Relish (Rel) is a compound NF-kappaB family transcription factor of Drosophila, homologous to mammalian p105/p100, with an N-terminal Rel homology DNA-binding domain and a C-terminal IkappaB-like ankyrin-repeat domain. In the immune deficiency (Imd)/peptidoglycan recognition protein pathway, Relish is phosphorylated by the IKKbeta/Kenny complex and endoproteolytically cleaved in a Dredd caspase-dependent manner; the released Rel homology domain (REL-68) translocates to the nucleus, binds kappaB sites and, alone or as dimers with Dif or Dorsal, activates RNA polymerase II transcription of antimicrobial peptide genes such as Diptericin, Attacin and Cecropin, while the IkappaB-like fragment remains cytoplasmic. Relish is essential for humoral defense against Gram-negative bacteria and mediates STING- and cGAMP-induced antiviral gene expression. It also drives negative-feedback regulators that restore immune homeostasis and has context-specific roles in neural development, stress and metabolic responses.
| GO Term | Evidence | Action | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0000791 euchromatin | IDA PMID:25180232 Akirin specifies NF-ΞΊB selectivity of Drosophila innate immu... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Relish occupies euchromatin at immune target genes in a chromatin-remodeling-dependent manner. Reason: Chromatin occupancy is consistent with Relish acting as a sequence-specific transcription factor at target promoters; nucleus is the more appropriate core location. |
| GO:0000977 RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding | IDA PMID:17785540 Functional conservation of Rel binding sites in drosophilid ... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish binds kappaB sites in RNA polymerase II regulatory regions of immune genes. Reason: The Rel homology domain binds promoters of antimicrobial peptide and other target genes (ChIP and binding-site studies), and the IBA reflects conserved NF-kappaB family DNA binding. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11269501 An N-terminal fragment, containing the DNA-binding Rel homology domain, translocates to the nucleus where it binds to the promoter of the Cecropin A1 gene |
| GO:0000977 RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding | IDA PMID:19497884 Two roles for the Drosophila IKK complex in the activation o... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish binds kappaB sites in RNA polymerase II regulatory regions of immune genes. Reason: The Rel homology domain binds promoters of antimicrobial peptide and other target genes (ChIP and binding-site studies), and the IBA reflects conserved NF-kappaB family DNA binding. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11269501 An N-terminal fragment, containing the DNA-binding Rel homology domain, translocates to the nucleus where it binds to the promoter of the Cecropin A1 gene |
| GO:0000977 RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding | IDA PMID:36155909 Drosophila Relish-mediated miR-317 expression facilitates im... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish binds kappaB sites in RNA polymerase II regulatory regions of immune genes. Reason: The Rel homology domain binds promoters of antimicrobial peptide and other target genes (ChIP and binding-site studies), and the IBA reflects conserved NF-kappaB family DNA binding. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11269501 An N-terminal fragment, containing the DNA-binding Rel homology domain, translocates to the nucleus where it binds to the promoter of the Cecropin A1 gene |
| GO:0000977 RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding | IDA PMID:37358278 The NF-ΞΊB/Relish Activates miR-308 to Negatively Regulate Im... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish binds kappaB sites in RNA polymerase II regulatory regions of immune genes. Reason: The Rel homology domain binds promoters of antimicrobial peptide and other target genes (ChIP and binding-site studies), and the IBA reflects conserved NF-kappaB family DNA binding. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11269501 An N-terminal fragment, containing the DNA-binding Rel homology domain, translocates to the nucleus where it binds to the promoter of the Cecropin A1 gene |
| GO:0000977 RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish binds kappaB sites in RNA polymerase II regulatory regions of immune genes. Reason: The Rel homology domain binds promoters of antimicrobial peptide and other target genes (ChIP and binding-site studies), and the IBA reflects conserved NF-kappaB family DNA binding. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11269501 An N-terminal fragment, containing the DNA-binding Rel homology domain, translocates to the nucleus where it binds to the promoter of the Cecropin A1 gene |
| GO:0000978 RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish binds kappaB sites in RNA polymerase II regulatory regions of immune genes. Reason: The Rel homology domain binds promoters of antimicrobial peptide and other target genes (ChIP and binding-site studies), and the IBA reflects conserved NF-kappaB family DNA binding. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11269501 An N-terminal fragment, containing the DNA-binding Rel homology domain, translocates to the nucleus where it binds to the promoter of the Cecropin A1 gene |
| GO:0000981 DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish is an RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor. Reason: Supported by IBA and by direct transactivation data for REL-68. Supporting Evidence: PMID:19135474 overexpression of REL-68 separately from REL-49 is sufficient to activate strong constitutive transcription of the Diptericin gene |
| GO:0000981 DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific | IDA PMID:19135474 The N-terminal half of the Drosophila Rel/NF-kappaB factor R... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish is an RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor. Reason: Supported by IBA and by direct transactivation data for REL-68. Supporting Evidence: PMID:19135474 overexpression of REL-68 separately from REL-49 is sufficient to activate strong constitutive transcription of the Diptericin gene |
| GO:0000981 DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific | IDA PMID:36155909 Drosophila Relish-mediated miR-317 expression facilitates im... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish is an RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor. Reason: Supported by IBA and by direct transactivation data for REL-68. Supporting Evidence: PMID:19135474 overexpression of REL-68 separately from REL-49 is sufficient to activate strong constitutive transcription of the Diptericin gene |
| GO:0001228 DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific | IDA PMID:17296495 Isolation of regulators of Drosophila immune defense genes b... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish activates transcription of antimicrobial peptide genes and of feedback regulators (miRNAs, lncRNAs, IMZF). Reason: Core molecular function, supported by many independent IDA studies (promoter binding plus reporter activation). Supporting Evidence: PMID:8816802 Relish is strongly induced in infected flies, and it can activate transcription from the Cecropin A1 promoter. file:DROME/Rel/Rel-deep-research-falcon.md sequence-specific transcription factor, not an enzyme, transporter, or secreted antimicrobial peptide PMID:19497884 Instead they are critical for recruitment of RNA polymerase II and antimicrobial peptide gene induction |
| GO:0001228 DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific | IDA PMID:19497884 Two roles for the Drosophila IKK complex in the activation o... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish activates transcription of antimicrobial peptide genes and of feedback regulators (miRNAs, lncRNAs, IMZF). Reason: Core molecular function, supported by many independent IDA studies (promoter binding plus reporter activation). Supporting Evidence: PMID:8816802 Relish is strongly induced in infected flies, and it can activate transcription from the Cecropin A1 promoter. file:DROME/Rel/Rel-deep-research-falcon.md sequence-specific transcription factor, not an enzyme, transporter, or secreted antimicrobial peptide PMID:19497884 Instead they are critical for recruitment of RNA polymerase II and antimicrobial peptide gene induction |
| GO:0001228 DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific | IDA PMID:25180232 Akirin specifies NF-ΞΊB selectivity of Drosophila innate immu... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish activates transcription of antimicrobial peptide genes and of feedback regulators (miRNAs, lncRNAs, IMZF). Reason: Core molecular function, supported by many independent IDA studies (promoter binding plus reporter activation). Supporting Evidence: PMID:8816802 Relish is strongly induced in infected flies, and it can activate transcription from the Cecropin A1 promoter. file:DROME/Rel/Rel-deep-research-falcon.md sequence-specific transcription factor, not an enzyme, transporter, or secreted antimicrobial peptide PMID:19497884 Instead they are critical for recruitment of RNA polymerase II and antimicrobial peptide gene induction |
| GO:0001228 DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific | IDA PMID:35720331 Drosophila Relish Activating lncRNA-CR33942 Transcription Fa... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish activates transcription of antimicrobial peptide genes and of feedback regulators (miRNAs, lncRNAs, IMZF). Reason: Core molecular function, supported by many independent IDA studies (promoter binding plus reporter activation). Supporting Evidence: PMID:8816802 Relish is strongly induced in infected flies, and it can activate transcription from the Cecropin A1 promoter. file:DROME/Rel/Rel-deep-research-falcon.md sequence-specific transcription factor, not an enzyme, transporter, or secreted antimicrobial peptide PMID:19497884 Instead they are critical for recruitment of RNA polymerase II and antimicrobial peptide gene induction |
| GO:0001228 DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific | IDA PMID:37358278 The NF-ΞΊB/Relish Activates miR-308 to Negatively Regulate Im... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish activates transcription of antimicrobial peptide genes and of feedback regulators (miRNAs, lncRNAs, IMZF). Reason: Core molecular function, supported by many independent IDA studies (promoter binding plus reporter activation). Supporting Evidence: PMID:8816802 Relish is strongly induced in infected flies, and it can activate transcription from the Cecropin A1 promoter. file:DROME/Rel/Rel-deep-research-falcon.md sequence-specific transcription factor, not an enzyme, transporter, or secreted antimicrobial peptide PMID:19497884 Instead they are critical for recruitment of RNA polymerase II and antimicrobial peptide gene induction |
| GO:0001228 DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific | IDA PMID:37804878 The Relish/miR-275/Dredd mediated negative feedback loop is ... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish activates transcription of antimicrobial peptide genes and of feedback regulators (miRNAs, lncRNAs, IMZF). Reason: Core molecular function, supported by many independent IDA studies (promoter binding plus reporter activation). Supporting Evidence: PMID:8816802 Relish is strongly induced in infected flies, and it can activate transcription from the Cecropin A1 promoter. file:DROME/Rel/Rel-deep-research-falcon.md sequence-specific transcription factor, not an enzyme, transporter, or secreted antimicrobial peptide PMID:19497884 Instead they are critical for recruitment of RNA polymerase II and antimicrobial peptide gene induction |
| GO:0001228 DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific | IDA PMID:37956726 Relish-facilitated lncRNA-CR11538 suppresses Drosophila Imd ... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish activates transcription of antimicrobial peptide genes and of feedback regulators (miRNAs, lncRNAs, IMZF). Reason: Core molecular function, supported by many independent IDA studies (promoter binding plus reporter activation). Supporting Evidence: PMID:8816802 Relish is strongly induced in infected flies, and it can activate transcription from the Cecropin A1 promoter. file:DROME/Rel/Rel-deep-research-falcon.md sequence-specific transcription factor, not an enzyme, transporter, or secreted antimicrobial peptide PMID:19497884 Instead they are critical for recruitment of RNA polymerase II and antimicrobial peptide gene induction |
| GO:0001228 DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific | IDA PMID:38762126 Relish-mediated C2H2 zinc finger protein IMZF restores Droso... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish activates transcription of antimicrobial peptide genes and of feedback regulators (miRNAs, lncRNAs, IMZF). Reason: Core molecular function, supported by many independent IDA studies (promoter binding plus reporter activation). Supporting Evidence: PMID:8816802 Relish is strongly induced in infected flies, and it can activate transcription from the Cecropin A1 promoter. file:DROME/Rel/Rel-deep-research-falcon.md sequence-specific transcription factor, not an enzyme, transporter, or secreted antimicrobial peptide PMID:19497884 Instead they are critical for recruitment of RNA polymerase II and antimicrobial peptide gene induction |
| GO:0002225 positive regulation of antimicrobial peptide production | IMP PMID:12401167 A ubiquitin-proteasome pathway represses the Drosophila immu... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish is required for antimicrobial peptide induction; SkpA mutants constitutively activate Relish-dependent Diptericin. Reason: Relish directly activates AMP gene transcription, consistent with this regulatory process term. Supporting Evidence: PMID:12401167 the IMD pathway that regulates the compound NF-kappaB-like protein, Relish |
| GO:0002230 positive regulation of defense response to virus by host | IMP PMID:19763182 A novel system for the launch of alphavirus RNA synthesis re... | ACCEPT | Summary: Imd pathway deficits including Relish enhance Sindbis virus replication. Reason: Consistent with the established Relish-dependent antiviral response (PMID:30119996, PMID:33262294). Supporting Evidence: PMID:19763182 We demonstrate deficits in the immune deficiency (Imd) pathway enhance viral replication while mutations in the Toll pathway fail to affect replication. |
| GO:0003677 DNA binding | IEA GO_REF:0000002 | MODIFY | Summary: General DNA-binding transcription factor terms inferred from the Rel homology domain. Reason: Correct but general electronic inference for an NF-kappaB family transcription factor; MODIFY to RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding, which Rel already carries (IDA, IEA). Proposed replacements: RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding |
| GO:0003700 DNA-binding transcription factor activity | IEA GO_REF:0000002 | MODIFY | Summary: General DNA-binding transcription factor terms inferred from the Rel homology domain. Reason: Correct but general electronic inference; Relish is a transcriptional activator, so MODIFY to DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific, which Rel already carries (IDA). Proposed replacements: DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:11269502 The Drosophila caspase Dredd is required to resist gram-nega... | REMOVE | Summary: Generic protein binding from interaction studies (Dredd/Imd pathway, Akirin, large-scale TF Y2H interactome). Reason: Protein binding is uninformative and the specific functional consequences (transcription activation, pathway participation) are captured by other annotations. Removal does not dispute the reported interactions. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:20679214 Heterodimers of NF-kappaB transcription factors DIF and Reli... | MODIFY | Summary: Relish forms heterodimers with DIF (and other Rel proteins). Reason: Generic protein binding is uninformative; the paper specifically shows NF-kappaB dimer formation, best captured as protein heterodimerization activity. Proposed replacements: protein heterodimerization activity Supporting Evidence: PMID:20679214 The results show that all combinations of homo- and heterodimers are formed, but with varying degrees of efficiency. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:25180232 Akirin specifies NF-ΞΊB selectivity of Drosophila innate immu... | REMOVE | Summary: Generic protein binding from interaction studies (Dredd/Imd pathway, Akirin, large-scale TF Y2H interactome). Reason: Protein binding is uninformative and the specific functional consequences (transcription activation, pathway participation) are captured by other annotations. Removal does not dispute the reported interactions. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:30995488 A Comprehensive Drosophila melanogaster Transcription Factor... | REMOVE | Summary: Generic protein binding from interaction studies (Dredd/Imd pathway, Akirin, large-scale TF Y2H interactome). Reason: Protein binding is uninformative and the specific functional consequences (transcription activation, pathway participation) are captured by other annotations. Removal does not dispute the reported interactions. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:30995488 A Comprehensive Drosophila melanogaster Transcription Factor... | REMOVE | Summary: Generic protein binding from interaction studies (Dredd/Imd pathway, Akirin, large-scale TF Y2H interactome). Reason: Protein binding is uninformative and the specific functional consequences (transcription activation, pathway participation) are captured by other annotations. Removal does not dispute the reported interactions. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:30995488 A Comprehensive Drosophila melanogaster Transcription Factor... | REMOVE | Summary: Generic protein binding from interaction studies (Dredd/Imd pathway, Akirin, large-scale TF Y2H interactome). Reason: Protein binding is uninformative and the specific functional consequences (transcription activation, pathway participation) are captured by other annotations. Removal does not dispute the reported interactions. |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Activated Relish (REL-68) translocates to and acts in the nucleus. Reason: Many IDA studies show signal-dependent nuclear translocation of the Rel homology domain; this is where Relish functions. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11400160 Examination of the cellular localization of RELISH reveals that the timing of this processing coincides with the nuclear translocation of the RHD and the retention of the ankyrin-repeats within the cytoplasm. |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | IDA PMID:11269501 Activation of the Drosophila NF-kappaB factor Relish by rapi... | ACCEPT | Summary: Activated Relish (REL-68) translocates to and acts in the nucleus. Reason: Many IDA studies show signal-dependent nuclear translocation of the Rel homology domain; this is where Relish functions. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11400160 Examination of the cellular localization of RELISH reveals that the timing of this processing coincides with the nuclear translocation of the RHD and the retention of the ankyrin-repeats within the cytoplasm. |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | IDA PMID:11400160 Cactus-independent nuclear translocation of Drosophila RELIS... | ACCEPT | Summary: Activated Relish (REL-68) translocates to and acts in the nucleus. Reason: Many IDA studies show signal-dependent nuclear translocation of the Rel homology domain; this is where Relish functions. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11400160 Examination of the cellular localization of RELISH reveals that the timing of this processing coincides with the nuclear translocation of the RHD and the retention of the ankyrin-repeats within the cytoplasm. |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | IDA PMID:11943764 The Drosophila homolog of NTF-2, the nuclear transport facto... | ACCEPT | Summary: Activated Relish (REL-68) translocates to and acts in the nucleus. Reason: Many IDA studies show signal-dependent nuclear translocation of the Rel homology domain; this is where Relish functions. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11400160 Examination of the cellular localization of RELISH reveals that the timing of this processing coincides with the nuclear translocation of the RHD and the retention of the ankyrin-repeats within the cytoplasm. |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | IDA PMID:14585960 Discrete functions of TRAF1 and TRAF2 in Drosophila melanoga... | ACCEPT | Summary: Activated Relish (REL-68) translocates to and acts in the nucleus. Reason: Many IDA studies show signal-dependent nuclear translocation of the Rel homology domain; this is where Relish functions. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11400160 Examination of the cellular localization of RELISH reveals that the timing of this processing coincides with the nuclear translocation of the RHD and the retention of the ankyrin-repeats within the cytoplasm. |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | IDA PMID:16163390 Inhibitor of apoptosis 2 and TAK1-binding protein are compon... | ACCEPT | Summary: Activated Relish (REL-68) translocates to and acts in the nucleus. Reason: Many IDA studies show signal-dependent nuclear translocation of the Rel homology domain; this is where Relish functions. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11400160 Examination of the cellular localization of RELISH reveals that the timing of this processing coincides with the nuclear translocation of the RHD and the retention of the ankyrin-repeats within the cytoplasm. |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | IDA PMID:16763552 Cooperative control of Drosophila immune responses by the JN... | ACCEPT | Summary: Activated Relish (REL-68) translocates to and acts in the nucleus. Reason: Many IDA studies show signal-dependent nuclear translocation of the Rel homology domain; this is where Relish functions. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11400160 Examination of the cellular localization of RELISH reveals that the timing of this processing coincides with the nuclear translocation of the RHD and the retention of the ankyrin-repeats within the cytoplasm. |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | IEA GO_REF:0000044 | ACCEPT | Summary: Activated Relish (REL-68) translocates to and acts in the nucleus. Reason: Many IDA studies show signal-dependent nuclear translocation of the Rel homology domain; this is where Relish functions. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11400160 Examination of the cellular localization of RELISH reveals that the timing of this processing coincides with the nuclear translocation of the RHD and the retention of the ankyrin-repeats within the cytoplasm. |
| GO:0005654 nucleoplasm | TAS Reactome:R-DME-209257 | ACCEPT | Summary: Reactome places nuclear Relish in the nucleoplasm. Reason: Consistent with nuclear transcription factor function. |
| GO:0005654 nucleoplasm | TAS Reactome:R-DME-209309 | ACCEPT | Summary: Reactome places nuclear Relish in the nucleoplasm. Reason: Consistent with nuclear transcription factor function. |
| GO:0005654 nucleoplasm | TAS Reactome:R-DME-354273 | ACCEPT | Summary: Reactome places nuclear Relish in the nucleoplasm. Reason: Consistent with nuclear transcription factor function. |
| GO:0005737 cytoplasm | IDA PMID:11269501 Activation of the Drosophila NF-kappaB factor Relish by rapi... | ACCEPT | Summary: Unprocessed Relish and the C-terminal IkappaB-like fragment reside in the cytoplasm/cytosol. Reason: Full-length Relish is cytoplasmic before signalling, where it is phosphorylated by IKK and cleaved; the REL-49 fragment remains cytoplasmic. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11269501 The C-terminal IkappaB-like fragment remains in the cytoplasm. |
| GO:0005737 cytoplasm | IDA PMID:11943764 The Drosophila homolog of NTF-2, the nuclear transport facto... | ACCEPT | Summary: Unprocessed Relish and the C-terminal IkappaB-like fragment reside in the cytoplasm/cytosol. Reason: Full-length Relish is cytoplasmic before signalling, where it is phosphorylated by IKK and cleaved; the REL-49 fragment remains cytoplasmic. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11269501 The C-terminal IkappaB-like fragment remains in the cytoplasm. |
| GO:0005737 cytoplasm | IEA GO_REF:0000120 | ACCEPT | Summary: Unprocessed Relish and the C-terminal IkappaB-like fragment reside in the cytoplasm/cytosol. Reason: Full-length Relish is cytoplasmic before signalling, where it is phosphorylated by IKK and cleaved; the REL-49 fragment remains cytoplasmic. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11269501 The C-terminal IkappaB-like fragment remains in the cytoplasm. |
| GO:0005829 cytosol | IDA PMID:11400160 Cactus-independent nuclear translocation of Drosophila RELIS... | ACCEPT | Summary: Unprocessed Relish and the C-terminal IkappaB-like fragment reside in the cytoplasm/cytosol. Reason: Full-length Relish is cytoplasmic before signalling, where it is phosphorylated by IKK and cleaved; the REL-49 fragment remains cytoplasmic. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11269501 The C-terminal IkappaB-like fragment remains in the cytoplasm. |
| GO:0005829 cytosol | IDA PMID:14585960 Discrete functions of TRAF1 and TRAF2 in Drosophila melanoga... | ACCEPT | Summary: Unprocessed Relish and the C-terminal IkappaB-like fragment reside in the cytoplasm/cytosol. Reason: Full-length Relish is cytoplasmic before signalling, where it is phosphorylated by IKK and cleaved; the REL-49 fragment remains cytoplasmic. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11269501 The C-terminal IkappaB-like fragment remains in the cytoplasm. |
| GO:0005829 cytosol | TAS Reactome:R-DME-209167 | ACCEPT | Summary: Unprocessed Relish and the C-terminal IkappaB-like fragment reside in the cytoplasm/cytosol. Reason: Full-length Relish is cytoplasmic before signalling, where it is phosphorylated by IKK and cleaved; the REL-49 fragment remains cytoplasmic. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11269501 The C-terminal IkappaB-like fragment remains in the cytoplasm. |
| GO:0005829 cytosol | TAS Reactome:R-DME-209227 | ACCEPT | Summary: Unprocessed Relish and the C-terminal IkappaB-like fragment reside in the cytoplasm/cytosol. Reason: Full-length Relish is cytoplasmic before signalling, where it is phosphorylated by IKK and cleaved; the REL-49 fragment remains cytoplasmic. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11269501 The C-terminal IkappaB-like fragment remains in the cytoplasm. |
| GO:0005829 cytosol | TAS Reactome:R-DME-209244 | ACCEPT | Summary: Unprocessed Relish and the C-terminal IkappaB-like fragment reside in the cytoplasm/cytosol. Reason: Full-length Relish is cytoplasmic before signalling, where it is phosphorylated by IKK and cleaved; the REL-49 fragment remains cytoplasmic. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11269501 The C-terminal IkappaB-like fragment remains in the cytoplasm. |
| GO:0005829 cytosol | TAS Reactome:R-DME-209309 | ACCEPT | Summary: Unprocessed Relish and the C-terminal IkappaB-like fragment reside in the cytoplasm/cytosol. Reason: Full-length Relish is cytoplasmic before signalling, where it is phosphorylated by IKK and cleaved; the REL-49 fragment remains cytoplasmic. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11269501 The C-terminal IkappaB-like fragment remains in the cytoplasm. |
| GO:0005829 cytosol | TAS Reactome:R-DME-214393 | ACCEPT | Summary: Unprocessed Relish and the C-terminal IkappaB-like fragment reside in the cytoplasm/cytosol. Reason: Full-length Relish is cytoplasmic before signalling, where it is phosphorylated by IKK and cleaved; the REL-49 fragment remains cytoplasmic. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11269501 The C-terminal IkappaB-like fragment remains in the cytoplasm. |
| GO:0005829 cytosol | TAS Reactome:R-DME-214398 | ACCEPT | Summary: Unprocessed Relish and the C-terminal IkappaB-like fragment reside in the cytoplasm/cytosol. Reason: Full-length Relish is cytoplasmic before signalling, where it is phosphorylated by IKK and cleaved; the REL-49 fragment remains cytoplasmic. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11269501 The C-terminal IkappaB-like fragment remains in the cytoplasm. |
| GO:0005829 cytosol | TAS Reactome:R-DME-214418 | ACCEPT | Summary: Unprocessed Relish and the C-terminal IkappaB-like fragment reside in the cytoplasm/cytosol. Reason: Full-length Relish is cytoplasmic before signalling, where it is phosphorylated by IKK and cleaved; the REL-49 fragment remains cytoplasmic. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11269501 The C-terminal IkappaB-like fragment remains in the cytoplasm. |
| GO:0006355 regulation of DNA-templated transcription | IEA GO_REF:0000002 | MODIFY | Summary: General DNA-binding transcription factor terms inferred from the Rel homology domain. Reason: Correct but general electronic inference; Relish activates Pol II target genes, so MODIFY to positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II, which Rel already carries (IBA, IDA, IMP). Proposed replacements: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II |
| GO:0006357 regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | MODIFY | Summary: General DNA-binding transcription factor terms inferred from the Rel homology domain. Reason: Correct but general electronic inference; Relish activates Pol II target genes, so MODIFY to positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II, which Rel already carries (IBA, IDA, IMP). Proposed replacements: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II |
| GO:0006955 immune response | IEP PMID:10409696 Interaction and specificity of Rel-related proteins in regul... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish expression is associated with the immune response; Rel proteins regulate immunity genes in cell lines. Reason: Broad but correct; Relish is a central regulator of the humoral immune response. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10409696 The results show that Rel proteins are directly involved in regulating the Drosophila antimicrobial response. |
| GO:0006955 immune response | IMP PMID:16858400 An essential complementary role of NF-kappaB pathway to micr... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish mutants are susceptible to ROS-resistant gut microbes. Reason: Broad but correct process term supported by mutant analysis of gut immunity. Supporting Evidence: PMID:16858400 Consistent with our hypothesis, high mortality levels were observed in these NF-ΞΊB pathway mutant flies only when they fed on KNU5377 strain |
| GO:0006963 positive regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process | IEP PMID:8816802 Origins of immunity: Relish, a compound Rel-like gene in the... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish is required for antibacterial peptide gene induction. Reason: Core immune output of Relish, supported by mutant and molecular data. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10619029 Relish is specifically required for the induction of the humoral immune response, including both antibacterial and antifungal peptides. |
| GO:0006963 positive regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process | IMP PMID:10619029 Relish, a central factor in the control of humoral but not c... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish is required for antibacterial peptide gene induction. Reason: Core immune output of Relish, supported by mutant and molecular data. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10619029 Relish is specifically required for the induction of the humoral immune response, including both antibacterial and antifungal peptides. |
| GO:0006963 positive regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process | IMP PMID:23613578 Dnr1 mutations cause neurodegeneration in Drosophila by acti... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish is required for antibacterial peptide gene induction. Reason: Core immune output of Relish, supported by mutant and molecular data. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10619029 Relish is specifically required for the induction of the humoral immune response, including both antibacterial and antifungal peptides. |
| GO:0006963 positive regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process | IMP PMID:9510254 Regulated nuclear import of Rel proteins in the Drosophila i... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish is required for antibacterial peptide gene induction. Reason: Core immune output of Relish, supported by mutant and molecular data. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10619029 Relish is specifically required for the induction of the humoral immune response, including both antibacterial and antifungal peptides. |
| GO:0006964 positive regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria | HMP PMID:16163390 Inhibitor of apoptosis 2 and TAK1-binding protein are compon... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish drives expression of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria (e.g. Diptericin). Reason: Consistent with the role of Relish in the Imd pathway, which is deployed against Gram-negative bacteria. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11400160 Both the processing and the nuclear translocation immediately precede the expression of antibacterial peptide genes cecropin A1, attacin, and diptericin. |
| GO:0006964 positive regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria | IMP PMID:11400160 Cactus-independent nuclear translocation of Drosophila RELIS... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish drives expression of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria (e.g. Diptericin). Reason: Consistent with the role of Relish in the Imd pathway, which is deployed against Gram-negative bacteria. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11400160 Both the processing and the nuclear translocation immediately precede the expression of antibacterial peptide genes cecropin A1, attacin, and diptericin. |
| GO:0006964 positive regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria | IMP PMID:19221590 Short-term starvation of immune deficient Drosophila improve... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish drives expression of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria (e.g. Diptericin). Reason: Consistent with the role of Relish in the Imd pathway, which is deployed against Gram-negative bacteria. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11400160 Both the processing and the nuclear translocation immediately precede the expression of antibacterial peptide genes cecropin A1, attacin, and diptericin. |
| GO:0006967 positive regulation of antifungal peptide biosynthetic process | IMP PMID:10619029 Relish, a central factor in the control of humoral but not c... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Relish mutants show reduced antifungal peptide induction. Reason: Supported by deletion mutant data, but antifungal peptide induction is primarily Toll/Dif-driven, with Relish contributing (e.g. via Relish-Dif heterodimers); a secondary role. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10619029 Relish is specifically required for the induction of the humoral immune response, including both antibacterial and antifungal peptides. |
| GO:0006974 DNA damage response | IMP PMID:21664581 Dynamic coordination of innate immune signaling and insulin ... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Localized DNA damage triggers a systemic response in which NF-kappaB/Relish signalling is induced in the fat body. Reason: Context-specific involvement downstream of reduced insulin signalling, not a core DNA damage response function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:21664581 Reduced IIS activity in the larval fatbody, in turn, results in the induction of the NFkB/Relish pathway in this tissue, initiating a second phase of the systemic response to DNA damage |
| GO:0007249 canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish is the transcription factor effector of the fly NF-kappaB pathway. Reason: IBA consistent with Relish being an NF-kappaB family member activated by IKK-dependent signalling. |
| GO:0009617 response to bacterium | IDA PMID:19237508 Infection induces a survival program and local remodeling in... | MODIFY | Summary: Infection-induced, IMD-dependent transcriptional response in airway epithelium. Reason: Relish-dependent responses to bacterial infection in tracheal epithelium are real; the term is correct but general, so MODIFY to defense response to Gram-negative bacterium, which Rel already carries (IDA, IGI, IMP). Proposed replacements: defense response to Gram-negative bacterium Supporting Evidence: PMID:19237508 Infection with the gram-negative pathogen Erwinia carotovora induces an immune response in all epithelial cells via activation of the immune deficiency (IMD) pathway |
| GO:0010628 positive regulation of gene expression | IMP PMID:19221590 Short-term starvation of immune deficient Drosophila improve... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Relish-dependent gene expression and nitric oxide production in starvation/infection survival experiments. Reason: Indirect, context-specific readouts from mutant survival experiments; the core function is transcription activation of immune genes. Supporting Evidence: PMID:19221590 Imd is deployed primarily against Gram-negative bacteria via the NF-ΞΊB homologue Relish [7]. |
| GO:0030547 signaling receptor inhibitor activity | IPI PMID:35905720 A dRASSF-STRIPAK-Imd-JAK/STAT axis controls antiviral immune... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Relish interferes with dimerization of the JAK/STAT receptor Domeless. Reason: Reported by the curators from the full text and stated in the abstract; an unusual, cytoplasmic non-transcriptional activity that is secondary to its transcription factor role. Supporting Evidence: PMID:35905720 Activated Imd signaling then employs the effector Relish to interfere with the dimerization of JAK/STAT transmembrane receptor Domeless, therefore preventing excessive JAK/STAT signaling. |
| GO:0034198 cellular response to amino acid starvation | IMP PMID:17166233 ird1 is a Vps15 homologue important for antibacterial immune... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Starvation-induced AMP expression depends on the Imd pathway. Reason: A context-specific consequence of Imd/Relish signalling rather than a core starvation response function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:17166233 Starvation, in the absence of infection, leads to expression of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes and this response is dependent on ird1 and the Imd immune signalling pathway. |
| GO:0042742 defense response to bacterium | IMP PMID:28579255 Lysosomal Degradation Is Required for Sustained Phagocytosis... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish in macrophages is required for sustained phagocytic clearance of bacteria. Reason: Defense against bacteria is a core Relish role. Supporting Evidence: PMID:28579255 Similarly, knockdown of Relish in macrophages also caused diminished clearance of bacteria (Figure 5D). |
| GO:0045088 regulation of innate immune response | IGI PMID:25180232 Akirin specifies NF-ΞΊB selectivity of Drosophila innate immu... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish positively regulates innate immune responses (e.g. Akirin-dependent target selectivity). Reason: Relish is the central transcriptional effector of Imd-pathway innate immunity. Supporting Evidence: PMID:25180232 The NF-ΞΊB transcription factor Relish activates effector gene expression following Gram-negative bacterial immune challenge. PMID:18066067 Expression of these effector genes requires the signal-dependent cleavage and subsequent nuclear translocation of Relish |
| GO:0045088 regulation of innate immune response | IGI PMID:25180232 Akirin specifies NF-ΞΊB selectivity of Drosophila innate immu... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish positively regulates innate immune responses (e.g. Akirin-dependent target selectivity). Reason: Relish is the central transcriptional effector of Imd-pathway innate immunity. Supporting Evidence: PMID:25180232 The NF-ΞΊB transcription factor Relish activates effector gene expression following Gram-negative bacterial immune challenge. PMID:18066067 Expression of these effector genes requires the signal-dependent cleavage and subsequent nuclear translocation of Relish |
| GO:0045088 regulation of innate immune response | IMP PMID:25180232 Akirin specifies NF-ΞΊB selectivity of Drosophila innate immu... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish positively regulates innate immune responses (e.g. Akirin-dependent target selectivity). Reason: Relish is the central transcriptional effector of Imd-pathway innate immunity. Supporting Evidence: PMID:25180232 The NF-ΞΊB transcription factor Relish activates effector gene expression following Gram-negative bacterial immune challenge. PMID:18066067 Expression of these effector genes requires the signal-dependent cleavage and subsequent nuclear translocation of Relish |
| GO:0045089 positive regulation of innate immune response | IMP PMID:18066067 Akirins are highly conserved nuclear proteins required for N... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish positively regulates innate immune responses (e.g. Akirin-dependent target selectivity). Reason: Relish is the central transcriptional effector of Imd-pathway innate immunity. Supporting Evidence: PMID:25180232 The NF-ΞΊB transcription factor Relish activates effector gene expression following Gram-negative bacterial immune challenge. PMID:18066067 Expression of these effector genes requires the signal-dependent cleavage and subsequent nuclear translocation of Relish |
| GO:0045429 positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process | IMP PMID:19221590 Short-term starvation of immune deficient Drosophila improve... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Relish-dependent gene expression and nitric oxide production in starvation/infection survival experiments. Reason: Indirect, context-specific readouts from mutant survival experiments; the core function is transcription activation of immune genes. Supporting Evidence: PMID:19221590 Imd is deployed primarily against Gram-negative bacteria via the NF-ΞΊB homologue Relish [7]. |
| GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish positively regulates RNA Pol II transcription of immune and feedback genes. Reason: Core process consistent with its transcription activator activity. Supporting Evidence: PMID:19497884 Instead they are critical for recruitment of RNA polymerase II and antimicrobial peptide gene induction |
| GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | IDA PMID:19497884 Two roles for the Drosophila IKK complex in the activation o... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish positively regulates RNA Pol II transcription of immune and feedback genes. Reason: Core process consistent with its transcription activator activity. Supporting Evidence: PMID:19497884 Instead they are critical for recruitment of RNA polymerase II and antimicrobial peptide gene induction |
| GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | IDA PMID:35720331 Drosophila Relish Activating lncRNA-CR33942 Transcription Fa... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish positively regulates RNA Pol II transcription of immune and feedback genes. Reason: Core process consistent with its transcription activator activity. Supporting Evidence: PMID:19497884 Instead they are critical for recruitment of RNA polymerase II and antimicrobial peptide gene induction |
| GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | IDA PMID:36155909 Drosophila Relish-mediated miR-317 expression facilitates im... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish positively regulates RNA Pol II transcription of immune and feedback genes. Reason: Core process consistent with its transcription activator activity. Supporting Evidence: PMID:19497884 Instead they are critical for recruitment of RNA polymerase II and antimicrobial peptide gene induction |
| GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | IDA PMID:37358278 The NF-ΞΊB/Relish Activates miR-308 to Negatively Regulate Im... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish positively regulates RNA Pol II transcription of immune and feedback genes. Reason: Core process consistent with its transcription activator activity. Supporting Evidence: PMID:19497884 Instead they are critical for recruitment of RNA polymerase II and antimicrobial peptide gene induction |
| GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | IDA PMID:38762126 Relish-mediated C2H2 zinc finger protein IMZF restores Droso... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish positively regulates RNA Pol II transcription of immune and feedback genes. Reason: Core process consistent with its transcription activator activity. Supporting Evidence: PMID:19497884 Instead they are critical for recruitment of RNA polymerase II and antimicrobial peptide gene induction |
| GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | IDA PMID:8816802 Origins of immunity: Relish, a compound Rel-like gene in the... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish positively regulates RNA Pol II transcription of immune and feedback genes. Reason: Core process consistent with its transcription activator activity. Supporting Evidence: PMID:19497884 Instead they are critical for recruitment of RNA polymerase II and antimicrobial peptide gene induction |
| GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | IMP PMID:24010524 The Oct1 homolog Nubbin is a repressor of NF-ΞΊB-dependent im... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish positively regulates RNA Pol II transcription of immune and feedback genes. Reason: Core process consistent with its transcription activator activity. Supporting Evidence: PMID:19497884 Instead they are critical for recruitment of RNA polymerase II and antimicrobial peptide gene induction |
| GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | IMP PMID:25180232 Akirin specifies NF-ΞΊB selectivity of Drosophila innate immu... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish positively regulates RNA Pol II transcription of immune and feedback genes. Reason: Core process consistent with its transcription activator activity. Supporting Evidence: PMID:19497884 Instead they are critical for recruitment of RNA polymerase II and antimicrobial peptide gene induction |
| GO:0046426 negative regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT | IDA PMID:35905720 A dRASSF-STRIPAK-Imd-JAK/STAT axis controls antiviral immune... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Relish restrains JAK/STAT signalling during antiviral responses. Reason: Supported but context-specific cross-regulation. Supporting Evidence: PMID:35905720 Activated Imd signaling then employs the effector Relish to interfere with the dimerization of JAK/STAT transmembrane receptor Domeless, therefore preventing excessive JAK/STAT signaling. |
| GO:0048468 cell development | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: Broad developmental process terms from automated (ARBA) inference. Reason: These generic developmental terms are not specific to Relish function; specific developmental observations (neural fate, dendrite morphology) are separately annotated from experiments and are themselves secondary roles. |
| GO:0048731 system development | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: Broad developmental process terms from automated (ARBA) inference. Reason: These generic developmental terms are not specific to Relish function; specific developmental observations (neural fate, dendrite morphology) are separately annotated from experiments and are themselves secondary roles. |
| GO:0048813 dendrite morphogenesis | IMP PMID:23977298 Functional genomic analyses of two morphologically distinct ... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: RNAi of Rel altered dendrite morphology in a sensory-neuron transcription factor screen. Reason: Screen-level evidence for a context-specific neuronal role. |
| GO:0048935 peripheral nervous system neuron development | IMP PMID:18000549 NF-kappaB/Rel-mediated regulation of the neural fate in Dros... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Rel mutants display ectopic bristles, implicating NF-kappaB/Rel proteins in neural fate regulation. Reason: Supported by mutant phenotype (temperature-dependent, partially penetrant); a secondary developmental role. Supporting Evidence: PMID:18000549 Flies homozygous for loss of function alleles of dl, Dif and Rel were found to display ectopic bristles on the notum in dorsocentral, scutellar and lateral regions (Figure 1B,C,D). |
| GO:0050766 positive regulation of phagocytosis | IMP PMID:28579255 Lysosomal Degradation Is Required for Sustained Phagocytosis... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Relish is required to sustain phagocytosis of bacteria by macrophages. Reason: Supported by mutant analysis but a secondary, cell-type-specific role. Supporting Evidence: PMID:28579255 To examine whether Relish is required for sustaining phagocytosis after internalization of bacteria, we performed sequential phagocytosis assay on primary isolated larval macrophages from Relish null mutants (RelE20). |
| GO:0050829 defense response to Gram-negative bacterium | IDA PMID:35720331 Drosophila Relish Activating lncRNA-CR33942 Transcription Fa... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish is essential for defense against Gram-negative bacteria. Reason: Core biological role supported by many mutant studies. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11269502 we propose that Dredd, Immune Deficiency and the P105-like rel protein Relish define a pathway that is required to resist gram-negative bacterial infection |
| GO:0050829 defense response to Gram-negative bacterium | IGI PMID:17129215 Trade-offs between longevity and pathogen resistance in Dros... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish is essential for defense against Gram-negative bacteria. Reason: Core biological role supported by many mutant studies. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11269502 we propose that Dredd, Immune Deficiency and the P105-like rel protein Relish define a pathway that is required to resist gram-negative bacterial infection |
| GO:0050829 defense response to Gram-negative bacterium | IMP PMID:16894030 The Drosophila inhibitor of apoptosis protein DIAP2 function... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish is essential for defense against Gram-negative bacteria. Reason: Core biological role supported by many mutant studies. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11269502 we propose that Dredd, Immune Deficiency and the P105-like rel protein Relish define a pathway that is required to resist gram-negative bacterial infection |
| GO:0050829 defense response to Gram-negative bacterium | IMP PMID:18066067 Akirins are highly conserved nuclear proteins required for N... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish is essential for defense against Gram-negative bacteria. Reason: Core biological role supported by many mutant studies. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11269502 we propose that Dredd, Immune Deficiency and the P105-like rel protein Relish define a pathway that is required to resist gram-negative bacterial infection |
| GO:0050829 defense response to Gram-negative bacterium | IMP PMID:19046341 Genetic analysis of Drosophila melanogaster susceptibility t... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish is essential for defense against Gram-negative bacteria. Reason: Core biological role supported by many mutant studies. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11269502 we propose that Dredd, Immune Deficiency and the P105-like rel protein Relish define a pathway that is required to resist gram-negative bacterial infection |
| GO:0050829 defense response to Gram-negative bacterium | IMP PMID:22549468 Ubiquitylation of the initiator caspase DREDD is required fo... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish is essential for defense against Gram-negative bacteria. Reason: Core biological role supported by many mutant studies. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11269502 we propose that Dredd, Immune Deficiency and the P105-like rel protein Relish define a pathway that is required to resist gram-negative bacterial infection |
| GO:0051607 defense response to virus | IMP PMID:19829691 The Imd pathway is involved in antiviral immune responses in... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish is required for antiviral defense. Reason: Multiple independent mutant studies show Relish controls viral infection. Supporting Evidence: PMID:30119996 two components of the IMD pathway, the kinase dIKKΞ² and the transcription factor Relish, were required to control infection by two picorna-like viruses |
| GO:0051607 defense response to virus | IMP PMID:29934091 Inflammation-Induced, STING-Dependent Autophagy Restricts Zi... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish is required for antiviral defense. Reason: Multiple independent mutant studies show Relish controls viral infection. Supporting Evidence: PMID:30119996 two components of the IMD pathway, the kinase dIKKΞ² and the transcription factor Relish, were required to control infection by two picorna-like viruses |
| GO:0051607 defense response to virus | IMP PMID:30119996 The Kinase IKKΞ² Regulates a STING- and NF-ΞΊB-Dependent Antiv... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish is required for antiviral defense. Reason: Multiple independent mutant studies show Relish controls viral infection. Supporting Evidence: PMID:30119996 two components of the IMD pathway, the kinase dIKKΞ² and the transcription factor Relish, were required to control infection by two picorna-like viruses |
| GO:0051607 defense response to virus | IMP PMID:34261127 cGAS-like receptors sense RNA and control 3'2'-cGAMP signall... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish is required for antiviral defense. Reason: Multiple independent mutant studies show Relish controls viral infection. Supporting Evidence: PMID:30119996 two components of the IMD pathway, the kinase dIKKΞ² and the transcription factor Relish, were required to control infection by two picorna-like viruses |
| GO:0051607 defense response to virus | IMP PMID:35905720 A dRASSF-STRIPAK-Imd-JAK/STAT axis controls antiviral immune... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish is required for antiviral defense. Reason: Multiple independent mutant studies show Relish controls viral infection. Supporting Evidence: PMID:30119996 two components of the IMD pathway, the kinase dIKKΞ² and the transcription factor Relish, were required to control infection by two picorna-like viruses |
| GO:0061057 peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway | HMP PMID:16163390 Inhibitor of apoptosis 2 and TAK1-binding protein are compon... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish is the transcription factor effector of the PGRP (Imd) signaling pathway. Reason: Defining pathway role, supported by numerous genetic and biochemical studies. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11269501 The Rel/NF-kappaB transcription factor Relish plays a key role in the humoral immune response in Drosophila. PMID:19497884 Signal-dependent activation of Relish, including cleavage, requires both the Drosophila IkappaB kinase (IKK) and death-related ced-3/Nedd2-like protein (DREDD) |
| GO:0061057 peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway | IDA PMID:34452932 Protein Phosphatase 4 Negatively Regulates the Immune Defici... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish is the transcription factor effector of the PGRP (Imd) signaling pathway. Reason: Defining pathway role, supported by numerous genetic and biochemical studies. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11269501 The Rel/NF-kappaB transcription factor Relish plays a key role in the humoral immune response in Drosophila. PMID:19497884 Signal-dependent activation of Relish, including cleavage, requires both the Drosophila IkappaB kinase (IKK) and death-related ced-3/Nedd2-like protein (DREDD) |
| GO:0061057 peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway | IDA PMID:35720331 Drosophila Relish Activating lncRNA-CR33942 Transcription Fa... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish is the transcription factor effector of the PGRP (Imd) signaling pathway. Reason: Defining pathway role, supported by numerous genetic and biochemical studies. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11269501 The Rel/NF-kappaB transcription factor Relish plays a key role in the humoral immune response in Drosophila. PMID:19497884 Signal-dependent activation of Relish, including cleavage, requires both the Drosophila IkappaB kinase (IKK) and death-related ced-3/Nedd2-like protein (DREDD) |
| GO:0061057 peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway | IDA PMID:37956726 Relish-facilitated lncRNA-CR11538 suppresses Drosophila Imd ... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish is the transcription factor effector of the PGRP (Imd) signaling pathway. Reason: Defining pathway role, supported by numerous genetic and biochemical studies. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11269501 The Rel/NF-kappaB transcription factor Relish plays a key role in the humoral immune response in Drosophila. PMID:19497884 Signal-dependent activation of Relish, including cleavage, requires both the Drosophila IkappaB kinase (IKK) and death-related ced-3/Nedd2-like protein (DREDD) |
| GO:0061057 peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway | IGI PMID:12401167 A ubiquitin-proteasome pathway represses the Drosophila immu... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish is the transcription factor effector of the PGRP (Imd) signaling pathway. Reason: Defining pathway role, supported by numerous genetic and biochemical studies. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11269501 The Rel/NF-kappaB transcription factor Relish plays a key role in the humoral immune response in Drosophila. PMID:19497884 Signal-dependent activation of Relish, including cleavage, requires both the Drosophila IkappaB kinase (IKK) and death-related ced-3/Nedd2-like protein (DREDD) |
| GO:0061057 peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway | IMP PMID:11269502 The Drosophila caspase Dredd is required to resist gram-nega... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish is the transcription factor effector of the PGRP (Imd) signaling pathway. Reason: Defining pathway role, supported by numerous genetic and biochemical studies. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11269501 The Rel/NF-kappaB transcription factor Relish plays a key role in the humoral immune response in Drosophila. PMID:19497884 Signal-dependent activation of Relish, including cleavage, requires both the Drosophila IkappaB kinase (IKK) and death-related ced-3/Nedd2-like protein (DREDD) |
| GO:0061057 peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway | IMP PMID:11400160 Cactus-independent nuclear translocation of Drosophila RELIS... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish is the transcription factor effector of the PGRP (Imd) signaling pathway. Reason: Defining pathway role, supported by numerous genetic and biochemical studies. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11269501 The Rel/NF-kappaB transcription factor Relish plays a key role in the humoral immune response in Drosophila. PMID:19497884 Signal-dependent activation of Relish, including cleavage, requires both the Drosophila IkappaB kinase (IKK) and death-related ced-3/Nedd2-like protein (DREDD) |
| GO:0061057 peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway | IMP PMID:12431377 Sequential activation of signaling pathways during innate im... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish is the transcription factor effector of the PGRP (Imd) signaling pathway. Reason: Defining pathway role, supported by numerous genetic and biochemical studies. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11269501 The Rel/NF-kappaB transcription factor Relish plays a key role in the humoral immune response in Drosophila. PMID:19497884 Signal-dependent activation of Relish, including cleavage, requires both the Drosophila IkappaB kinase (IKK) and death-related ced-3/Nedd2-like protein (DREDD) |
| GO:0061057 peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway | IMP PMID:16894030 The Drosophila inhibitor of apoptosis protein DIAP2 function... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish is the transcription factor effector of the PGRP (Imd) signaling pathway. Reason: Defining pathway role, supported by numerous genetic and biochemical studies. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11269501 The Rel/NF-kappaB transcription factor Relish plays a key role in the humoral immune response in Drosophila. PMID:19497884 Signal-dependent activation of Relish, including cleavage, requires both the Drosophila IkappaB kinase (IKK) and death-related ced-3/Nedd2-like protein (DREDD) |
| GO:0061057 peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway | IMP PMID:17343912 Iap2 is required for a sustained response in the Drosophila ... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish is the transcription factor effector of the PGRP (Imd) signaling pathway. Reason: Defining pathway role, supported by numerous genetic and biochemical studies. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11269501 The Rel/NF-kappaB transcription factor Relish plays a key role in the humoral immune response in Drosophila. PMID:19497884 Signal-dependent activation of Relish, including cleavage, requires both the Drosophila IkappaB kinase (IKK) and death-related ced-3/Nedd2-like protein (DREDD) |
| GO:0061057 peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway | IMP PMID:18066067 Akirins are highly conserved nuclear proteins required for N... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish is the transcription factor effector of the PGRP (Imd) signaling pathway. Reason: Defining pathway role, supported by numerous genetic and biochemical studies. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11269501 The Rel/NF-kappaB transcription factor Relish plays a key role in the humoral immune response in Drosophila. PMID:19497884 Signal-dependent activation of Relish, including cleavage, requires both the Drosophila IkappaB kinase (IKK) and death-related ced-3/Nedd2-like protein (DREDD) |
| GO:0061057 peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway | IMP PMID:19497884 Two roles for the Drosophila IKK complex in the activation o... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish is the transcription factor effector of the PGRP (Imd) signaling pathway. Reason: Defining pathway role, supported by numerous genetic and biochemical studies. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11269501 The Rel/NF-kappaB transcription factor Relish plays a key role in the humoral immune response in Drosophila. PMID:19497884 Signal-dependent activation of Relish, including cleavage, requires both the Drosophila IkappaB kinase (IKK) and death-related ced-3/Nedd2-like protein (DREDD) |
| GO:0061057 peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway | IMP PMID:22549468 Ubiquitylation of the initiator caspase DREDD is required fo... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish is the transcription factor effector of the PGRP (Imd) signaling pathway. Reason: Defining pathway role, supported by numerous genetic and biochemical studies. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11269501 The Rel/NF-kappaB transcription factor Relish plays a key role in the humoral immune response in Drosophila. PMID:19497884 Signal-dependent activation of Relish, including cleavage, requires both the Drosophila IkappaB kinase (IKK) and death-related ced-3/Nedd2-like protein (DREDD) |
| GO:0061057 peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway | IMP PMID:23613578 Dnr1 mutations cause neurodegeneration in Drosophila by acti... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish is the transcription factor effector of the PGRP (Imd) signaling pathway. Reason: Defining pathway role, supported by numerous genetic and biochemical studies. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11269501 The Rel/NF-kappaB transcription factor Relish plays a key role in the humoral immune response in Drosophila. PMID:19497884 Signal-dependent activation of Relish, including cleavage, requires both the Drosophila IkappaB kinase (IKK) and death-related ced-3/Nedd2-like protein (DREDD) |
| GO:0061057 peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway | IMP PMID:29934091 Inflammation-Induced, STING-Dependent Autophagy Restricts Zi... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish is the transcription factor effector of the PGRP (Imd) signaling pathway. Reason: Defining pathway role, supported by numerous genetic and biochemical studies. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11269501 The Rel/NF-kappaB transcription factor Relish plays a key role in the humoral immune response in Drosophila. PMID:19497884 Signal-dependent activation of Relish, including cleavage, requires both the Drosophila IkappaB kinase (IKK) and death-related ced-3/Nedd2-like protein (DREDD) |
| GO:0061057 peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway | IMP PMID:33826881 Constitutive immune activity promotes JNK- and FoxO-dependen... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish is the transcription factor effector of the PGRP (Imd) signaling pathway. Reason: Defining pathway role, supported by numerous genetic and biochemical studies. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11269501 The Rel/NF-kappaB transcription factor Relish plays a key role in the humoral immune response in Drosophila. PMID:19497884 Signal-dependent activation of Relish, including cleavage, requires both the Drosophila IkappaB kinase (IKK) and death-related ced-3/Nedd2-like protein (DREDD) |
| GO:0106222 lncRNA binding | IPI PMID:37956726 Relish-facilitated lncRNA-CR11538 suppresses Drosophila Imd ... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Relish binds the lncRNA CR11538, which decoys it away from AMP promoters. Reason: A regulatory interaction in which Relish is the target of the lncRNA decoy; supported but not a core activity of Relish. Supporting Evidence: PMID:37956726 Mechanically, lncRNA-CR11538 decoys Relish away from AMPs promoter region. |
| GO:0140374 antiviral innate immune response | IMP PMID:33262294 2'3'-cGAMP triggers a STING- and NF-ΞΊB-dependent broad antiv... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish mediates cGAMP/STING-induced antiviral innate immunity. Reason: Directly supported by Relish mutant analysis in cGAMP-induced and enteric antiviral immunity. Supporting Evidence: PMID:33262294 By contrast, this protection was abrogated in flies with mutations in the gene encoding the NF-ΞΊB transcription factor Relish. |
| GO:0140374 antiviral innate immune response | IMP PMID:34965418 Orally acquired cyclic dinucleotides drive dSTING-dependent ... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish mediates cGAMP/STING-induced antiviral innate immunity. Reason: Directly supported by Relish mutant analysis in cGAMP-induced and enteric antiviral immunity. Supporting Evidence: PMID:33262294 By contrast, this protection was abrogated in flies with mutations in the gene encoding the NF-ΞΊB transcription factor Relish. |
| GO:0140896 cGAS/STING signaling pathway | IDA PMID:38969190 A cryptic homotypic interaction motif of insect STING is req... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish is the transcription factor at the end of the fly cGAS-like receptor/STING/IKKbeta pathway. Reason: Relish activation downstream of STING and IKKbeta is required for cGAMP- and STING-dependent antiviral gene induction; insect STING activates Relish via IMD. Supporting Evidence: PMID:33262294 By contrast, this protection was abrogated in flies with mutations in the gene encoding the NF-ΞΊB transcription factor Relish. PMID:30119996 We identified a set of genes induced by viral infection and regulated by dIKKΞ² and Relish, which included an ortholog of STING. |
| GO:0140896 cGAS/STING signaling pathway | IMP PMID:30119996 The Kinase IKKΞ² Regulates a STING- and NF-ΞΊB-Dependent Antiv... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish is the transcription factor at the end of the fly cGAS-like receptor/STING/IKKbeta pathway. Reason: Relish activation downstream of STING and IKKbeta is required for cGAMP- and STING-dependent antiviral gene induction; insect STING activates Relish via IMD. Supporting Evidence: PMID:33262294 By contrast, this protection was abrogated in flies with mutations in the gene encoding the NF-ΞΊB transcription factor Relish. PMID:30119996 We identified a set of genes induced by viral infection and regulated by dIKKΞ² and Relish, which included an ortholog of STING. |
| GO:0140896 cGAS/STING signaling pathway | IMP PMID:33262294 2'3'-cGAMP triggers a STING- and NF-ΞΊB-dependent broad antiv... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish is the transcription factor at the end of the fly cGAS-like receptor/STING/IKKbeta pathway. Reason: Relish activation downstream of STING and IKKbeta is required for cGAMP- and STING-dependent antiviral gene induction; insect STING activates Relish via IMD. Supporting Evidence: PMID:33262294 By contrast, this protection was abrogated in flies with mutations in the gene encoding the NF-ΞΊB transcription factor Relish. PMID:30119996 We identified a set of genes induced by viral infection and regulated by dIKKΞ² and Relish, which included an ortholog of STING. |
| GO:0140896 cGAS/STING signaling pathway | IMP PMID:34261127 cGAS-like receptors sense RNA and control 3'2'-cGAMP signall... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish is the transcription factor at the end of the fly cGAS-like receptor/STING/IKKbeta pathway. Reason: Relish activation downstream of STING and IKKbeta is required for cGAMP- and STING-dependent antiviral gene induction; insect STING activates Relish via IMD. Supporting Evidence: PMID:33262294 By contrast, this protection was abrogated in flies with mutations in the gene encoding the NF-ΞΊB transcription factor Relish. PMID:30119996 We identified a set of genes induced by viral infection and regulated by dIKKΞ² and Relish, which included an ortholog of STING. |
| GO:0140896 cGAS/STING signaling pathway | IMP PMID:34965418 Orally acquired cyclic dinucleotides drive dSTING-dependent ... | ACCEPT | Summary: Relish is the transcription factor at the end of the fly cGAS-like receptor/STING/IKKbeta pathway. Reason: Relish activation downstream of STING and IKKbeta is required for cGAMP- and STING-dependent antiviral gene induction; insect STING activates Relish via IMD. Supporting Evidence: PMID:33262294 By contrast, this protection was abrogated in flies with mutations in the gene encoding the NF-ΞΊB transcription factor Relish. PMID:30119996 We identified a set of genes induced by viral infection and regulated by dIKKΞ² and Relish, which included an ortholog of STING. |
| GO:0160108 animal gross anatomical part developmental process | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: Broad developmental process terms from automated (ARBA) inference. Reason: These generic developmental terms are not specific to Relish function; specific developmental observations (neural fate, dendrite morphology) are separately annotated from experiments and are themselves secondary roles. |
| GO:2000647 negative regulation of stem cell proliferation | IMP PMID:23781070 Mutations in the IMD pathway and mustard counter Vibrio chol... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: IMD pathway activity contributes to Vibrio cholerae-induced suppression of intestinal stem cell division. Reason: Context-specific (infection) phenotype in gut epithelium; not a core Relish function. |
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Download this section (compressed HTML)Relish (Rel) encodes a transcription factor and the downstream component of the immune deficiency pathway, which regulates the antibacterial response and other less characterized cellular processes.
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