Zw10 (Zeste-white 10) is a conserved coiled-coil protein with two separable roles. In mitosis it is a subunit of the Rod-Zw10-Zwilch (RZZ) complex, an outer-kinetochore/fibrous-corona component that accumulates on unattached kinetochores, recruits Spindly-dynein-dynactin and the Mad1-Mad2 checkpoint complex, and is required for spindle assembly checkpoint signalling and accurate sister chromatid segregation; after attachment the RZZ streams away from kinetochores along kinetochore microtubules in a dynein-dependent manner. In interphase and in spermatocytes Zw10 associates with ER and Golgi membranes and, together with Rint1, functions in ER-Golgi membrane trafficking, maintaining Golgi stack number and morphology and supplying plasma membrane for cleavage furrow ingression during male meiotic cytokinesis.
| GO Term | Evidence | Action | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0000070 mitotic sister chromatid segregation | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Zw10 is required for accurate mitotic sister chromatid segregation. Reason: zw10 mutants show high rates of chromatid missegregation; conserved RZZ function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11590237 mutations in either gene greatly increase the missegregation of sister chromatids during mitosis |
| GO:0000070 mitotic sister chromatid segregation | IMP PMID:11590237 The ZW10 and Rough Deal checkpoint proteins function togethe... | ACCEPT | Summary: Zw10 is required for accurate mitotic sister chromatid segregation. Reason: zw10 mutants show high rates of chromatid missegregation; conserved RZZ function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11590237 mutations in either gene greatly increase the missegregation of sister chromatids during mitosis |
| GO:0000278 mitotic cell cycle | IEA GO_REF:0000002 | MODIFY | Summary: General mitotic cell cycle term from InterPro mapping. Reason: Correct but uninformative; MODIFY to mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint signaling, which Zw10 already carries (IBA, IMP). Proposed replacements: mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint signaling |
| GO:0000775 chromosome, centromeric region | IEA GO_REF:0000002 | MODIFY | Summary: Zw10 localizes to the centromeric region/kinetochore. Reason: Correct but uninformative parent; MODIFY to kinetochore, which Zw10 already carries (IDA). Proposed replacements: kinetochore Supporting Evidence: PMID:11590237 The zeste-white 10 (zw10) and rough deal (rod) genes of Drosophila both encode kinetochore components |
| GO:0000776 kinetochore | IDA PMID:11590237 The ZW10 and Rough Deal checkpoint proteins function togethe... | ACCEPT | Summary: Zw10 is a kinetochore component. Reason: Directly observed kinetochore localization, interdependent with Rod and Zwilch. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11590237 The zeste-white 10 (zw10) and rough deal (rod) genes of Drosophila both encode kinetochore components PMID:12686595 Zwilch localizes to kinetochores and kinetochore microtubules in a manner identical to ZW10 and ROD |
| GO:0000776 kinetochore | IDA PMID:12686595 Zwilch, a new component of the ZW10/ROD complex required for... | ACCEPT | Summary: Zw10 is a kinetochore component. Reason: Directly observed kinetochore localization, interdependent with Rod and Zwilch. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11590237 The zeste-white 10 (zw10) and rough deal (rod) genes of Drosophila both encode kinetochore components PMID:12686595 Zwilch localizes to kinetochores and kinetochore microtubules in a manner identical to ZW10 and ROD |
| GO:0000776 kinetochore | IDA PMID:22685323 The Drosophila RZZ complex - roles in membrane trafficking a... | ACCEPT | Summary: Zw10 is a kinetochore component. Reason: Directly observed kinetochore localization, interdependent with Rod and Zwilch. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11590237 The zeste-white 10 (zw10) and rough deal (rod) genes of Drosophila both encode kinetochore components PMID:12686595 Zwilch localizes to kinetochores and kinetochore microtubules in a manner identical to ZW10 and ROD |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:12686595 Zwilch, a new component of the ZW10/ROD complex required for... | REMOVE | Summary: Zw10 co-purifies with Rod and Zwilch. Reason: Bare protein binding adds no functional information; the interaction is captured by RZZ complex membership. Removal does not imply the interaction is false. Supporting Evidence: PMID:12686595 We found that the complex contains an additional protein we name Zwilch |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | IEA GO_REF:0000120 | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: Electronic nucleus annotation. Reason: Fly Zw10 is cytoplasmic/ER-Golgi associated in interphase and kinetochore-bound in mitosis; there is no evidence for a nuclear function, and kinetochore association after nuclear envelope breakdown does not justify a nucleus term. Supporting Evidence: PMID:22685323 Zw10 is enriched at both the Golgi stacks and the ER of Drosophila spermatocytes |
| GO:0005737 cytoplasm | IEA GO_REF:0000044 | MODIFY | Summary: Zw10 has a cytoplasmic pool. Reason: Correct but general; the cytoplasmic functional location is the ER (Dsl1/NZR complex), so MODIFY to endoplasmic reticulum, which Zw10 already carries (ISS). The kinetochore and spindle pool of Zw10 (RZZ complex) is captured by its own rows and is not part of the cytoplasm. Proposed replacements: endoplasmic reticulum |
| GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum | ISS GO_REF:0000024 | ACCEPT | Summary: Zw10 is enriched at the ER. Reason: Directly observed in spermatocytes and consistent with NRZ tethering role. Supporting Evidence: PMID:22685323 Zw10 is enriched at both the Golgi stacks and the ER of Drosophila spermatocytes |
| GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus | EXP PMID:22685323 The Drosophila RZZ complex - roles in membrane trafficking a... | ACCEPT | Summary: Zw10 localizes to the Golgi. Reason: Experimentally observed Golgi enrichment. Supporting Evidence: PMID:22685323 Zw10 is enriched at both the Golgi stacks and the ER of Drosophila spermatocytes |
| GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus | IEA GO_REF:0000044 | ACCEPT | Summary: Zw10 localizes to the Golgi. Reason: Experimentally observed Golgi enrichment. Supporting Evidence: PMID:22685323 Zw10 is enriched at both the Golgi stacks and the ER of Drosophila spermatocytes |
| GO:0005795 Golgi stack | IDA PMID:22685323 The Drosophila RZZ complex - roles in membrane trafficking a... | ACCEPT | Summary: Zw10 localizes to Golgi stacks. Reason: Experimentally observed Golgi stack enrichment. Supporting Evidence: PMID:22685323 Zw10 is enriched at both the Golgi stacks and the ER of Drosophila spermatocytes |
| GO:0005795 Golgi stack | IEA GO_REF:0000044 | ACCEPT | Summary: Zw10 localizes to Golgi stacks. Reason: Experimentally observed Golgi stack enrichment. Supporting Evidence: PMID:22685323 Zw10 is enriched at both the Golgi stacks and the ER of Drosophila spermatocytes |
| GO:0005819 spindle | IEA GO_REF:0000044 | MODIFY | Summary: Zw10 associates with the spindle via kinetochore microtubules. Reason: Correct but less specific; MODIFY to kinetochore microtubule, which Zw10 already carries (IBA, IDA). Proposed replacements: kinetochore microtubule |
| GO:0005828 kinetochore microtubule | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Zw10/RZZ streams along kinetochore microtubules after attachment. Reason: Characteristic localization of RZZ; observed directly. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11590237 colocalize on HeLa cell kinetochores or kinetochore microtubules throughout most but not all of mitosis |
| GO:0005828 kinetochore microtubule | IDA PMID:11590237 The ZW10 and Rough Deal checkpoint proteins function togethe... | ACCEPT | Summary: Zw10/RZZ streams along kinetochore microtubules after attachment. Reason: Characteristic localization of RZZ; observed directly. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11590237 colocalize on HeLa cell kinetochores or kinetochore microtubules throughout most but not all of mitosis |
| GO:0005828 kinetochore microtubule | IDA PMID:22685323 The Drosophila RZZ complex - roles in membrane trafficking a... | ACCEPT | Summary: Zw10/RZZ streams along kinetochore microtubules after attachment. Reason: Characteristic localization of RZZ; observed directly. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11590237 colocalize on HeLa cell kinetochores or kinetochore microtubules throughout most but not all of mitosis |
| GO:0005856 cytoskeleton | IEA GO_REF:0000044 | MODIFY | Summary: General cytoskeleton mapping. Reason: Correct but uninformative; MODIFY to kinetochore microtubule, which Zw10 already carries (IBA, IDA). Proposed replacements: kinetochore microtubule |
| GO:0006888 endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | MODIFY | Summary: Phylogenetic transfer of ER-Golgi trafficking from the ZW10/Dsl1-NRZ family. Reason: Fly Zw10 localizes to ER and Golgi and with Rint1 is required for ER-Golgi trafficking, so a Golgi-ER transport role is well supported. However this term is the anterograde (COPII, ER-to-Golgi) direction, whereas the Dsl1/NRZ complex is an ER-resident tether for vesicles returning from the Golgi (retrograde), as the supporting quote states, and the fly data do not show an anterograde role. The direction-neutral parent Golgi vesicle transport (already present as an ISS row and used in core_functions) is the appropriate replacement. Proposed replacements: Golgi vesicle transport Supporting Evidence: PMID:22685323 form a second complex involved in vesicle transport between Golgi and ER PMID:25453831 localized to ER membranes and tethers and then fuses vesicles returning from the Golgi |
| GO:0007030 Golgi organization | IMP PMID:22685323 The Drosophila RZZ complex - roles in membrane trafficking a... | ACCEPT | Summary: zw10 mutants have abnormal Golgi morphology and fewer Golgi stacks. Reason: Direct mutant phenotype consistent with ER-Golgi trafficking role. Supporting Evidence: PMID:22685323 Mutations in zw10 and RNAi against the Drosophila homologue of RINT1 (rint1) cause strong defects in Golgi morphology |
| GO:0007060 male meiosis chromosome segregation | IMP PMID:22685323 The Drosophila RZZ complex - roles in membrane trafficking a... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Zw10 is needed for male meiotic chromosome segregation. Reason: Consistent with RZZ kinetochore function in meiosis; a meiotic extension of the core mitotic role. |
| GO:0007094 mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint signaling | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Zw10 is required for spindle assembly checkpoint signalling. Reason: Core function; zw10 cells fail to arrest upon spindle damage; RZZ recruits Mad2 to unattached kinetochores. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11146659 they do not arrest in metaphase in response to spindle damage PMID:15886105 requires Rod/Zw10 for its accumulation on unattached kinetochores |
| GO:0007094 mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint signaling | IMP PMID:11146659 Rough deal and Zw10 are required for the metaphase checkpoin... | ACCEPT | Summary: Zw10 is required for spindle assembly checkpoint signalling. Reason: Core function; zw10 cells fail to arrest upon spindle damage; RZZ recruits Mad2 to unattached kinetochores. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11146659 they do not arrest in metaphase in response to spindle damage PMID:15886105 requires Rod/Zw10 for its accumulation on unattached kinetochores |
| GO:0007107 membrane addition at site of cytokinesis | IMP PMID:22685323 The Drosophila RZZ complex - roles in membrane trafficking a... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Zw10 is needed for membrane addition during spermatocyte cytokinesis. Reason: Downstream consequence of its ER-Golgi trafficking function rather than a cytokinesis-specific activity. Supporting Evidence: PMID:22685323 furrow ingression halts prematurely due to defective plasma membrane addition |
| GO:0007112 male meiosis cytokinesis | IMP PMID:22685323 The Drosophila RZZ complex - roles in membrane trafficking a... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: zw10 spermatocytes often fail cytokinesis. Reason: Downstream of membrane trafficking defects; tissue-specific phenotype. Supporting Evidence: PMID:22685323 Loss of either Zw10 or Rint1 results in frequent failures of spermatocyte cytokinesis |
| GO:0031267 small GTPase binding | IPI PMID:25453831 Toward a comprehensive map of the effectors of rab GTPases. | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Zw10 is retrieved by GTP-locked Rab18 affinity chromatography. Reason: Supports a Rab18 effector relationship for the ER tethering machinery; not a core activity of Zw10. Supporting Evidence: PMID:25453831 Antisera against two NRZ subunits confirmed the interaction with Rab18 and showed it to be GTP specific |
| GO:0036063 acroblast | IDA PMID:22685323 The Drosophila RZZ complex - roles in membrane trafficking a... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Zw10 localizes to the acroblast, a Golgi-derived structure of spermatids. Reason: Consistent with Golgi association; tissue-specific location. |
| GO:0036090 cleavage furrow ingression | IMP PMID:22685323 The Drosophila RZZ complex - roles in membrane trafficking a... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Furrow ingression halts in zw10 spermatocytes. Reason: Downstream of membrane supply defects. Supporting Evidence: PMID:22685323 furrow ingression halts prematurely due to defective plasma membrane addition |
| GO:0048193 Golgi vesicle transport | ISS GO_REF:0000024 | ACCEPT | Summary: Zw10 functions in Golgi vesicle transport (ISS). Reason: Supported by fly ER/Golgi localization and mutant Golgi phenotypes, and by orthologue NRZ function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:22685323 Zw10 and Rint1 cooperate in the ER-Golgi trafficking |
| GO:0051233 spindle midzone | IDA PMID:22685323 The Drosophila RZZ complex - roles in membrane trafficking a... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Zw10 observed at the spindle midzone in spermatocytes. Reason: Curator-observed localization in dividing spermatocytes; not central to RZZ function. |
| GO:0051988 regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore | NAS PMID:12686595 Zwilch, a new component of the ZW10/ROD complex required for... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: RZZ recruits dynein that influences kinetochore-microtubule attachment. Reason: Plausible author statement (NAS) but indirect; the core roles are SAC signalling and dynein recruitment. Supporting Evidence: PMID:12686595 This complex recruits cytoplasmic dynein to the kinetochore and participates in the spindle checkpoint |
| GO:0070939 Dsl1/NZR complex | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Zw10 is a subunit of the Dsl1/NRZ tethering complex. Reason: Conserved NRZ membership; fly Zw10 cooperates with Rint1 in ER-Golgi trafficking. Supporting Evidence: PMID:22685323 together with the conserved RINT1/Tip20p and NAG/Sec39p proteins, form a second complex involved in vesicle transport between Golgi and ER |
| GO:0070939 Dsl1/NZR complex | ISS GO_REF:0000024 | ACCEPT | Summary: Zw10 is a subunit of the Dsl1/NRZ tethering complex. Reason: Conserved NRZ membership; fly Zw10 cooperates with Rint1 in ER-Golgi trafficking. Supporting Evidence: PMID:22685323 together with the conserved RINT1/Tip20p and NAG/Sec39p proteins, form a second complex involved in vesicle transport between Golgi and ER |
| GO:0140483 kinetochore adaptor activity | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: RZZ acts as a kinetochore adaptor recruiting dynein and Mad2. Reason: Fly RZZ is required for kinetochore recruitment of dynein/dynactin and Mad2, matching the adaptor definition. Supporting Evidence: PMID:15886105 Rod/Zw10 thus contributes to checkpoint activation by promoting Mad2 recruitment and to checkpoint inactivation by recruiting dynein/dynactin |
| GO:1990423 RZZ complex | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Zw10 is a core RZZ subunit. Reason: Biochemically purified complex containing Rod, Zw10 and Zwilch. Supporting Evidence: PMID:12686595 We found that the complex contains an additional protein we name Zwilch PMID:11590237 ROD and ZW10 are in fact physically associated |
| GO:1990423 RZZ complex | IDA PMID:12686595 Zwilch, a new component of the ZW10/ROD complex required for... | ACCEPT | Summary: Zw10 is a core RZZ subunit. Reason: Biochemically purified complex containing Rod, Zw10 and Zwilch. Supporting Evidence: PMID:12686595 We found that the complex contains an additional protein we name Zwilch PMID:11590237 ROD and ZW10 are in fact physically associated |
| GO:1990423 RZZ complex | IPI PMID:12686595 Zwilch, a new component of the ZW10/ROD complex required for... | ACCEPT | Summary: Zw10 is a core RZZ subunit. Reason: Biochemically purified complex containing Rod, Zw10 and Zwilch. Supporting Evidence: PMID:12686595 We found that the complex contains an additional protein we name Zwilch PMID:11590237 ROD and ZW10 are in fact physically associated |
| GO:1990423 RZZ complex | IPI PMID:25616898 A maternal effect rough deal mutation suggests that multiple... | ACCEPT | Summary: Zw10 is a core RZZ subunit. Reason: Biochemically purified complex containing Rod, Zw10 and Zwilch. Supporting Evidence: PMID:12686595 We found that the complex contains an additional protein we name Zwilch PMID:11590237 ROD and ZW10 are in fact physically associated |
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Download this section (compressed HTML)Q: Does fly Rod substitute for NBAS/NAG in an ER tethering complex with Zw10 and Rint1, or does Rod's Golgi role reflect a separate function?
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Download this section (compressed HTML)Zeste-white 10 (Zw10) encodes a subunit of the RZZ complex located at the kinetochores of chromosomes. The RZZ complex plays an essential role in the spindle assembly checkpoint that ensures proper connections between chromosomes and the mitotic spindle. The product of Zw10 is also found on the Golgi stacks and endoplasmic reticulum, where it functions in membrane formation and trafficking.
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