wei2019thegatorcomplex pages 7-9, wei2019thegatorcomplex pages 15-17, wei2019thegatorcomplex pages 13-15, wei2019thegatorcomplex pages 3-4)
- Lama‑Sherpa et al., 2023, Biochemical Society Transactions, Mar 2023. Regulation of mTORC1 by the Rag GTPases. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst20210038 (lamasherpa2023regulationofmtorc1 pages 2-4, lamasherpa2023regulationofmtorc1 pages 8-9)
- Jiang et al., 2023, Cell Metabolism, Dec 2023. PRMT1 orchestrates with SAMTOR to govern mTORC1 methionine sensing via Arg‑methylation of NPRL2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2023.11.001 (jiang2023prmt1orchestrateswith pages 1-3, jiang2023prmt1orchestrateswith pages 5-6, jiang2023prmt1orchestrateswith pages 6-8, jiang2023prmt1orchestrateswith pages 26-30, jiang2023prmt1orchestrateswith pages 19-20)
- Ma et al., 2017, Scientific Reports, Nov 2017. Tumor suppressor NPRL2 induces ROS production and DNA damage response. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-15497-0 (ma2017tumorsuppressornprl2 pages 2-4, ma2017tumorsuppressornprl2 pages 13-13)
- Sun and Wang, 2023, Int J Mol Sci, Feb 2023. Clocking Epilepsies: A Chronomodulated Strategy‑Based Therapy for Rhythmic Seizures. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24044223 (jiang2023prmt1orchestrateswith pages 20-21)

Conclusion
Drosophila Nprl2 is the conserved catalytic subunit of GATOR1 that suppresses TORC1 by acting as a Rag GAP at lysosomes. In vivo, Nprl2/GATOR1 enforces a meiotic DSB‑responsive metabolic checkpoint in the germline, ensuring timely DNA repair and restraining p53 and transposon activation; GATOR2/Mio relieves this inhibition to resume growth. Recent work reveals that NPRL2 is subject to methionine/SAM‑sensitive arginine methylation by PRMT1, establishing a tunable post‑translational control over GATOR1 activity that connects one‑carbon metabolism to mTORC1. Together, these findings refine Nprl2’s placement as a central inhibitory node in nutrient and genome‑integrity signaling, with emerging therapeutic implications through modulation of NPRL2 methylation and GATOR1–lysosome interactions. (wei2019thegatorcomplex pages 3-4, wei2019thegatorcomplex pages 7-9, lamasherpa2023regulationofmtorc1 pages 2-4, jiang2023prmt1orchestrateswith pages 6-8)

References

  1. (lamasherpa2023regulationofmtorc1 pages 2-4): Tshering D. Lama-Sherpa, Mi-Hyeon Jeong, and Jenna L. Jewell. Regulation of mtorc1 by the rag gtpases. Biochemical Society Transactions, 51:655-664, Mar 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst20210038, doi:10.1042/bst20210038. This article has 48 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.

  2. (lamasherpa2023regulationofmtorc1 pages 8-9): Tshering D. Lama-Sherpa, Mi-Hyeon Jeong, and Jenna L. Jewell. Regulation of mtorc1 by the rag gtpases. Biochemical Society Transactions, 51:655-664, Mar 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst20210038, doi:10.1042/bst20210038. This article has 48 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.

  3. (wei2019thegatorcomplex pages 1-3): Youheng Wei, Lucia Bettedi, Chun-Yuan Ting, Kuikwon Kim, Yingbiao Zhang, Jiadong Cai, and Mary A Lilly. The gator complex regulates an essential response to meiotic double-stranded breaks in drosophila. eLife, Oct 2019. URL: https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.42149, doi:10.7554/elife.42149. This article has 27 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.

  4. (wei2019thegatorcomplex pages 3-4): Youheng Wei, Lucia Bettedi, Chun-Yuan Ting, Kuikwon Kim, Yingbiao Zhang, Jiadong Cai, and Mary A Lilly. The gator complex regulates an essential response to meiotic double-stranded breaks in drosophila. eLife, Oct 2019. URL: https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.42149, doi:10.7554/elife.42149. This article has 27 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.

  5. (jiang2023prmt1orchestrateswith pages 1-3): Cong Jiang, Jing Liu, Shaohui He, Wei Xu, Runzhi Huang, Weijuan Pan, Xiaolong Li, Xiaoming Dai, Jianping Guo, Tao Zhang, Hiroyuki Inuzuka, Ping Wang, John M. Asara, Jianru Xiao, and Wenyi Wei. Prmt1 orchestrates with samtor to govern mtorc1 methionine sensing via arg-methylation of nprl2. Cell Metabolism, 35:2183-2199.e7, Dec 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2023.11.001, doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2023.11.001. This article has 30 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.

  6. (jiang2023prmt1orchestrateswith pages 5-6): Cong Jiang, Jing Liu, Shaohui He, Wei Xu, Runzhi Huang, Weijuan Pan, Xiaolong Li, Xiaoming Dai, Jianping Guo, Tao Zhang, Hiroyuki Inuzuka, Ping Wang, John M. Asara, Jianru Xiao, and Wenyi Wei. Prmt1 orchestrates with samtor to govern mtorc1 methionine sensing via arg-methylation of nprl2. Cell Metabolism, 35:2183-2199.e7, Dec 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2023.11.001, doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2023.11.001. This article has 30 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.

  7. (jiang2023prmt1orchestrateswith pages 6-8): Cong Jiang, Jing Liu, Shaohui He, Wei Xu, Runzhi Huang, Weijuan Pan, Xiaolong Li, Xiaoming Dai, Jianping Guo, Tao Zhang, Hiroyuki Inuzuka, Ping Wang, John M. Asara, Jianru Xiao, and Wenyi Wei. Prmt1 orchestrates with samtor to govern mtorc1 methionine sensing via arg-methylation of nprl2. Cell Metabolism, 35:2183-2199.e7, Dec 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2023.11.001, doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2023.11.001. This article has 30 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.

  8. (jiang2023prmt1orchestrateswith pages 26-30): Cong Jiang, Jing Liu, Shaohui He, Wei Xu, Runzhi Huang, Weijuan Pan, Xiaolong Li, Xiaoming Dai, Jianping Guo, Tao Zhang, Hiroyuki Inuzuka, Ping Wang, John M. Asara, Jianru Xiao, and Wenyi Wei. Prmt1 orchestrates with samtor to govern mtorc1 methionine sensing via arg-methylation of nprl2. Cell Metabolism, 35:2183-2199.e7, Dec 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2023.11.001, doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2023.11.001. This article has 30 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.

  9. (wei2019thegatorcomplex pages 7-9): Youheng Wei, Lucia Bettedi, Chun-Yuan Ting, Kuikwon Kim, Yingbiao Zhang, Jiadong Cai, and Mary A Lilly. The gator complex regulates an essential response to meiotic double-stranded breaks in drosophila. eLife, Oct 2019. URL: https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.42149, doi:10.7554/elife.42149. This article has 27 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.

  10. (jiang2023prmt1orchestrateswith pages 19-20): Cong Jiang, Jing Liu, Shaohui He, Wei Xu, Runzhi Huang, Weijuan Pan, Xiaolong Li, Xiaoming Dai, Jianping Guo, Tao Zhang, Hiroyuki Inuzuka, Ping Wang, John M. Asara, Jianru Xiao, and Wenyi Wei. Prmt1 orchestrates with samtor to govern mtorc1 methionine sensing via arg-methylation of nprl2. Cell Metabolism, 35:2183-2199.e7, Dec 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2023.11.001, doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2023.11.001. This article has 30 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.

  11. (ma2017tumorsuppressornprl2 pages 2-4): Yinxing Ma, Licia Silveri, John LaCava, and Svetlana Dokudovskaya. Tumor suppressor nprl2 induces ros production and dna damage response. Scientific Reports, Nov 2017. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-15497-0, doi:10.1038/s41598-017-15497-0. This article has 29 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.

  12. (ma2017tumorsuppressornprl2 pages 13-13): Yinxing Ma, Licia Silveri, John LaCava, and Svetlana Dokudovskaya. Tumor suppressor nprl2 induces ros production and dna damage response. Scientific Reports, Nov 2017. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-15497-0, doi:10.1038/s41598-017-15497-0. This article has 29 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.

  13. (wei2019thegatorcomplex pages 15-17): Youheng Wei, Lucia Bettedi, Chun-Yuan Ting, Kuikwon Kim, Yingbiao Zhang, Jiadong Cai, and Mary A Lilly. The gator complex regulates an essential response to meiotic double-stranded breaks in drosophila. eLife, Oct 2019. URL: https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.42149, doi:10.7554/elife.42149. This article has 27 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.

  14. (wei2019thegatorcomplex pages 13-15): Youheng Wei, Lucia Bettedi, Chun-Yuan Ting, Kuikwon Kim, Yingbiao Zhang, Jiadong Cai, and Mary A Lilly. The gator complex regulates an essential response to meiotic double-stranded breaks in drosophila. eLife, Oct 2019. URL: https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.42149, doi:10.7554/elife.42149. This article has 27 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.

  15. (jiang2023prmt1orchestrateswith pages 20-21): Cong Jiang, Jing Liu, Shaohui He, Wei Xu, Runzhi Huang, Weijuan Pan, Xiaolong Li, Xiaoming Dai, Jianping Guo, Tao Zhang, Hiroyuki Inuzuka, Ping Wang, John M. Asara, Jianru Xiao, and Wenyi Wei. Prmt1 orchestrates with samtor to govern mtorc1 methionine sensing via arg-methylation of nprl2. Cell Metabolism, 35:2183-2199.e7, Dec 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2023.11.001, doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2023.11.001. This article has 30 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.

Citations

  1. wei2019thegatorcomplex pages 7-9
  2. wei2019thegatorcomplex pages 13-15
  3. wei2019thegatorcomplex pages 15-17
  4. wei2019thegatorcomplex pages 1-3
  5. wei2019thegatorcomplex pages 3-4
  6. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst20210038
  7. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.42149
  8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2023.11.001
  9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-15497-0
  10. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24044223
  11. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst20210038,
  12. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.42149,
  13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2023.11.001,
  14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-15497-0,

📄 View Raw YAML

id: Q9VXA0
gene_symbol: Nprl2
product_type: PROTEIN
status: INITIALIZED
taxon:
  id: NCBITaxon:7227
  label: Drosophila melanogaster
description: 'GATOR1 complex subunit that inhibits TORC1 signaling during amino acid
  limitation and nutrient stress.'
existing_annotations:
- term:
    id: GO:0034198
    label: cellular response to amino acid starvation
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  review: &id002
    summary: Nprl2 participates in the response to amino-acid starvation.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The Nprl2/Nprl3 complex mediates an adaptive response to amino-acid 
      starvation.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:24786828
      supporting_text: The TORC1 inhibitors Nprl2 and Nprl3 mediate an adaptive 
        response to amino-acid starvation in Drosophila.
- term:
    id: GO:0005096
    label: GTPase activator activity
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  review:
    summary: GATOR1 has Rag GTPase GAP activity; Nprl2 is a GATOR1 subunit.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: GTPase-activating activity is established for GATOR1 (RagA/B), so 
      the IBA is reasonable for Nprl2 but not the primary focus.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:23723238
      supporting_text: GATOR1 has GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity for 
        RagA and RagB
- term:
    id: GO:1904262
    label: negative regulation of TORC1 signaling
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  review: &id001
    summary: Nprl2 inhibits TORC1 signaling, especially under amino-acid 
      starvation.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: Both UniProt and the starvation study describe Nprl2-mediated 
      inhibition of TORC1 in response to amino-acid limitation.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: functions as an inhibitor of the amino acid-sensing 
        branch of the TORC1 signaling pathway
    - reference_id: PMID:24786828
      supporting_text: Nprl2 and Nprl3 inhibit TORC1 signaling in the female 
        germline in response to amino-acid starvation.
- term:
    id: GO:0005774
    label: vacuolar membrane
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  review:
    summary: The vacuolar membrane term is yeast-specific; Drosophila data 
      indicate lysosomal localization.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: Replace vacuolar membrane with lysosome to match the Drosophila 
      localization evidence.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0005764
      label: lysosome
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:24786828
      supporting_text: Nprl2 and Nprl3 physically interact and are targeted to 
        lysosomes and autolysosomes
- term:
    id: GO:1990130
    label: GATOR1 complex
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  review:
    summary: Nprl2 is a core subunit of the GATOR1 complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: UniProt annotates Nprl2 as a probable GATOR1 subcomplex component, 
      supporting this complex membership.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: probable component of the GATOR1 subcomplex which is 
        likely composed of Iml1, Nplr2 and Nplr3
    - reference_id: file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: Nprl2 is one of three core subunits of GATOR1 (with 
        Iml1/DEPDC5 and Nprl3).
- term:
    id: GO:0005737
    label: cytoplasm
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000044
  review:
    summary: Nprl2 localizes to the cytoplasm.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: UniProt reports cytoplasmic localization.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: 'SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm'
- term:
    id: GO:0005764
    label: lysosome
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000044
  review:
    summary: Nprl2 localizes to lysosomes under nutrient stress.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: Lysosomal targeting is reported for Nprl2/Nprl3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:24786828
      supporting_text: Nprl2 and Nprl3 physically interact and are targeted to 
        lysosomes and autolysosomes
- term:
    id: GO:0051301
    label: cell division
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000043
  review:
    summary: General cell division is too broad relative to the specific 
      mitotic-to-meiotic transition role.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: Evidence indicates a specific mitotic/meiotic transition control 
      rather than broad cell division.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: down-regulate TORC1 to slow cellular metabolism and 
        promote the mitotic/meiotic transition
- term:
    id: GO:0051321
    label: meiotic cell cycle
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000043
  review:
    summary: Meiotic cell cycle is captured more precisely by germline 
      mitotic-to-meiotic switching.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: Use the more specific germline cell cycle switching term supported 
      by ovarian cyst data.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0051729
      label: germline cell cycle switching, mitotic to meiotic cell cycle
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: down-regulate TORC1 to slow cellular metabolism and 
        promote the mitotic/meiotic transition
- term:
    id: GO:1904262
    label: negative regulation of TORC1 signaling
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000117
  review: *id001
- term:
    id: GO:0034198
    label: cellular response to amino acid starvation
  evidence_type: NAS
  original_reference_id: PMID:24786828
  review: *id002
- term:
    id: GO:1904262
    label: negative regulation of TORC1 signaling
  evidence_type: NAS
  original_reference_id: PMID:24786828
  review: *id001
- term:
    id: GO:1904262
    label: negative regulation of TORC1 signaling
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:24786828
  review: *id001
- term:
    id: GO:0009267
    label: cellular response to starvation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:27672113
  review:
    summary: Starvation response is supported but primarily in the amino-acid 
      limitation context.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: Evidence supports amino-acid starvation response; the broader 
      starvation term is acceptable but not core.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:24786828
      supporting_text: The TORC1 inhibitors Nprl2 and Nprl3 mediate an adaptive 
        response to amino-acid starvation in Drosophila.
    - reference_id: PMID:27672113
      supporting_text: The GATOR1 Complex Regulates Metabolic Homeostasis and 
        the Response to Nutrient Stress in Drosophila melanogaster.
- term:
    id: GO:0010898
    label: positive regulation of triglyceride catabolic process
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:27672113
  review:
    summary: Nprl2 affects TAG storage, but direct positive regulation of 
      triglyceride catabolism is not shown.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: Reported phenotype is reduced TAG storage in mutants, which does not
      directly demonstrate increased triglyceride catabolism.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:27672113
      supporting_text: nprl2 and nprl3 mutant adults contain reduced amounts of 
        stored TAG relative to wild-type animals
- term:
    id: GO:1904262
    label: negative regulation of TORC1 signaling
  evidence_type: IGI
  original_reference_id: PMID:27672113
  review:
    summary: Nprl2 inhibits TORC1 signaling, especially under amino-acid 
      starvation.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: Both UniProt and the starvation study describe Nprl2-mediated 
      inhibition of TORC1 in response to amino-acid limitation.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: functions as an inhibitor of the amino acid-sensing 
        branch of the TORC1 signaling pathway
    - reference_id: PMID:24786828
      supporting_text: Nprl2 and Nprl3 inhibit TORC1 signaling in the female 
        germline in response to amino-acid starvation.
    - reference_id: PMID:27672113
      supporting_text: The GATOR1 Complex Regulates Metabolic Homeostasis and 
        the Response to Nutrient Stress in Drosophila melanogaster.
- term:
    id: GO:0051729
    label: germline cell cycle switching, mitotic to meiotic cell cycle
  evidence_type: IGI
  original_reference_id: PMID:25512509
  review:
    summary: Nprl2 promotes the mitotic-to-meiotic transition in germline cysts 
      via TORC1 inhibition.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: GATOR1 members down-regulate TORC1 to promote the mitotic/meiotic 
      transition.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: down-regulate TORC1 to slow cellular metabolism and 
        promote the mitotic/meiotic transition
    - reference_id: PMID:25512509
      supporting_text: TORC1 regulators Iml1/GATOR1 and GATOR2 control meiotic 
        entry and oocyte development in Drosophila.
- term:
    id: GO:1904262
    label: negative regulation of TORC1 signaling
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:27672113
  review:
    summary: Nprl2 inhibits TORC1 signaling, especially under amino-acid 
      starvation.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: Both UniProt and the starvation study describe Nprl2-mediated 
      inhibition of TORC1 in response to amino-acid limitation.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: functions as an inhibitor of the amino acid-sensing 
        branch of the TORC1 signaling pathway
    - reference_id: PMID:24786828
      supporting_text: Nprl2 and Nprl3 inhibit TORC1 signaling in the female 
        germline in response to amino-acid starvation.
    - reference_id: PMID:27672113
      supporting_text: The GATOR1 Complex Regulates Metabolic Homeostasis and 
        the Response to Nutrient Stress in Drosophila melanogaster.
- term:
    id: GO:0035859
    label: Seh1-associated complex
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:27166823
  review:
    summary: The SEA/GATOR complex term is broader than the specific GATOR1 
      complex membership.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: Evidence supports GATOR1 subcomplex membership; use the specific 
      GATOR1 complex term.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:1990130
      label: GATOR1 complex
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: Component of the GATOR complex consisting of mio, 
        Nup44A/Seh1, Im11, Nplr3, Nplr2, Wdr24, Wdr59 and Sec13
    - reference_id: PMID:27166823
      supporting_text: The GATOR2 Component Wdr24 Regulates TORC1 Activity and 
        Lysosome Function.
- term:
    id: GO:1904262
    label: negative regulation of TORC1 signaling
  evidence_type: IGI
  original_reference_id: PMID:27166823
  review:
    summary: Nprl2 inhibits TORC1 signaling, especially under amino-acid 
      starvation.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: Both UniProt and the starvation study describe Nprl2-mediated 
      inhibition of TORC1 in response to amino-acid limitation.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: functions as an inhibitor of the amino acid-sensing 
        branch of the TORC1 signaling pathway
    - reference_id: PMID:24786828
      supporting_text: Nprl2 and Nprl3 inhibit TORC1 signaling in the female 
        germline in response to amino-acid starvation.
    - reference_id: PMID:27166823
      supporting_text: The GATOR2 Component Wdr24 Regulates TORC1 Activity and 
        Lysosome Function.
- term:
    id: GO:1990130
    label: GATOR1 complex
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: PMID:27166823
  review:
    summary: Nprl2 is a core subunit of the GATOR1 complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: UniProt annotates Nprl2 as a probable GATOR1 subcomplex component, 
      supporting this complex membership.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: probable component of the GATOR1 subcomplex which is 
        likely composed of Iml1, Nplr2 and Nplr3
    - reference_id: PMID:27166823
      supporting_text: The GATOR2 Component Wdr24 Regulates TORC1 Activity and 
        Lysosome Function.
- term:
    id: GO:0032007
    label: negative regulation of TOR signaling
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:23723238
  review:
    summary: This term is too general for the specific TORC1 inhibition shown 
      for Nprl2.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: Evidence supports inhibition of TORC1 specifically; replace with the
      TORC1-specific term.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:1904262
      label: negative regulation of TORC1 signaling
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: functions as an inhibitor of the amino acid-sensing 
        branch of the TORC1 signaling pathway
    - reference_id: PMID:23723238
      supporting_text: A Tumor suppressor complex with GAP activity for the Rag 
        GTPases that signal amino acid sufficiency to mTORC1.
- term:
    id: GO:0034198
    label: cellular response to amino acid starvation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:23723238
  review:
    summary: Nprl2 participates in the response to amino-acid starvation.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The Nprl2/Nprl3 complex mediates an adaptive response to amino-acid 
      starvation.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:24786828
      supporting_text: The TORC1 inhibitors Nprl2 and Nprl3 mediate an adaptive 
        response to amino-acid starvation in Drosophila.
    - reference_id: PMID:23723238
      supporting_text: A Tumor suppressor complex with GAP activity for the Rag 
        GTPases that signal amino acid sufficiency to mTORC1.
- term:
    id: GO:0007293
    label: germarium-derived egg chamber formation
  evidence_type: IGI
  original_reference_id: PMID:25512509
  review:
    summary: Evidence points to oogenesis/meiotic entry roles rather than the 
      specific egg chamber formation term.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: Use the broader oogenesis term supported by meiotic entry/oocyte 
      development data.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0048477
      label: oogenesis
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: control meiotic entry and promote oocyte growth and 
        development
    - reference_id: PMID:25512509
      supporting_text: TORC1 regulators Iml1/GATOR1 and GATOR2 control meiotic 
        entry and oocyte development in Drosophila.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:24786828
  review:
    summary: Nprl2 physically interacts with Nprl3.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: Interaction evidence supports protein binding, but the term is 
      generic and not core.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:24786828
      supporting_text: Nprl2 and Nprl3 physically interact
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:24786828
  review:
    summary: Nuclear localization is not supported by the accessible sources 
      used for this review.
    action: UNDECIDED
    reason: Available curated localization statements emphasize 
      cytoplasm/lysosome/autolysosome without nuclear evidence.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: 'SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Lysosome'
    - reference_id: PMID:24786828
      supporting_text: The TORC1 inhibitors Nprl2 and Nprl3 mediate an adaptive 
        response to amino-acid starvation in Drosophila.
- term:
    id: GO:0005737
    label: cytoplasm
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:24786828
  review:
    summary: Nprl2 localizes to the cytoplasm.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: UniProt reports cytoplasmic localization.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: 'SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm'
    - reference_id: PMID:24786828
      supporting_text: The TORC1 inhibitors Nprl2 and Nprl3 mediate an adaptive 
        response to amino-acid starvation in Drosophila.
- term:
    id: GO:0034198
    label: cellular response to amino acid starvation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:24786828
  review: *id002
- term:
    id: GO:0044754
    label: autolysosome
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:24786828
  review:
    summary: Nprl2 localizes to autolysosomes during amino-acid starvation.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: UniProt notes primary localization to autolysosomes under amino-acid
      starvation.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: Localizes primarily to the autolysosomes during 
        amino-acid starvation
    - reference_id: PMID:24786828
      supporting_text: The TORC1 inhibitors Nprl2 and Nprl3 mediate an adaptive 
        response to amino-acid starvation in Drosophila.
- term:
    id: GO:0045792
    label: negative regulation of cell size
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:24786828
  review:
    summary: Nprl2 restrains TORC1-dependent cell growth, consistent with 
      negative regulation of cell size.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: GATOR1 inhibition of TORC1-dependent growth supports reduced cell 
      size/growth phenotypes.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: inhibiting TORC1-dependent cell growth
    - reference_id: PMID:24786828
      supporting_text: The TORC1 inhibitors Nprl2 and Nprl3 mediate an adaptive 
        response to amino-acid starvation in Drosophila.
- term:
    id: GO:0048477
    label: oogenesis
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:24786828
  review:
    summary: Nprl2 participates in oogenesis through GATOR1 control of meiotic 
      entry and oocyte development.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: UniProt describes GATOR1 roles in meiotic entry and oocyte growth.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: control meiotic entry and promote oocyte growth and 
        development
    - reference_id: PMID:24786828
      supporting_text: The TORC1 inhibitors Nprl2 and Nprl3 mediate an adaptive 
        response to amino-acid starvation in Drosophila.
- term:
    id: GO:0035859
    label: Seh1-associated complex
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: PMID:21454883
  review:
    summary: The SEA/GATOR complex term is broader than the specific GATOR1 
      complex membership.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: Evidence supports GATOR1 subcomplex membership; use the specific 
      GATOR1 complex term.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:1990130
      label: GATOR1 complex
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: Component of the GATOR complex consisting of mio, 
        Nup44A/Seh1, Im11, Nplr3, Nplr2, Wdr24, Wdr59 and Sec13
    - reference_id: PMID:21454883
      supporting_text: A conserved coatomer-related complex containing Sec13 and
        Seh1 dynamically associates with the vacuole in Saccharomyces 
        cerevisiae.
- term:
    id: GO:0005096
    label: GTPase activator activity
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: PMID:23723238
  review:
    summary: GATOR1 provides RagA/B GAP activity that inhibits TORC1 signaling.
    action: NEW
    reason: GATOR1 is the Nprl2/Nprl3/Iml1 complex and is reported to have 
      GTPase-activating protein activity for RagA/B, supporting a GTPase 
      activator activity annotation for its subunits.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:23723238
      supporting_text: GATOR1 has GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity for 
        RagA and RagB, and its components are mutated in human cancer
references:
- id: GO_REF:0000033
  title: Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000043
  title: Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot keyword mapping
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000044
  title: Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Subcellular 
    Location vocabulary mapping, accompanied by conservative changes to GO terms
    applied by UniProt
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000117
  title: Electronic Gene Ontology annotations created by ARBA machine learning 
    models
  findings: []
- id: PMID:21454883
  title: A conserved coatomer-related complex containing Sec13 and Seh1 
    dynamically associates with the vacuole in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:23723238
  title: A Tumor suppressor complex with GAP activity for the Rag GTPases that 
    signal amino acid sufficiency to mTORC1.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:24786828
  title: The TORC1 inhibitors Nprl2 and Nprl3 mediate an adaptive response to 
    amino-acid starvation in Drosophila.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:25512509
  title: TORC1 regulators Iml1/GATOR1 and GATOR2 control meiotic entry and 
    oocyte development in Drosophila.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:27166823
  title: The GATOR2 Component Wdr24 Regulates TORC1 Activity and Lysosome 
    Function.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:27672113
  title: The GATOR1 Complex Regulates Metabolic Homeostasis and the Response to 
    Nutrient Stress in Drosophila melanogaster.
  findings: []
core_functions:
- description: Nprl2 is a GATOR1 subunit that contributes to Rag 
    GTPase-activating activity to inhibit TORC1 during amino acid starvation.
  supported_by:
  - reference_id: file:genes/DROME/Nprl2/Nprl2-deep-research-falcon.md
    supporting_text: Nprl2 is one of three core subunits of GATOR1 (with 
      Iml1/DEPDC5 and Nprl3).
  - reference_id: PMID:24786828
    supporting_text: Nprl2 and Nprl3 inhibit TORC1 signaling in the female 
      germline in response to amino-acid starvation.
  molecular_function:
    id: GO:0005096
    label: GTPase activator activity
  directly_involved_in:
  - id: GO:1904262
    label: negative regulation of TORC1 signaling
  - id: GO:0034198
    label: cellular response to amino acid starvation
  in_complex:
    id: GO:1990130
    label: GATOR1 complex