PolG2

Existing Annotations Review

GO Term	Evidence	Action	Reason
GO:0003727 single-stranded RNA binding	IDA PMID:11294646 Multiple regions of subunit interaction in Drosophila mitoch...	UNDECIDED	Summary: Single-stranded RNA binding (IDA). Reason: The cached abstract of PMID:11294646 only mentions a proposed role of the accessory-subunit C terminus in RNA primer recognition, and an earlier crosslinking study found that the beta subunit does not contact DNA in the holoenzyme. Without the full text the nucleic-acid binding evidence cannot be evaluated; deferring to the curator but not treating it as core. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11294646 the proposed function of the C-terminus of the accessory subunit in RNA primer recognition PMID:7499423 the alpha but not the beta subunit of mitochondrial DNA polymerase makes close contact with DNA
GO:0005515 protein binding	IPI PMID:11294646 Multiple regions of subunit interaction in Drosophila mitoch...	REMOVE	Summary: Protein binding (IPI) with PolG1. Reason: The partner is the catalytic subunit PolG1 (GOA WITH/FROM UniProtKB:Q27607); this subunit contact is already captured by part_of GO:0005760 gamma DNA polymerase complex, and bare protein binding adds no functional information.
GO:0005515 protein binding	IPI PMID:15537632 Mutations in the spacer region of Drosophila mitochondrial D...	REMOVE	Summary: Protein binding (IPI) with PolG1. Reason: The partner is the catalytic subunit PolG1 (GOA WITH/FROM UniProtKB:Q27607); this subunit contact is already captured by part_of GO:0005760 gamma DNA polymerase complex, and bare protein binding adds no functional information.
GO:0005737 cytoplasm	IBA GO_REF:0000033	MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED	Summary: Cytoplasm (IBA). Reason: IBA from the root of the glycyl-tRNA synthetase/Pol gamma accessory subunit family (PTN000078673), whose donors are mostly cytoplasmic glycyl-tRNA synthetases (e.g. AT1G29880, SGD:S000000325, P41250). PolG2 diverged from the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase ancestor to become a mitochondrial matrix polymerase subunit with a mitochondrial presequence; cytoplasm is at most a transient precursor location (or the heterologous Sf9 reconstitution), not where it is active. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10506144 Recombinant heterodimeric holoenzyme was reconstituted in both the mitochondria and cytoplasm of Sf9 cells and required the mitochondrial presequences in both subunits
GO:0005739 mitochondrion	IDA PMID:10506144 Baculovirus expression reconstitutes Drosophila mitochondria...	ACCEPT	Summary: Mitochondrion. Reason: PolG2 is imported into mitochondria with PolG1 as the Pol gamma holoenzyme. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10506144 Recombinant heterodimeric holoenzyme was reconstituted in both the mitochondria and cytoplasm of Sf9 cells and required the mitochondrial presequences in both subunits
GO:0005739 mitochondrion	IEA GO_REF:0000044	ACCEPT	Summary: Mitochondrion (IEA). Reason: Consistent with experimental evidence. Supporting Evidence: file:DROME/PolG2/PolG2-uniprot.txt SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9153213}
GO:0005739 mitochondrion	IPI PMID:9153213 Accessory subunit of mitochondrial DNA polymerase from Droso...	ACCEPT	Summary: Mitochondrion. Reason: Subunit-specific antisera immunoprecipitate the native mitochondrial enzyme containing both subunits. Supporting Evidence: PMID:9153213 Demonstration of the physical association of the two subunits in the Drosophila enzyme
GO:0005759 mitochondrial matrix	NAS PMID:15537632 Mutations in the spacer region of Drosophila mitochondrial D...	ACCEPT	Summary: Mitochondrial matrix (NAS). Reason: Pol gamma acts on mtDNA in the matrix. Supporting Evidence: PMID:15537632 mutations in three of the four conserved sequence elements within the spacer alter enzyme activity, processivity, and/or DNA binding affinity
GO:0005760 gamma DNA polymerase complex	IBA GO_REF:0000033	ACCEPT	Summary: Gamma DNA polymerase complex (IBA). Reason: IBA donors are human POLG2 (Q9UHN1), Xenopus polg2 and fly PolG2 itself; consistent with direct evidence. Supporting Evidence: PMID:9153213 Demonstration of the physical association of the two subunits in the Drosophila enzyme
GO:0005760 gamma DNA polymerase complex	IDA PMID:10506144 Baculovirus expression reconstitutes Drosophila mitochondria...	ACCEPT	Summary: Accessory subunit of the gamma DNA polymerase complex. Reason: Pol gamma is a heterodimer of the catalytic subunit PolG1 and the 35 kDa accessory subunit PolG2. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10506144 This provides evidence of a critical role for the accessory subunit in the catalytic efficiency of Drosophila mitochondrial DNA polymerase
GO:0005760 gamma DNA polymerase complex	IDA PMID:11294646 Multiple regions of subunit interaction in Drosophila mitoch...	ACCEPT	Summary: Accessory subunit of the gamma DNA polymerase complex. Reason: Pol gamma is a heterodimer of the catalytic subunit PolG1 and the 35 kDa accessory subunit PolG2. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11294646 The M and C regions comprise the major contacts involved in subunit interaction
GO:0005760 gamma DNA polymerase complex	IDA PMID:15537632 Mutations in the spacer region of Drosophila mitochondrial D...	ACCEPT	Summary: Accessory subunit of the gamma DNA polymerase complex. Reason: Pol gamma is a heterodimer of the catalytic subunit PolG1 and the 35 kDa accessory subunit PolG2. Supporting Evidence: PMID:15537632 The catalytic subunit (alpha) of mitochondrial DNA polymerase (pol gamma)
GO:0005760 gamma DNA polymerase complex	IDA PMID:26446790 Mitochondrial Single-stranded DNA-binding Proteins Stimulate...	ACCEPT	Summary: Accessory subunit of the gamma DNA polymerase complex. Reason: Pol gamma is a heterodimer of the catalytic subunit PolG1 and the 35 kDa accessory subunit PolG2. Supporting Evidence: PMID:26446790 The activity of the mitochondrial replicase, DNA polymerase γ (Pol γ) is stimulated by another key component of the mitochondrial replisome, the mitochondrial single-stranded DNA-binding protein (mtSSB)
GO:0005760 gamma DNA polymerase complex	IDA PMID:3095323 A mitochondrial DNA polymerase from embryos of Drosophila me...	ACCEPT	Summary: Accessory subunit of the gamma DNA polymerase complex. Reason: Pol gamma is a heterodimer of the catalytic subunit PolG1 and the 35 kDa accessory subunit PolG2. Supporting Evidence: PMID:3095323 the data suggest that the D. melanogaster DNA polymerase gamma is a heterodimer
GO:0005760 gamma DNA polymerase complex	IDA PMID:7499423 Subunit structure of mitochondrial DNA polymerase from Droso...	ACCEPT	Summary: Accessory subunit of the gamma DNA polymerase complex. Reason: Pol gamma is a heterodimer of the catalytic subunit PolG1 and the 35 kDa accessory subunit PolG2. Supporting Evidence: PMID:7499423 provide strong evidence for the physical association of the 3'-->5' exonuclease with the two subunit enzyme
GO:0005760 gamma DNA polymerase complex	IPI PMID:15537632 Mutations in the spacer region of Drosophila mitochondrial D...	ACCEPT	Summary: Accessory subunit of the gamma DNA polymerase complex. Reason: Pol gamma is a heterodimer of the catalytic subunit PolG1 and the 35 kDa accessory subunit PolG2. Supporting Evidence: PMID:15537632 The catalytic subunit (alpha) of mitochondrial DNA polymerase (pol gamma)
GO:0005760 gamma DNA polymerase complex	IPI PMID:9153213 Accessory subunit of mitochondrial DNA polymerase from Droso...	ACCEPT	Summary: Accessory subunit of the gamma DNA polymerase complex. Reason: Pol gamma is a heterodimer of the catalytic subunit PolG1 and the 35 kDa accessory subunit PolG2. Supporting Evidence: PMID:9153213 Demonstration of the physical association of the two subunits in the Drosophila enzyme
GO:0006261 DNA-templated DNA replication	IDA PMID:10329675 Functional interactions of mitochondrial DNA polymerase and ...	MODIFY	Summary: DNA-templated DNA replication (IDA). Reason: In vitro DNA synthesis by the purified heterodimer; correct but less specific than GO:0006264 mitochondrial DNA replication, which the gene already carries. Proposed replacements: mitochondrial DNA replication Supporting Evidence: PMID:3142517 the catalytic properties of the near-homogeneous Drosophila DNA polymerase gamma are consistent with the in vivo requirements for mitochondrial DNA synthesis
GO:0006261 DNA-templated DNA replication	IDA PMID:11294646 Multiple regions of subunit interaction in Drosophila mitoch...	MODIFY	Summary: DNA-templated DNA replication (IDA). Reason: In vitro DNA synthesis by the purified heterodimer; correct but less specific than GO:0006264 mitochondrial DNA replication, which the gene already carries. Proposed replacements: mitochondrial DNA replication Supporting Evidence: PMID:3142517 the catalytic properties of the near-homogeneous Drosophila DNA polymerase gamma are consistent with the in vivo requirements for mitochondrial DNA synthesis
GO:0006261 DNA-templated DNA replication	IDA PMID:1429661 3'-->5' exonuclease in Drosophila mitochondrial DNA polymera...	MODIFY	Summary: DNA-templated DNA replication (IDA). Reason: In vitro DNA synthesis by the purified heterodimer; correct but less specific than GO:0006264 mitochondrial DNA replication, which the gene already carries. Proposed replacements: mitochondrial DNA replication Supporting Evidence: PMID:3142517 the catalytic properties of the near-homogeneous Drosophila DNA polymerase gamma are consistent with the in vivo requirements for mitochondrial DNA synthesis
GO:0006261 DNA-templated DNA replication	IDA PMID:14754882 Physiological and biochemical defects in functional interact...	MODIFY	Summary: DNA-templated DNA replication (IDA). Reason: In vitro DNA synthesis by the purified heterodimer; correct but less specific than GO:0006264 mitochondrial DNA replication, which the gene already carries. Proposed replacements: mitochondrial DNA replication Supporting Evidence: PMID:3142517 the catalytic properties of the near-homogeneous Drosophila DNA polymerase gamma are consistent with the in vivo requirements for mitochondrial DNA synthesis
GO:0006261 DNA-templated DNA replication	IDA PMID:15537632 Mutations in the spacer region of Drosophila mitochondrial D...	MODIFY	Summary: DNA-templated DNA replication (IDA). Reason: In vitro DNA synthesis by the purified heterodimer; correct but less specific than GO:0006264 mitochondrial DNA replication, which the gene already carries. Proposed replacements: mitochondrial DNA replication Supporting Evidence: PMID:3142517 the catalytic properties of the near-homogeneous Drosophila DNA polymerase gamma are consistent with the in vivo requirements for mitochondrial DNA synthesis
GO:0006261 DNA-templated DNA replication	IDA PMID:2671990 Mismatch-specific 3'----5' exonuclease associated with the m...	MODIFY	Summary: DNA-templated DNA replication (IDA). Reason: In vitro DNA synthesis by the purified heterodimer; correct but less specific than GO:0006264 mitochondrial DNA replication, which the gene already carries. Proposed replacements: mitochondrial DNA replication Supporting Evidence: PMID:3142517 the catalytic properties of the near-homogeneous Drosophila DNA polymerase gamma are consistent with the in vivo requirements for mitochondrial DNA synthesis
GO:0006261 DNA-templated DNA replication	IDA PMID:3142517 Mitochondrial DNA polymerase from Drosophila melanogaster em...	MODIFY	Summary: DNA-templated DNA replication (IDA). Reason: In vitro DNA synthesis by the purified heterodimer; correct but less specific than GO:0006264 mitochondrial DNA replication, which the gene already carries. Proposed replacements: mitochondrial DNA replication Supporting Evidence: PMID:3142517 the catalytic properties of the near-homogeneous Drosophila DNA polymerase gamma are consistent with the in vivo requirements for mitochondrial DNA synthesis
GO:0006261 DNA-templated DNA replication	IDA PMID:7822323 Stimulation of Drosophila mitochondrial DNA polymerase by si...	MODIFY	Summary: DNA-templated DNA replication (IDA). Reason: In vitro DNA synthesis by the purified heterodimer; correct but less specific than GO:0006264 mitochondrial DNA replication, which the gene already carries. Proposed replacements: mitochondrial DNA replication Supporting Evidence: PMID:3142517 the catalytic properties of the near-homogeneous Drosophila DNA polymerase gamma are consistent with the in vivo requirements for mitochondrial DNA synthesis
GO:0006261 DNA-templated DNA replication	IDA PMID:8227047 Processivity of mitochondrial DNA polymerase from Drosophila...	MODIFY	Summary: DNA-templated DNA replication (IDA). Reason: In vitro DNA synthesis by the purified heterodimer; correct but less specific than GO:0006264 mitochondrial DNA replication, which the gene already carries. Proposed replacements: mitochondrial DNA replication Supporting Evidence: PMID:3142517 the catalytic properties of the near-homogeneous Drosophila DNA polymerase gamma are consistent with the in vivo requirements for mitochondrial DNA synthesis
GO:0006264 mitochondrial DNA replication	IBA GO_REF:0000033	ACCEPT	Summary: Mitochondrial DNA replication (IBA). Reason: IBA donors human POLG2, mouse Polg2 and fly PolG2; consistent with direct genetic evidence. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11917141 Mutations in the accessory subunit cause lethality during early pupation, concomitant with loss of mtDNA and mitochondrial mass
GO:0006264 mitochondrial DNA replication	IDA PMID:10506144 Baculovirus expression reconstitutes Drosophila mitochondria...	ACCEPT	Summary: Mitochondrial DNA replication. Reason: As the accessory subunit of the mitochondrial replicase, PolG2 is required for efficient mtDNA synthesis; null mutants lose mtDNA. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10506144 This provides evidence of a critical role for the accessory subunit in the catalytic efficiency of Drosophila mitochondrial DNA polymerase
GO:0006264 mitochondrial DNA replication	IDA PMID:26446790 Mitochondrial Single-stranded DNA-binding Proteins Stimulate...	ACCEPT	Summary: Mitochondrial DNA replication. Reason: As the accessory subunit of the mitochondrial replicase, PolG2 is required for efficient mtDNA synthesis; null mutants lose mtDNA. Supporting Evidence: PMID:26446790 The activity of the mitochondrial replicase, DNA polymerase γ (Pol γ) is stimulated by another key component of the mitochondrial replisome, the mitochondrial single-stranded DNA-binding protein (mtSSB)
GO:0006264 mitochondrial DNA replication	IDA PMID:3095323 A mitochondrial DNA polymerase from embryos of Drosophila me...	ACCEPT	Summary: Mitochondrial DNA replication. Reason: As the accessory subunit of the mitochondrial replicase, PolG2 is required for efficient mtDNA synthesis; null mutants lose mtDNA. Supporting Evidence: PMID:3095323 the catalytic properties of the near-homogeneous Drosophila enzyme are consistent with those of DNA polymerase gamma
GO:0006264 mitochondrial DNA replication	IDA PMID:7499423 Subunit structure of mitochondrial DNA polymerase from Droso...	ACCEPT	Summary: Mitochondrial DNA replication. Reason: As the accessory subunit of the mitochondrial replicase, PolG2 is required for efficient mtDNA synthesis; null mutants lose mtDNA. Supporting Evidence: PMID:7499423 provide strong evidence for the physical association of the 3'-->5' exonuclease with the two subunit enzyme
GO:0006264 mitochondrial DNA replication	IMP PMID:11917141 The accessory subunit of DNA polymerase gamma is essential f...	ACCEPT	Summary: Mitochondrial DNA replication. Reason: As the accessory subunit of the mitochondrial replicase, PolG2 is required for efficient mtDNA synthesis; null mutants lose mtDNA. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11917141 Mutations in the accessory subunit cause lethality during early pupation, concomitant with loss of mtDNA and mitochondrial mass
GO:0006264 mitochondrial DNA replication	IMP PMID:19924234 Disruption of mitochondrial DNA replication in Drosophila in...	ACCEPT	Summary: Mitochondrial DNA replication. Reason: As the accessory subunit of the mitochondrial replicase, PolG2 is required for efficient mtDNA synthesis; null mutants lose mtDNA. Supporting Evidence: PMID:19924234 mutations in pol gamma deplete mtDNA levels
GO:0006264 mitochondrial DNA replication	IPI PMID:9153213 Accessory subunit of mitochondrial DNA polymerase from Droso...	ACCEPT	Summary: Mitochondrial DNA replication. Reason: As the accessory subunit of the mitochondrial replicase, PolG2 is required for efficient mtDNA synthesis; null mutants lose mtDNA. Supporting Evidence: PMID:9153213 Demonstration of the physical association of the two subunits in the Drosophila enzyme
GO:0006264 mitochondrial DNA replication	NAS PMID:15537632 Mutations in the spacer region of Drosophila mitochondrial D...	ACCEPT	Summary: Mitochondrial DNA replication. Reason: As the accessory subunit of the mitochondrial replicase, PolG2 is required for efficient mtDNA synthesis; null mutants lose mtDNA. Supporting Evidence: PMID:15537632 mutations in three of the four conserved sequence elements within the spacer alter enzyme activity, processivity, and/or DNA binding affinity
GO:0030337 DNA polymerase processivity factor activity	IBA GO_REF:0000033	ACCEPT	Summary: DNA polymerase processivity factor activity. Reason: The accessory subunit increases catalytic efficiency and processivity of the catalytic subunit (50-fold lower specific activity of the catalytic core alone in the fly enzyme). The ISS/IBA transfer from human POLG2 is sound; the fly protein is a monomeric accessory subunit rather than the mammalian dimer. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10506144 This provides evidence of a critical role for the accessory subunit in the catalytic efficiency of Drosophila mitochondrial DNA polymerase PMID:19858216 the dimeric mammalian proteins confer additional processivity to the holoenzyme polymerase
GO:0030337 DNA polymerase processivity factor activity	ISS PMID:19858216 Each monomer of the dimeric accessory protein for human mito...	ACCEPT	Summary: DNA polymerase processivity factor activity. Reason: The accessory subunit increases catalytic efficiency and processivity of the catalytic subunit (50-fold lower specific activity of the catalytic core alone in the fly enzyme). The ISS/IBA transfer from human POLG2 is sound; the fly protein is a monomeric accessory subunit rather than the mammalian dimer. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10506144 This provides evidence of a critical role for the accessory subunit in the catalytic efficiency of Drosophila mitochondrial DNA polymerase PMID:19858216 the dimeric mammalian proteins confer additional processivity to the holoenzyme polymerase
GO:0071667 DNA/RNA hybrid binding	IDA PMID:11294646 Multiple regions of subunit interaction in Drosophila mitoch...	UNDECIDED	Summary: DNA/RNA hybrid binding (IDA). Reason: The cached abstract of PMID:11294646 only mentions a proposed role of the accessory-subunit C terminus in RNA primer recognition, and an earlier crosslinking study found that the beta subunit does not contact DNA in the holoenzyme. Without the full text the nucleic-acid binding evidence cannot be evaluated; deferring to the curator but not treating it as core. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11294646 the proposed function of the C-terminus of the accessory subunit in RNA primer recognition PMID:7499423 the alpha but not the beta subunit of mitochondrial DNA polymerase makes close contact with DNA

Gene Description

Existing Annotations Review

Core Functions

Accessory subunit of Pol gamma that increases the catalytic efficiency and processivity of the PolG1 catalytic subunit during mtDNA replication.

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FlyBase

FlyBase gene description for PolG2 (DROME)

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