dorsal (dl) encodes a Rel/NF-kappaB family transcription factor with an N-terminal Rel homology domain (DNA binding and dimerization) and a C-terminal transactivation region. Maternally supplied Dorsal is held in the cytoplasm by the IkappaB homologue Cactus; ventral activation of the Toll receptor by the cytokine Spaetzle, relayed through Myd88, Tube and the kinase Pelle, triggers Cactus degradation and Dorsal nuclear import. The resulting ventral-to-dorsal nuclear gradient acts as the morphogen that specifies dorsoventral cell fates in the blastoderm embryo: Dorsal binds kappaB-like sites to activate ventral and lateral genes (twist, snail, sog) and, together with Groucho-recruiting cofactors at ventral repression regions, to repress dorsal genes (zen, dpp). After embryogenesis Dorsal acts with the paralogue Dif downstream of Toll in the larval fat body to induce antimicrobial peptides such as drosomycin, and in hemocytes to sustain blood cell number and differentiation. It forms homodimers and heterodimers with Dif and Relish. An alternative isoform (Dorsal B) is concentrated with Cactus at the postsynaptic neuromuscular junction, where it does not enter nuclei.
| GO Term | Evidence | Action | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0000977 RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding | IDA PMID:1988156 The dorsal morphogen is a sequence-specific DNA-binding prot... | ACCEPT | Summary: Dorsal binds kappaB-like sites in the zen ventral repression element through its Rel domain. Reason: Dorsal is a Rel homology domain (RHD) transcription factor that binds kappaB-like elements in the enhancers and silencers of RNA polymerase II-transcribed zygotic genes (zen, twist, snail, sog, dpp). Sequence-specific binding to RNA polymerase II regulatory regions is a core, well-established activity. Ip et al. directly demonstrated sequence-specific binding of the rel domain to zen promoter sequences. Supporting Evidence: PMID:1988156 Here we show that dl is a DNA-binding protein that specifically interacts with distal sequences of the zerknΓΌllt (zen) promoter, one of the genetic targets of the morphogen. PMID:1988156 We present evidence that the DNA-binding activity of the dl protein is mediated by the region of homology (the rel domain) conserved in the rel and NF-kappa B proteins. |
| GO:0000977 RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding | IDA PMID:7479760 Interactions of a Rel protein with its inhibitor. | ACCEPT | Summary: Yeast assays showing Dorsal DNA binding that is blocked by Cactus. Reason: Dorsal is a Rel homology domain (RHD) transcription factor that binds kappaB-like elements in the enhancers and silencers of RNA polymerase II-transcribed zygotic genes (zen, twist, snail, sog, dpp). Sequence-specific binding to RNA polymerase II regulatory regions is a core, well-established activity. Lehming et al. used yeast reporter assays in which Cactus blocks Dorsal DNA binding, which presupposes and supports the DNA-binding activity. Supporting Evidence: PMID:7479760 Cactus blocks the DNA binding and nuclear localization functions of Dorsal |
| GO:0000977 RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding | IDA PMID:9774673 Dorsal-mediated repression requires the formation of a multi... | ACCEPT | Summary: Dorsal binding sites in the zen ventral repression region (VRR). Reason: Dorsal is a Rel homology domain (RHD) transcription factor that binds kappaB-like elements in the enhancers and silencers of RNA polymerase II-transcribed zygotic genes (zen, twist, snail, sog, dpp). Sequence-specific binding to RNA polymerase II regulatory regions is a core, well-established activity. Valentine et al. characterized the zen VRR containing Dorsal binding sites. Supporting Evidence: PMID:9774673 Dorsal functions as both an activator and repressor of transcription to determine dorsoventral fate in the Drosophila melanogaster embryo. PMID:9774673 A VRR in zerknΓΌllt (zen) contains Dorsal binding sites as well as an essential element termed AT2. |
| GO:0000977 RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding | IDA PMID:9806924 Cell type-specific regulation of the Drosophila FMRF-NH2 neu... | ACCEPT | Summary: Annotation from a paper on Apterous regulation of the FMRFa neuropeptide gene; the cached abstract does not mention Dorsal. Reason: Dorsal is a Rel homology domain (RHD) transcription factor that binds kappaB-like elements in the enhancers and silencers of RNA polymerase II-transcribed zygotic genes (zen, twist, snail, sog, dpp). Sequence-specific binding to RNA polymerase II regulatory regions is a core, well-established activity. The cached record for PMID:9806924 is abstract-only and does not mention Dorsal, so the experiment behind this row cannot be checked here. The activity is well supported by other papers, so the curator is deferred to rather than the row removed. Supporting Evidence: PMID:1988156 Here we show that dl is a DNA-binding protein that specifically interacts with distal sequences of the zerknΓΌllt (zen) promoter, one of the genetic targets of the morphogen. |
| GO:0000977 RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | ACCEPT | Summary: ARBA electronic annotation of RNA polymerase II regulatory-region sequence-specific DNA binding. Reason: Dorsal is a Rel homology domain (RHD) transcription factor that binds kappaB-like elements in the enhancers and silencers of RNA polymerase II-transcribed zygotic genes (zen, twist, snail, sog, dpp). Sequence-specific binding to RNA polymerase II regulatory regions is a core, well-established activity. Consistent with direct experimental evidence. Supporting Evidence: PMID:1988156 Here we show that dl is a DNA-binding protein that specifically interacts with distal sequences of the zerknΓΌllt (zen) promoter, one of the genetic targets of the morphogen. |
| GO:0000978 RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: IBA: cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding inherited across the NF-kappaB/Rel family. Reason: Dorsal is a Rel homology domain (RHD) transcription factor that binds kappaB-like elements in the enhancers and silencers of RNA polymerase II-transcribed zygotic genes (zen, twist, snail, sog, dpp). Sequence-specific binding to RNA polymerase II regulatory regions is a core, well-established activity. The PAINT placement at the Rel family node is appropriate; Dorsal is an experimentally characterised member. Supporting Evidence: PMID:1648449 We demonstrate that dorsal is a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein that recognizes a motif similar to that recognized by the mammalian transcriptional activator NF-kappa B. PMID:1988156 Here we show that dl is a DNA-binding protein that specifically interacts with distal sequences of the zerknΓΌllt (zen) promoter, one of the genetic targets of the morphogen. |
| GO:0000978 RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding | IDA PMID:30982648 The Drosophila Pioneer Factor Zelda Modulates the Nuclear Mi... | ACCEPT | Summary: Dorsal accumulates at and activates the sog enhancer in live embryos. Reason: Dorsal is a Rel homology domain (RHD) transcription factor that binds kappaB-like elements in the enhancers and silencers of RNA polymerase II-transcribed zygotic genes (zen, twist, snail, sog, dpp). Sequence-specific binding to RNA polymerase II regulatory regions is a core, well-established activity. Supporting Evidence: PMID:30982648 The dorsal-ventral axis of the Drosophila embryo is determined by the graded distribution of Dorsal (Dl), a homolog of the nuclear factor ΞΊB (NF-ΞΊB) family of transcriptional activators found in humans PMID:30982648 Our results further show that this effective rate increase is due to an increased accumulation of Dl at the site of transcription |
| GO:0000981 DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: IBA: DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific. Reason: Dorsal is a bona fide RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor that activates (twist, snail, sog) or, in the context of ventral repression regions, represses (zen, dpp) target genes; this is its core molecular function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:1648449 by transient cotransfection assays, we show that the dorsal protein specifically activates expression from the twist promoter. PMID:9774673 Dorsal functions as both an activator and repressor of transcription to determine dorsoventral fate in the Drosophila melanogaster embryo. |
| GO:0000981 DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific | IDA PMID:30982648 The Drosophila Pioneer Factor Zelda Modulates the Nuclear Mi... | ACCEPT | Summary: Dorsal-driven transcription of sog measured by live MS2 imaging. Reason: Dorsal is a bona fide RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor that activates (twist, snail, sog) or, in the context of ventral repression regions, represses (zen, dpp) target genes; this is its core molecular function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:30982648 The dorsal-ventral axis of the Drosophila embryo is determined by the graded distribution of Dorsal (Dl), a homolog of the nuclear factor ΞΊB (NF-ΞΊB) family of transcriptional activators found in humans |
| GO:0000981 DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific | IDA PMID:7479760 Interactions of a Rel protein with its inhibitor. | ACCEPT | Summary: Dorsal transcriptional activation assayed in yeast. Reason: Dorsal is a bona fide RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor that activates (twist, snail, sog) or, in the context of ventral repression regions, represses (zen, dpp) target genes; this is its core molecular function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:7479760 In contrast, Dorsal's transcriptional activating region is functional in the Dorsal-Cactus complex. |
| GO:0000981 DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific | IGI PMID:12459265 The MADF-BESS domain factor Dip3 potentiates synergistic act... | ACCEPT | Summary: Contributes_to annotation: Dorsal acts with Twist and the coactivator Dip3 for synergistic activation. Reason: Dorsal is a bona fide RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor that activates (twist, snail, sog) or, in the context of ventral repression regions, represses (zen, dpp) target genes; this is its core molecular function. The contributes_to qualifier fits cooperative, synergistic activation with Twist at closely linked sites. Supporting Evidence: PMID:12459265 Dip3 functions as a coactivator to stimulate synergistic activation by Dorsal and Twist PMID:12459265 Dorsal and Twist bind to closely linked DNA elements in a number of promoters and synergistically activate transcription. |
| GO:0001228 DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific | IDA PMID:1648449 Sequence-specific transactivation of the Drosophila twist ge... | ACCEPT | Summary: Dorsal activates the twist promoter in cotransfection assays. Reason: Dorsal activates transcription of ventral and lateral zygotic genes (twist, snail, sog) in the embryo, and of Toll-pathway target genes in the immune response. The activator term is correct; Dorsal can also act as a repressor in a context-dependent way (see the proposed GO:0001227 row). Supporting Evidence: PMID:1648449 by transient cotransfection assays, we show that the dorsal protein specifically activates expression from the twist promoter. PMID:1648449 We demonstrate that dorsal is a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein that recognizes a motif similar to that recognized by the mammalian transcriptional activator NF-kappa B. |
| GO:0001228 DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific | IDA PMID:36516751 A Toll-dependent Bre1/Rad6-cact feedback loop in controlling... | ACCEPT | Summary: Dorsal induces Bre1 expression upon infection. Reason: Dorsal activates transcription of ventral and lateral zygotic genes (twist, snail, sog) in the embryo, and of Toll-pathway target genes in the immune response. The activator term is correct; Dorsal can also act as a repressor in a context-dependent way (see the proposed GO:0001227 row). Supporting Evidence: PMID:36516751 dorsal, one of the transcription factors of the fly Toll pathway, can induce the expression of the E3 ligase Bre1 |
| GO:0001228 DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | ACCEPT | Summary: ARBA electronic annotation of transcription activator activity. Reason: Dorsal activates transcription of ventral and lateral zygotic genes (twist, snail, sog) in the embryo, and of Toll-pathway target genes in the immune response. The activator term is correct; Dorsal can also act as a repressor in a context-dependent way (see the proposed GO:0001227 row). Supporting Evidence: PMID:1648449 by transient cotransfection assays, we show that the dorsal protein specifically activates expression from the twist promoter. |
| GO:0002225 positive regulation of antimicrobial peptide production | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: ARBA positive regulation of antimicrobial peptide production. Reason: In larval fat body Dorsal and Dif act redundantly downstream of Toll to induce drosomycin; in adults Dif alone is required. Dorsal therefore does regulate antimicrobial peptide production, but its role is secondary and stage-restricted relative to Dif. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10369678 This result suggests a functional redundancy between both Rel proteins in the control of drosomycin gene expression in the larvae of Drosophila. |
| GO:0002225 positive regulation of antimicrobial peptide production | IMP PMID:10369678 A mosaic analysis in Drosophila fat body cells of the contro... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Dorsal or Dif rescues drosomycin inducibility in dl Dif double-mutant fat body clones. Reason: In larval fat body Dorsal and Dif act redundantly downstream of Toll to induce drosomycin; in adults Dif alone is required. Dorsal therefore does regulate antimicrobial peptide production, but its role is secondary and stage-restricted relative to Dif. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10369678 in the absence of both genes, the immune-inducibility of drosomycin is lost but can be rescued by overexpression of either dorsal or dif under the control of a heat-shock promoter. PMID:10369678 This result suggests a functional redundancy between both Rel proteins in the control of drosomycin gene expression in the larvae of Drosophila. |
| GO:0003677 DNA binding | IEA GO_REF:0000002 | ACCEPT | Summary: InterPro-based generic DNA binding. Reason: Correct but uninformative parent of the sequence-specific DNA-binding terms; retained as a true statement. Supporting Evidence: PMID:1988156 Here we show that dl is a DNA-binding protein that specifically interacts with distal sequences of the zerknΓΌllt (zen) promoter, one of the genetic targets of the morphogen. |
| GO:0003700 DNA-binding transcription factor activity | IEA GO_REF:0000002 | ACCEPT | Summary: InterPro-based DNA-binding transcription factor activity. Reason: Correct; a less specific parent of GO:0000981, which is also annotated. Supporting Evidence: PMID:1648449 We demonstrate that dorsal is a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein that recognizes a motif similar to that recognized by the mammalian transcriptional activator NF-kappa B. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:10842059 Cactin, a conserved protein that interacts with the Drosophi... | REMOVE | Summary: Two-hybrid/co-IP interaction of Dorsal with Cactus reported in the Cactin paper. Reason: Protein binding is uninformative. The Dorsal-Cactus interaction is the NF-kappaB/IkappaB inhibitory complex, which GO captures on the inhibitor side (Cactus NF-kappaB binding); there is no specific MF term for an NF-kappaB binding its IkappaB, and the cached abstract does not describe this interaction. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10842059 Over-expression of cactin in a cactus(A2) heterozygous background results in the enhancement of the cactus phenotype. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:12653959 Tamo selectively modulates nuclear import in Drosophila. | REMOVE | Summary: Dorsal binds the nuclear-import modulator Tamo via its NLS. Reason: Protein binding is uninformative. Tamo is a regulator of Dorsal import; the interaction describes Dorsal as a cargo/substrate, not an activity of Dorsal, and no informative MF term applies. Supporting Evidence: PMID:12653959 We have identified a new protein, Tamo, which binds to Drosophila Rel protein Dorsal, but not to Dorsal lacking the nuclear localization sequence. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:12653959 Tamo selectively modulates nuclear import in Drosophila. | REMOVE | Summary: Dorsal binds the nuclear-import modulator Tamo via its NLS. Reason: Protein binding is uninformative. Tamo is a regulator of Dorsal import; the interaction describes Dorsal as a cargo/substrate, not an activity of Dorsal, and no informative MF term applies. Supporting Evidence: PMID:12653959 We have identified a new protein, Tamo, which binds to Drosophila Rel protein Dorsal, but not to Dorsal lacking the nuclear localization sequence. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:20679214 Heterodimers of NF-kappaB transcription factors DIF and Reli... | MODIFY | Summary: Dorsal heterodimerizes with Dif and Relish. Reason: Rel proteins function as obligate dimers, and Tanji et al. show that all combinations of Dorsal, Dif and Relish homo- and heterodimers form. Protein heterodimerization activity is the informative replacement for these Dif and Relish rows. Proposed replacements: protein heterodimerization activity Supporting Evidence: PMID:20679214 Dorsal, DIF, and Relish are NF-kappaB-related transcription factors and function as obligate dimers PMID:20679214 The results show that all combinations of homo- and heterodimers are formed, but with varying degrees of efficiency. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:20679214 Heterodimers of NF-kappaB transcription factors DIF and Reli... | MODIFY | Summary: Dorsal heterodimerizes with Dif and Relish. Reason: Rel proteins function as obligate dimers, and Tanji et al. show that all combinations of Dorsal, Dif and Relish homo- and heterodimers form. Protein heterodimerization activity is the informative replacement for these Dif and Relish rows. Proposed replacements: protein heterodimerization activity Supporting Evidence: PMID:20679214 Dorsal, DIF, and Relish are NF-kappaB-related transcription factors and function as obligate dimers PMID:20679214 The results show that all combinations of homo- and heterodimers are formed, but with varying degrees of efficiency. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:7479760 Interactions of a Rel protein with its inhibitor. | REMOVE | Summary: Dorsal binds its IkappaB inhibitor Cactus. Reason: Protein binding is uninformative. The Dorsal-Cactus complex is the canonical NF-kappaB/IkappaB retention complex; the binding is an inhibitory interaction received by Dorsal, better captured on Cactus (NF-kappaB binding). Supporting Evidence: PMID:7479760 Cactus blocks the DNA binding and nuclear localization functions of Dorsal |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:9367441 An activity-dependent network of interactions links the Rel ... | REMOVE | Summary: Dorsal binds Tube and Cactus (two-hybrid and co-IP). Reason: Protein binding is uninformative. These interactions place Dorsal in the Toll signalling complex (Tube/Pelle) and in the Cactus inhibitory complex, but they do not describe an activity of Dorsal that has a specific GO term. Supporting Evidence: PMID:9367441 We show that Dorsal binds specifically to Tube, Pelle and Cactus, and that the protein kinase activity of Pelle differentially regulates its interactions with Dorsal and Tube. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:9367441 An activity-dependent network of interactions links the Rel ... | REMOVE | Summary: Dorsal binds Tube and Cactus (two-hybrid and co-IP). Reason: Protein binding is uninformative. These interactions place Dorsal in the Toll signalling complex (Tube/Pelle) and in the Cactus inhibitory complex, but they do not describe an activity of Dorsal that has a specific GO term. Supporting Evidence: PMID:9367441 We show that Dorsal binds specifically to Tube, Pelle and Cactus, and that the protein kinase activity of Pelle differentially regulates its interactions with Dorsal and Tube. |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | EXP PMID:14638854 The Drosophila nucleoporin DNup88 localizes DNup214 and CRM1... | ACCEPT | Summary: Nuclear localization of Dorsal observed experimentally. Reason: Dorsal shuttles between cytoplasm and nucleus; signal-dependent nuclear accumulation, graded along the dorsoventral axis in the embryo and induced by infection in larval fat body, is essential for function. Nucleus is a core location. Supporting Evidence: PMID:14638854 We show that the nuclear accumulation of the Drosophila Rel protein Dorsal requires CRM1. |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | EXP PMID:2598266 Relocalization of the dorsal protein from the cytoplasm to t... | ACCEPT | Summary: Nuclear localization of Dorsal observed experimentally. Reason: Dorsal shuttles between cytoplasm and nucleus; signal-dependent nuclear accumulation, graded along the dorsoventral axis in the embryo and induced by infection in larval fat body, is essential for function. Nucleus is a core location. Supporting Evidence: PMID:2598266 After the nuclei migrate to the periphery of the embryo, a ventral-to-dorsal gradient of nuclear dorsal protein is established. PMID:2598266 My findings suggest that nuclear localization is critical for dorsal to function as a morphogen and that the distribution of the dorsal protein determines cell fate along the dorsal-ventral axis. |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: IBA nucleus (is_active_in). Reason: Dorsal shuttles between cytoplasm and nucleus; signal-dependent nuclear accumulation, graded along the dorsoventral axis in the embryo and induced by infection in larval fat body, is essential for function. Nucleus is a core location. Supporting Evidence: PMID:2598266 My findings suggest that nuclear localization is critical for dorsal to function as a morphogen and that the distribution of the dorsal protein determines cell fate along the dorsal-ventral axis. |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | IDA PMID:11943764 The Drosophila homolog of NTF-2, the nuclear transport facto... | ACCEPT | Summary: Nuclear localization of Dorsal observed experimentally. Reason: Dorsal shuttles between cytoplasm and nucleus; signal-dependent nuclear accumulation, graded along the dorsoventral axis in the embryo and induced by infection in larval fat body, is essential for function. Nucleus is a core location. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11943764 the three NF-kappaB/Rel proteins Dorsal, Dif and Relish do not target to the nucleus after infection |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | IDA PMID:12556495 Signal-induced transcriptional activation by Dif requires th... | ACCEPT | Summary: Nuclear localization from the dTRAP80/Mediator study (abstract describes Dif). Reason: Dorsal shuttles between cytoplasm and nucleus; signal-dependent nuclear accumulation, graded along the dorsoventral axis in the embryo and induced by infection in larval fat body, is essential for function. Nucleus is a core location. The abstract-only record centres on Dif; the Dorsal observation is presumably in the full text, and the location is not in doubt. Supporting Evidence: PMID:9510254 In response to infection, two Rel proteins, Dif and Dorsal, translocate from the cytoplasm to the nuclei of larval fat-body cells. |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | IDA PMID:14654000 A serpin regulates dorsal-ventral axis formation in the Dros... | ACCEPT | Summary: Nuclear localization of Dorsal observed experimentally. Reason: Dorsal shuttles between cytoplasm and nucleus; signal-dependent nuclear accumulation, graded along the dorsoventral axis in the embryo and induced by infection in larval fat body, is essential for function. Nucleus is a core location. Supporting Evidence: PMID:14654000 Female flies deficient in Serpin-27A produce embryos that lack dorsal-ventral polarity and show uniform high levels of Toll signaling. |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | IDA PMID:17032737 The nucleoporin Nup214 sequesters CRM1 at the nuclear rim an... | ACCEPT | Summary: Nuclear localization of Dorsal observed experimentally. Reason: Dorsal shuttles between cytoplasm and nucleus; signal-dependent nuclear accumulation, graded along the dorsoventral axis in the embryo and induced by infection in larval fat body, is essential for function. Nucleus is a core location. Supporting Evidence: PMID:17032737 we show that the NFkappaB transcription factor Dorsal is a substrate of CRM1 and requires the nucleoporin Nup214 for its nuclear translocation upon signaling. |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | IDA PMID:17295838 COP9 signalosome subunit 5 (CSN5/Jab1) regulates the develop... | ACCEPT | Summary: Nuclear localization of Dorsal observed experimentally. Reason: Dorsal shuttles between cytoplasm and nucleus; signal-dependent nuclear accumulation, graded along the dorsoventral axis in the embryo and induced by infection in larval fat body, is essential for function. Nucleus is a core location. Supporting Evidence: PMID:17295838 csn5(null) larvae accumulated high levels of Cactus that co-localizes with Dorsal to the nucleus. |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | IDA PMID:1794309 cactus, a maternal gene required for proper formation of the... | ACCEPT | Summary: Nuclear localization of Dorsal observed experimentally. Reason: Dorsal shuttles between cytoplasm and nucleus; signal-dependent nuclear accumulation, graded along the dorsoventral axis in the embryo and induced by infection in larval fat body, is essential for function. Nucleus is a core location. Supporting Evidence: PMID:1794309 The dorsoventral pattern of the Drosophila embryo is mediated by a gradient of nuclear localization of the dorsal protein which acts as a morphogen. |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | IDA PMID:22939625 Self-organized shuttling: generating sharp dorsoventral pola... | ACCEPT | Summary: Nuclear localization of Dorsal observed experimentally. Reason: Dorsal shuttles between cytoplasm and nucleus; signal-dependent nuclear accumulation, graded along the dorsoventral axis in the embryo and induced by infection in larval fat body, is essential for function. Nucleus is a core location. Supporting Evidence: PMID:22939625 focusing on early dorsoventral patterning of the Drosophila embryo, where an active ligand and its inhibitor are concomitantly generated in a broad ventral domain. |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | IDA PMID:33555648 Deltex positively regulates Toll signaling in a JNK independ... | ACCEPT | Summary: Nuclear localization of Dorsal observed experimentally. Reason: Dorsal shuttles between cytoplasm and nucleus; signal-dependent nuclear accumulation, graded along the dorsoventral axis in the embryo and induced by infection in larval fat body, is essential for function. Nucleus is a core location. Supporting Evidence: PMID:33555648 Our results also reveal the nuclear accumulation of transcription factors Dorsal and Dif and expression of Toll-associated antimicrobial peptides (AMP) in Dx over-expression background. |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | IDA PMID:8227123 Dissociation of the dorsal-cactus complex and phosphorylatio... | ACCEPT | Summary: Nuclear localization of Dorsal observed experimentally. Reason: Dorsal shuttles between cytoplasm and nucleus; signal-dependent nuclear accumulation, graded along the dorsoventral axis in the embryo and induced by infection in larval fat body, is essential for function. Nucleus is a core location. Supporting Evidence: PMID:8227123 The dorsal-cactus complex dissociates when dorsal is targeted to the nucleus. |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | IDA PMID:8846922 Functional interactions between the pelle kinase, Toll recep... | ACCEPT | Summary: Nuclear localization of Dorsal observed experimentally. Reason: Dorsal shuttles between cytoplasm and nucleus; signal-dependent nuclear accumulation, graded along the dorsoventral axis in the embryo and induced by infection in larval fat body, is essential for function. Nucleus is a core location. Supporting Evidence: PMID:8846922 Coexpression of pll with dl enhanced dl nuclear localization and resulted in a modest increase in transcriptional activity. |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | IDA PMID:9025065 A gradient of cytoplasmic Cactus degradation establishes the... | ACCEPT | Summary: Nuclear localization of Dorsal observed experimentally. Reason: Dorsal shuttles between cytoplasm and nucleus; signal-dependent nuclear accumulation, graded along the dorsoventral axis in the embryo and induced by infection in larval fat body, is essential for function. Nucleus is a core location. Supporting Evidence: PMID:9025065 In response to the signal produced and transmitted by the products of the other genes, Dorsal translocates to the nucleus preferentially on the ventral side of the embryo. |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | IDA PMID:9510254 Regulated nuclear import of Rel proteins in the Drosophila i... | ACCEPT | Summary: Nuclear localization of Dorsal observed experimentally. Reason: Dorsal shuttles between cytoplasm and nucleus; signal-dependent nuclear accumulation, graded along the dorsoventral axis in the embryo and induced by infection in larval fat body, is essential for function. Nucleus is a core location. Supporting Evidence: PMID:9510254 In response to infection, two Rel proteins, Dif and Dorsal, translocate from the cytoplasm to the nuclei of larval fat-body cells. |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | IEA GO_REF:0000044 | ACCEPT | Summary: UniProt subcellular location mapping to nucleus. Reason: Dorsal shuttles between cytoplasm and nucleus; signal-dependent nuclear accumulation, graded along the dorsoventral axis in the embryo and induced by infection in larval fat body, is essential for function. Nucleus is a core location. Supporting Evidence: PMID:2598266 After the nuclei migrate to the periphery of the embryo, a ventral-to-dorsal gradient of nuclear dorsal protein is established. |
| GO:0005654 nucleoplasm | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | ACCEPT | Summary: ARBA nucleoplasm. Reason: Consistent with nuclear, chromatin-associated function of a transcription factor. Supporting Evidence: PMID:2598266 After the nuclei migrate to the periphery of the embryo, a ventral-to-dorsal gradient of nuclear dorsal protein is established. |
| GO:0005654 nucleoplasm | TAS Reactome:R-DME-209218 | ACCEPT | Summary: Reactome: phosphorylated DL/DIF dimer activates transcription (nucleoplasm). Reason: Consistent with nuclear function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:2598266 After the nuclei migrate to the periphery of the embryo, a ventral-to-dorsal gradient of nuclear dorsal protein is established. |
| GO:0005654 nucleoplasm | TAS Reactome:R-DME-209295 | ACCEPT | Summary: Reactome: DL/DIF dimer translocation to nucleus. Reason: Consistent with nuclear function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:9025065 In response to the signal produced and transmitted by the products of the other genes, Dorsal translocates to the nucleus preferentially on the ventral side of the embryo. |
| GO:0005737 cytoplasm | EXP PMID:14638854 The Drosophila nucleoporin DNup88 localizes DNup214 and CRM1... | ACCEPT | Summary: Cytoplasmic localization of Dorsal observed experimentally. Reason: In the absence of signal Dorsal is retained in the cytoplasm in a complex with Cactus; cytoplasmic retention is a key regulatory state. Correct location. Supporting Evidence: PMID:14638854 We show that the nuclear accumulation of the Drosophila Rel protein Dorsal requires CRM1. |
| GO:0005737 cytoplasm | EXP PMID:2598266 Relocalization of the dorsal protein from the cytoplasm to t... | ACCEPT | Summary: Cytoplasmic localization of Dorsal observed experimentally. Reason: In the absence of signal Dorsal is retained in the cytoplasm in a complex with Cactus; cytoplasmic retention is a key regulatory state. Correct location. Supporting Evidence: PMID:2598266 In wild-type embryos, the dorsal protein is found in the cytoplasm during cleavage. |
| GO:0005737 cytoplasm | IDA PMID:11943764 The Drosophila homolog of NTF-2, the nuclear transport facto... | ACCEPT | Summary: Cytoplasmic localization of Dorsal observed experimentally. Reason: In the absence of signal Dorsal is retained in the cytoplasm in a complex with Cactus; cytoplasmic retention is a key regulatory state. Correct location. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11943764 the three NF-kappaB/Rel proteins Dorsal, Dif and Relish do not target to the nucleus after infection |
| GO:0005737 cytoplasm | IDA PMID:17032737 The nucleoporin Nup214 sequesters CRM1 at the nuclear rim an... | ACCEPT | Summary: Cytoplasmic localization of Dorsal observed experimentally. Reason: In the absence of signal Dorsal is retained in the cytoplasm in a complex with Cactus; cytoplasmic retention is a key regulatory state. Correct location. Supporting Evidence: PMID:17032737 overexpression of the Nup214-Nup88 complex trapped CRM1 and Dorsal to cytoplasmic foci and inhibited protein export and immune response activation. |
| GO:0005737 cytoplasm | IDA PMID:17295838 COP9 signalosome subunit 5 (CSN5/Jab1) regulates the develop... | ACCEPT | Summary: Cytoplasmic localization of Dorsal observed experimentally. Reason: In the absence of signal Dorsal is retained in the cytoplasm in a complex with Cactus; cytoplasmic retention is a key regulatory state. Correct location. Supporting Evidence: PMID:17295838 csn5(null) larvae accumulated high levels of Cactus that co-localizes with Dorsal to the nucleus. |
| GO:0005737 cytoplasm | IDA PMID:9510254 Regulated nuclear import of Rel proteins in the Drosophila i... | ACCEPT | Summary: Cytoplasmic localization of Dorsal observed experimentally. Reason: In the absence of signal Dorsal is retained in the cytoplasm in a complex with Cactus; cytoplasmic retention is a key regulatory state. Correct location. Supporting Evidence: PMID:9510254 Cytoplasmic retention of both Dorsal and Dif depends on Cactus protein |
| GO:0005737 cytoplasm | IEA GO_REF:0000120 | ACCEPT | Summary: Combined IEA cytoplasm. Reason: In the absence of signal Dorsal is retained in the cytoplasm in a complex with Cactus; cytoplasmic retention is a key regulatory state. Correct location. Supporting Evidence: PMID:9025065 As in the case for I kappa B and NF-kappa B, Cactus inhibits Dorsal by retaining it in the cytoplasm. |
| GO:0005829 cytosol | IDA PMID:1794309 cactus, a maternal gene required for proper formation of the... | ACCEPT | Summary: Cytoplasmic (cytosolic) Dorsal in unstimulated cells or dorsal regions of the embryo. Reason: In the absence of signal Dorsal is retained in the cytoplasm in a complex with Cactus; cytoplasmic retention is a key regulatory state. Correct location. The soluble Dorsal-Cactus complex is cytosolic. Supporting Evidence: PMID:1794309 the maternal gene cactus acts as a negative regulator of the nuclear localization of the dorsal protein. |
| GO:0005829 cytosol | IDA PMID:33555648 Deltex positively regulates Toll signaling in a JNK independ... | ACCEPT | Summary: Cytoplasmic (cytosolic) Dorsal in unstimulated cells or dorsal regions of the embryo. Reason: In the absence of signal Dorsal is retained in the cytoplasm in a complex with Cactus; cytoplasmic retention is a key regulatory state. Correct location. The soluble Dorsal-Cactus complex is cytosolic. Supporting Evidence: PMID:33555648 Our results also reveal the nuclear accumulation of transcription factors Dorsal and Dif and expression of Toll-associated antimicrobial peptides (AMP) in Dx over-expression background. |
| GO:0005829 cytosol | IDA PMID:8227123 Dissociation of the dorsal-cactus complex and phosphorylatio... | ACCEPT | Summary: Cytoplasmic (cytosolic) Dorsal in unstimulated cells or dorsal regions of the embryo. Reason: In the absence of signal Dorsal is retained in the cytoplasm in a complex with Cactus; cytoplasmic retention is a key regulatory state. Correct location. The soluble Dorsal-Cactus complex is cytosolic. Supporting Evidence: PMID:8227123 We show that dorsal and cactus are both phosphoproteins that form a stable cytoplasmic complex, and that the cactus protein is stabilized by its interaction with dorsal. |
| GO:0005829 cytosol | IDA PMID:8846922 Functional interactions between the pelle kinase, Toll recep... | ACCEPT | Summary: Cytoplasmic (cytosolic) Dorsal in unstimulated cells or dorsal regions of the embryo. Reason: In the absence of signal Dorsal is retained in the cytoplasm in a complex with Cactus; cytoplasmic retention is a key regulatory state. Correct location. The soluble Dorsal-Cactus complex is cytosolic. Supporting Evidence: PMID:8846922 Coexpression of pll with dl enhanced dl nuclear localization and resulted in a modest increase in transcriptional activity. |
| GO:0005829 cytosol | TAS Reactome:R-DME-209295 | ACCEPT | Summary: Reactome Toll-pathway reaction placing the DL dimer (with Cactus/Tube/Pelle) in the cytosol. Reason: In the absence of signal Dorsal is retained in the cytoplasm in a complex with Cactus; cytoplasmic retention is a key regulatory state. Correct location. Supporting Evidence: PMID:8227123 We show that dorsal and cactus are both phosphoproteins that form a stable cytoplasmic complex, and that the cactus protein is stabilized by its interaction with dorsal. |
| GO:0005829 cytosol | TAS Reactome:R-DME-214845 | ACCEPT | Summary: Reactome Toll-pathway reaction placing the DL dimer (with Cactus/Tube/Pelle) in the cytosol. Reason: In the absence of signal Dorsal is retained in the cytoplasm in a complex with Cactus; cytoplasmic retention is a key regulatory state. Correct location. Supporting Evidence: PMID:8227123 We show that dorsal and cactus are both phosphoproteins that form a stable cytoplasmic complex, and that the cactus protein is stabilized by its interaction with dorsal. |
| GO:0005829 cytosol | TAS Reactome:R-DME-214847 | ACCEPT | Summary: Reactome Toll-pathway reaction placing the DL dimer (with Cactus/Tube/Pelle) in the cytosol. Reason: In the absence of signal Dorsal is retained in the cytoplasm in a complex with Cactus; cytoplasmic retention is a key regulatory state. Correct location. Supporting Evidence: PMID:8227123 We show that dorsal and cactus are both phosphoproteins that form a stable cytoplasmic complex, and that the cactus protein is stabilized by its interaction with dorsal. |
| GO:0005829 cytosol | TAS Reactome:R-DME-214857 | ACCEPT | Summary: Reactome Toll-pathway reaction placing the DL dimer (with Cactus/Tube/Pelle) in the cytosol. Reason: In the absence of signal Dorsal is retained in the cytoplasm in a complex with Cactus; cytoplasmic retention is a key regulatory state. Correct location. Supporting Evidence: PMID:8227123 We show that dorsal and cactus are both phosphoproteins that form a stable cytoplasmic complex, and that the cactus protein is stabilized by its interaction with dorsal. |
| GO:0005829 cytosol | TAS Reactome:R-DME-214860 | ACCEPT | Summary: Reactome Toll-pathway reaction placing the DL dimer (with Cactus/Tube/Pelle) in the cytosol. Reason: In the absence of signal Dorsal is retained in the cytoplasm in a complex with Cactus; cytoplasmic retention is a key regulatory state. Correct location. Supporting Evidence: PMID:8227123 We show that dorsal and cactus are both phosphoproteins that form a stable cytoplasmic complex, and that the cactus protein is stabilized by its interaction with dorsal. |
| GO:0005829 cytosol | TAS Reactome:R-DME-214864 | ACCEPT | Summary: Reactome Toll-pathway reaction placing the DL dimer (with Cactus/Tube/Pelle) in the cytosol. Reason: In the absence of signal Dorsal is retained in the cytoplasm in a complex with Cactus; cytoplasmic retention is a key regulatory state. Correct location. Supporting Evidence: PMID:8227123 We show that dorsal and cactus are both phosphoproteins that form a stable cytoplasmic complex, and that the cactus protein is stabilized by its interaction with dorsal. |
| GO:0005829 cytosol | TAS Reactome:R-DME-214871 | ACCEPT | Summary: Reactome Toll-pathway reaction placing the DL dimer (with Cactus/Tube/Pelle) in the cytosol. Reason: In the absence of signal Dorsal is retained in the cytoplasm in a complex with Cactus; cytoplasmic retention is a key regulatory state. Correct location. Supporting Evidence: PMID:8227123 We show that dorsal and cactus are both phosphoproteins that form a stable cytoplasmic complex, and that the cactus protein is stabilized by its interaction with dorsal. |
| GO:0005829 cytosol | TAS Reactome:R-DME-214880 | ACCEPT | Summary: Reactome Toll-pathway reaction placing the DL dimer (with Cactus/Tube/Pelle) in the cytosol. Reason: In the absence of signal Dorsal is retained in the cytoplasm in a complex with Cactus; cytoplasmic retention is a key regulatory state. Correct location. Supporting Evidence: PMID:8227123 We show that dorsal and cactus are both phosphoproteins that form a stable cytoplasmic complex, and that the cactus protein is stabilized by its interaction with dorsal. |
| GO:0006355 regulation of DNA-templated transcription | IEA GO_REF:0000002 | ACCEPT | Summary: InterPro-based regulation of DNA-templated transcription. Reason: Correct but general; more specific terms (GO:0045944) are also annotated. Supporting Evidence: PMID:1648449 by transient cotransfection assays, we show that the dorsal protein specifically activates expression from the twist promoter. |
| GO:0006955 immune response | IEP PMID:7859742 Functional analysis and regulation of nuclear import of dors... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Dorsal expression and nuclear translocation are induced by injury (IEP). Reason: Dorsal participates in the larval immune response, but "immune response" is a broad parent of the innate immune response term, and IEP (expression change) is weak evidence for participation. Retained as non-core. Supporting Evidence: PMID:7859742 Injury also leads to a rapid nuclear translocation of dl from the cytoplasm in fat body cells. |
| GO:0006955 immune response | IMP PMID:17032737 The nucleoporin Nup214 sequesters CRM1 at the nuclear rim an... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Nup214-dependent nuclear import of Dorsal is needed for immune response activation. Reason: Broad term; innate immune response is the more precise parent-level term and is also annotated. Supporting Evidence: PMID:17032737 overexpression of the Nup214-Nup88 complex trapped CRM1 and Dorsal to cytoplasmic foci and inhibited protein export and immune response activation. |
| GO:0007249 canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: IBA canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction. Reason: GO:0007249 is defined as the IKK-dependent NF-kappaB cascade. Dorsal is released by signal-dependent degradation of its IkappaB, Cactus, which is the conserved core of that cassette; however, in the Drosophila Toll branch Cactus degradation does not require the fly IKKbeta homologue ird5, which is dedicated to Relish/Imd signalling. The annotation is broadly homologous but the IKK clause of the definition is not met; Toll signaling pathway (GO:0008063) is the accurate process term. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11156609 ird5/DmIkk Ξ² homozygous mutant females are fertile, demonstrating that this gene is not required for degradation of Cactus during dorsal-ventral patterning in the embryo. PMID:9025065 As in the case for I kappa B and NF-kappa B, Cactus inhibits Dorsal by retaining it in the cytoplasm. |
| GO:0007249 canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction | IDA PMID:7479760 Interactions of a Rel protein with its inhibitor. | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Cactus-Dorsal inhibitory interaction reconstituted in yeast. Reason: GO:0007249 is defined as the IKK-dependent NF-kappaB cascade. Dorsal is released by signal-dependent degradation of its IkappaB, Cactus, which is the conserved core of that cassette; however, in the Drosophila Toll branch Cactus degradation does not require the fly IKKbeta homologue ird5, which is dedicated to Relish/Imd signalling. The annotation is broadly homologous but the IKK clause of the definition is not met; Toll signaling pathway (GO:0008063) is the accurate process term. Supporting Evidence: PMID:7479760 Cactus blocks the DNA binding and nuclear localization functions of Dorsal PMID:11156609 ird5/DmIkk Ξ² homozygous mutant females are fertile, demonstrating that this gene is not required for degradation of Cactus during dorsal-ventral patterning in the embryo. |
| GO:0007249 canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: ARBA canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction. Reason: GO:0007249 is defined as the IKK-dependent NF-kappaB cascade. Dorsal is released by signal-dependent degradation of its IkappaB, Cactus, which is the conserved core of that cassette; however, in the Drosophila Toll branch Cactus degradation does not require the fly IKKbeta homologue ird5, which is dedicated to Relish/Imd signalling. The annotation is broadly homologous but the IKK clause of the definition is not met; Toll signaling pathway (GO:0008063) is the accurate process term. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11156609 ird5/DmIkk Ξ² homozygous mutant females are fertile, demonstrating that this gene is not required for degradation of Cactus during dorsal-ventral patterning in the embryo. |
| GO:0008063 Toll signaling pathway | IDA PMID:34576280 LncRNA-CR11538 Decoys Dif/Dorsal to Reduce Antimicrobial Pep... | ACCEPT | Summary: Dorsal acts downstream of Toll. Reason: Dorsal is a terminal transcription factor of the Drosophila Toll pathway (Spaetzle-Toll-Myd88/Tube-Pelle-Cactus-Dorsal/Dif), both in maternal dorsoventral patterning and in the larval immune response. Toll signaling pathway (GO:0008063) is the correct, Drosophila-specific pathway term; it is distinct from vertebrate TLR pattern-recognition signalling (GO:0002224). Supporting Evidence: PMID:34576280 lncRNA-CR11538 can decoy Dif/Dorsal away from the promoters of Drs and Mtk to repress their transcriptions by ChIP-qPCR and dual luciferase report experiments. |
| GO:0008063 Toll signaling pathway | IDA PMID:35379744 Interaction of lncRNA-CR33942 with Dif/Dorsal Facilitates An... | ACCEPT | Summary: Dorsal acts downstream of Toll. Reason: Dorsal is a terminal transcription factor of the Drosophila Toll pathway (Spaetzle-Toll-Myd88/Tube-Pelle-Cactus-Dorsal/Dif), both in maternal dorsoventral patterning and in the larval immune response. Toll signaling pathway (GO:0008063) is the correct, Drosophila-specific pathway term; it is distinct from vertebrate TLR pattern-recognition signalling (GO:0002224). Supporting Evidence: PMID:35379744 lncRNA-CR33942 interacts with the NF-ΞΊB transcription factors Dorsal-related immunity factor/Dorsal to promote the transcriptions of antimicrobial peptides drosomycin and metchnikowin |
| GO:0008063 Toll signaling pathway | IDA PMID:36516751 A Toll-dependent Bre1/Rad6-cact feedback loop in controlling... | ACCEPT | Summary: Dorsal acts downstream of Toll. Reason: Dorsal is a terminal transcription factor of the Drosophila Toll pathway (Spaetzle-Toll-Myd88/Tube-Pelle-Cactus-Dorsal/Dif), both in maternal dorsoventral patterning and in the larval immune response. Toll signaling pathway (GO:0008063) is the correct, Drosophila-specific pathway term; it is distinct from vertebrate TLR pattern-recognition signalling (GO:0002224). Supporting Evidence: PMID:36516751 dorsal, one of the transcription factors of the fly Toll pathway, can induce the expression of the E3 ligase Bre1 |
| GO:0008063 Toll signaling pathway | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | ACCEPT | Summary: ARBA Toll signaling pathway. Reason: Dorsal is a terminal transcription factor of the Drosophila Toll pathway (Spaetzle-Toll-Myd88/Tube-Pelle-Cactus-Dorsal/Dif), both in maternal dorsoventral patterning and in the larval immune response. Toll signaling pathway (GO:0008063) is the correct, Drosophila-specific pathway term; it is distinct from vertebrate TLR pattern-recognition signalling (GO:0002224). Supporting Evidence: PMID:9367441 free Dorsal translocates into nuclei and directs expression of ventral fates. |
| GO:0008063 Toll signaling pathway | IGI PMID:14654000 A serpin regulates dorsal-ventral axis formation in the Dros... | ACCEPT | Summary: Dorsal acts downstream of Toll. Reason: Dorsal is a terminal transcription factor of the Drosophila Toll pathway (Spaetzle-Toll-Myd88/Tube-Pelle-Cactus-Dorsal/Dif), both in maternal dorsoventral patterning and in the larval immune response. Toll signaling pathway (GO:0008063) is the correct, Drosophila-specific pathway term; it is distinct from vertebrate TLR pattern-recognition signalling (GO:0002224). Supporting Evidence: PMID:14654000 Female flies deficient in Serpin-27A produce embryos that lack dorsal-ventral polarity and show uniform high levels of Toll signaling. |
| GO:0008063 Toll signaling pathway | IGI PMID:3931918 Establishment of dorsal-ventral polarity in the Drosophila e... | ACCEPT | Summary: Dorsal acts downstream of Toll. Reason: Dorsal is a terminal transcription factor of the Drosophila Toll pathway (Spaetzle-Toll-Myd88/Tube-Pelle-Cactus-Dorsal/Dif), both in maternal dorsoventral patterning and in the larval immune response. Toll signaling pathway (GO:0008063) is the correct, Drosophila-specific pathway term; it is distinct from vertebrate TLR pattern-recognition signalling (GO:0002224). Supporting Evidence: PMID:3931918 Lack of function alleles produce dorsalized embryos as a recessive maternal effect. |
| GO:0008063 Toll signaling pathway | IGI PMID:8846922 Functional interactions between the pelle kinase, Toll recep... | ACCEPT | Summary: Dorsal acts downstream of Toll. Reason: Dorsal is a terminal transcription factor of the Drosophila Toll pathway (Spaetzle-Toll-Myd88/Tube-Pelle-Cactus-Dorsal/Dif), both in maternal dorsoventral patterning and in the larval immune response. Toll signaling pathway (GO:0008063) is the correct, Drosophila-specific pathway term; it is distinct from vertebrate TLR pattern-recognition signalling (GO:0002224). Supporting Evidence: PMID:8846922 Coexpression of pll with dl enhanced dl nuclear localization and resulted in a modest increase in transcriptional activity. |
| GO:0008063 Toll signaling pathway | IMP PMID:10369678 A mosaic analysis in Drosophila fat body cells of the contro... | ACCEPT | Summary: Dorsal acts downstream of Toll. Reason: Dorsal is a terminal transcription factor of the Drosophila Toll pathway (Spaetzle-Toll-Myd88/Tube-Pelle-Cactus-Dorsal/Dif), both in maternal dorsoventral patterning and in the larval immune response. Toll signaling pathway (GO:0008063) is the correct, Drosophila-specific pathway term; it is distinct from vertebrate TLR pattern-recognition signalling (GO:0002224). Supporting Evidence: PMID:10369678 in the absence of both genes, the immune-inducibility of drosomycin is lost but can be rescued by overexpression of either dorsal or dif under the control of a heat-shock promoter. |
| GO:0008063 Toll signaling pathway | IMP PMID:9025065 A gradient of cytoplasmic Cactus degradation establishes the... | ACCEPT | Summary: Dorsal acts downstream of Toll. Reason: Dorsal is a terminal transcription factor of the Drosophila Toll pathway (Spaetzle-Toll-Myd88/Tube-Pelle-Cactus-Dorsal/Dif), both in maternal dorsoventral patterning and in the larval immune response. Toll signaling pathway (GO:0008063) is the correct, Drosophila-specific pathway term; it is distinct from vertebrate TLR pattern-recognition signalling (GO:0002224). Supporting Evidence: PMID:9025065 In response to the signal produced and transmitted by the products of the other genes, Dorsal translocates to the nucleus preferentially on the ventral side of the embryo. |
| GO:0009950 dorsal/ventral axis specification | IGI PMID:14654000 A serpin regulates dorsal-ventral axis formation in the Dros... | ACCEPT | Summary: Dorsoventral axis specification downstream of the Toll protease cascade (serpin Spn27A genetics). Reason: The nuclear Dorsal gradient is the maternal morphogen that specifies dorsoventral cell fates in the blastoderm embryo; this is the defining developmental role of dl. Supporting Evidence: PMID:14654000 Female flies deficient in Serpin-27A produce embryos that lack dorsal-ventral polarity and show uniform high levels of Toll signaling. PMID:2598266 My findings suggest that nuclear localization is critical for dorsal to function as a morphogen and that the distribution of the dorsal protein determines cell fate along the dorsal-ventral axis. |
| GO:0009950 dorsal/ventral axis specification | IGI PMID:3931918 Establishment of dorsal-ventral polarity in the Drosophila e... | ACCEPT | Summary: Genetic interactions between Toll and dorsal-group genes in D/V polarity. Reason: The nuclear Dorsal gradient is the maternal morphogen that specifies dorsoventral cell fates in the blastoderm embryo; this is the defining developmental role of dl. Supporting Evidence: PMID:3931918 Lack of function alleles produce dorsalized embryos as a recessive maternal effect. PMID:2598266 My findings suggest that nuclear localization is critical for dorsal to function as a morphogen and that the distribution of the dorsal protein determines cell fate along the dorsal-ventral axis. |
| GO:0009953 dorsal/ventral pattern formation | IDA PMID:30982648 The Drosophila Pioneer Factor Zelda Modulates the Nuclear Mi... | ACCEPT | Summary: Dorsal gradient determines the D/V axis; sog activation. Reason: The nuclear Dorsal gradient is the maternal morphogen that specifies dorsoventral cell fates in the blastoderm embryo; this is the defining developmental role of dl. Supporting Evidence: PMID:30982648 The dorsal-ventral axis of the Drosophila embryo is determined by the graded distribution of Dorsal (Dl), a homolog of the nuclear factor ΞΊB (NF-ΞΊB) family of transcriptional activators found in humans |
| GO:0009953 dorsal/ventral pattern formation | IMP PMID:9025065 A gradient of cytoplasmic Cactus degradation establishes the... | ACCEPT | Summary: Cactus degradation gradient establishes the nuclear Dorsal gradient. Reason: The nuclear Dorsal gradient is the maternal morphogen that specifies dorsoventral cell fates in the blastoderm embryo; this is the defining developmental role of dl. Supporting Evidence: PMID:9025065 In response to the signal produced and transmitted by the products of the other genes, Dorsal translocates to the nucleus preferentially on the ventral side of the embryo. |
| GO:0031594 neuromuscular junction | IDA PMID:10192771 Muscle structure and innervation are affected by loss of Dor... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Dorsal and Cactus concentrate at the postsynaptic NMJ. Reason: Larval body-wall muscle expresses the Dorsal B isoform (intron retention), which accumulates postsynaptically at the neuromuscular junction/subsynaptic reticulum with Cactus and does not translocate to nuclei. The location is well supported but is an isoform-specific, non-transcriptional role distinct from the core function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10192771 In larvae and adults, these proteins are distributed at low levels in the cytoplasm and nuclei and at much higher levels in the postsynaptic component of glutamatergic neuromuscular junctions. |
| GO:0031594 neuromuscular junction | IDA PMID:12532402 Synaptic activity modifies the levels of Dorsal and Cactus a... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Dorsal and Cactus accumulate at the NMJ and respond to synaptic activity. Reason: Larval body-wall muscle expresses the Dorsal B isoform (intron retention), which accumulates postsynaptically at the neuromuscular junction/subsynaptic reticulum with Cactus and does not translocate to nuclei. The location is well supported but is an isoform-specific, non-transcriptional role distinct from the core function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:12532402 this protein and Cactus accumulates in the neuromuscular junctions in the muscle of both larvae and adults. |
| GO:0031594 neuromuscular junction | IDA PMID:26167685 Alternative NF-ΞΊB Isoforms in the Drosophila Neuromuscular J... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Dorsal B isoform at the larval NMJ. Reason: Larval body-wall muscle expresses the Dorsal B isoform (intron retention), which accumulates postsynaptically at the neuromuscular junction/subsynaptic reticulum with Cactus and does not translocate to nuclei. The location is well supported but is an isoform-specific, non-transcriptional role distinct from the core function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:26167685 we demonstrate that larval muscle expresses only the B isoform of Dorsal, which arises by intron retention. PMID:26167685 Dorsal B interacts with and stabilizes Cactus at the neuromuscular junction, but exhibits Cactus independent localization and an absence of detectable nuclear translocation. |
| GO:0034097 response to cytokine | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: IBA response to cytokine. Reason: Dorsal acts downstream of the cytokine Spaetzle, so the term is formally true, but it is vague; Toll signaling pathway captures the role precisely. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10369678 in the absence of both genes, the immune-inducibility of drosomycin is lost but can be rescued by overexpression of either dorsal or dif under the control of a heat-shock promoter. |
| GO:0035006 melanization defense response | IMP PMID:15211580 Hemolymph-dependent and -independent responses in Drosophila... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: dl mutant larvae have much lower phenoloxidase activity. Reason: Supported by a mutant phenotype, but Dorsal likely acts indirectly as a transcriptional regulator; peripheral to its core function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:15211580 We further show that Dorsal mutant larvae have much lower phenoloxidase activity, consistent with a more important role of Dorsal in innate immunity than previously shown. |
| GO:0035206 regulation of hemocyte proliferation | IDA PMID:17060622 Rel/NF-kappaB double mutants reveal that cellular immunity i... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Dorsal/Dif control blood cell number in the hemocyte lineage. Reason: Dorsal and Dif act in the hemocyte lineage to promote blood cell number and proliferation; Dorsal also drives prohemocyte differentiation by repressing u-shaped. Supported, but a secondary role mediated through transcriptional control. Supporting Evidence: PMID:17060622 mutants that lack the Drosophila Rel/NF-kappaB proteins Dorsal and Dif have very few blood cells PMID:17060622 Dif and Dorsal also act in blood cells to promote proliferation. |
| GO:0035206 regulation of hemocyte proliferation | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: ARBA regulation of hemocyte proliferation. Reason: Dorsal and Dif act in the hemocyte lineage to promote blood cell number and proliferation; Dorsal also drives prohemocyte differentiation by repressing u-shaped. Supported, but a secondary role mediated through transcriptional control. Supporting Evidence: PMID:17060622 Dif and Dorsal also act in blood cells to promote proliferation. |
| GO:0035208 positive regulation of hemocyte proliferation | IMP PMID:15882582 The lesswright mutation activates Rel-related proteins, lead... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: dl is a suppressor of lwr-induced hemocyte overproduction. Reason: Dorsal and Dif act in the hemocyte lineage to promote blood cell number and proliferation; Dorsal also drives prohemocyte differentiation by repressing u-shaped. Supported, but a secondary role mediated through transcriptional control. Supporting Evidence: PMID:15882582 dl primarily stimulates plasmatocyte production, but Dif controls both plasmatocyte and lamellocyte production. |
| GO:0038061 non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | REMOVE | Summary: IBA non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction. Reason: GO:0038061 is defined by NIK/IKKalpha-dependent processing of p100 to p52. Dorsal is a class II Rel protein with no C-terminal ankyrin-repeat precursor domain to be processed, it is released from Cactus rather than generated by processing, and its activation in the Toll branch does not even need the fly IKK (ird5). The term is propagated from vertebrate RelB/NFKB2 and does not apply to Dorsal. Propagation Review Root cause: PROPAGATION BAD Failure modes: LINEAGE OR TAXON MISMATCH FUNCTIONAL DIVERGENCE Sources checked: PANTHER:PTN000652441 Β· PTN000652441 SUPPORTS SOURCE BUT NOT TARGET The node carries the NIK/p100-processing pathway supported by vertebrate Rel members; Dorsal is released from the IkappaB Cactus rather than generated by precursor processing, and its Toll-branch activation does not require the fly IKKbeta ird5. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11156609 ird5/DmIkk Ξ² homozygous mutant females are fertile, demonstrating that this gene is not required for degradation of Cactus during dorsal-ventral patterning in the embryo. PMID:9025065 As in the case for I kappa B and NF-kappa B, Cactus inhibits Dorsal by retaining it in the cytoplasm. |
| GO:0042802 identical protein binding | IPI PMID:20679214 Heterodimers of NF-kappaB transcription factors DIF and Reli... | MODIFY | Summary: Dorsal homodimerizes. Reason: Dorsal functions as an obligate dimer; protein homodimerization activity is more informative than identical protein binding. Proposed replacements: protein homodimerization activity Supporting Evidence: PMID:20679214 Dorsal, DIF, and Relish are NF-kappaB-related transcription factors and function as obligate dimers PMID:20679214 The results show that all combinations of homo- and heterodimers are formed, but with varying degrees of efficiency. |
| GO:0042802 identical protein binding | IPI PMID:9367441 An activity-dependent network of interactions links the Rel ... | MODIFY | Summary: Dorsal self-association in two-hybrid assays. Reason: Self-association reflects Rel-family dimerization; protein homodimerization activity is more informative. Proposed replacements: protein homodimerization activity Supporting Evidence: PMID:20679214 Dorsal, DIF, and Relish are NF-kappaB-related transcription factors and function as obligate dimers |
| GO:0043565 sequence-specific DNA binding | IDA PMID:12748300 CtBP-independent repression in the Drosophila embryo. | ACCEPT | Summary: Sequence-specific DNA binding in a study of enhancer repression mechanisms in the embryo. Reason: The cached abstract for PMID:12748300 does not name Dorsal (it is abstract-only), but it examines enhancers with activator sites; Dorsal sequence-specific binding is independently well established, so the curator is deferred to. Supporting Evidence: PMID:1988156 Here we show that dl is a DNA-binding protein that specifically interacts with distal sequences of the zerknΓΌllt (zen) promoter, one of the genetic targets of the morphogen. PMID:1648449 We demonstrate that dorsal is a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein that recognizes a motif similar to that recognized by the mammalian transcriptional activator NF-kappa B. |
| GO:0043565 sequence-specific DNA binding | IDA PMID:17785540 Functional conservation of Rel binding sites in drosophilid ... | ACCEPT | Summary: Protein-binding-microarray profiling of Dorsal, Dif and Relish affinities for 10,368 kappaB site variants. Reason: Direct quantitative evidence of sequence-specific DNA binding by Dorsal. Supporting Evidence: PMID:17785540 We employ our recently developed microarray-based experimental platform and principal coordinates statistical analysis to quantitatively and systematically profile DNA binding affinities of three Drosophila Rel proteins to 10,368 variants of the NFKB recognition sequences. |
| GO:0045087 innate immune response | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: IBA innate immune response. Reason: Dorsal contributes to larval humoral (drosomycin induction, redundantly with Dif) and cellular (hemocyte number) innate immunity. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10369678 in the absence of both genes, the immune-inducibility of drosomycin is lost but can be rescued by overexpression of either dorsal or dif under the control of a heat-shock promoter. PMID:17060622 Specific expression of Dif or dorsal in the blood cell lineage is sufficient to restore blood cell number, clear microbes, and allow survival to the adult stage. |
| GO:0045087 innate immune response | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | ACCEPT | Summary: ARBA innate immune response. Reason: Dorsal contributes to larval humoral and cellular innate immunity. Supporting Evidence: PMID:17060622 Specific expression of Dif or dorsal in the blood cell lineage is sufficient to restore blood cell number, clear microbes, and allow survival to the adult stage. |
| GO:0045612 positive regulation of hemocyte differentiation | IMP PMID:27163255 The Friend of GATA Transcriptional Co-Regulator, U-Shaped, I... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Dorsal drives prohemocyte differentiation by repressing Ush. Reason: Dorsal and Dif act in the hemocyte lineage to promote blood cell number and proliferation; Dorsal also drives prohemocyte differentiation by repressing u-shaped. Supported, but a secondary role mediated through transcriptional control. Supporting Evidence: PMID:27163255 We showed that Dorsal is required to limit the size of the progenitor pool. PMID:27163255 We showed that Dorsal repressed Ush expression levels to promote differentiation |
| GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: IBA positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Reason: Dorsal activates RNA polymerase II transcription of zygotic patterning genes and of Toll-pathway immune targets. Core process. Supporting Evidence: PMID:1648449 by transient cotransfection assays, we show that the dorsal protein specifically activates expression from the twist promoter. |
| GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | IDA PMID:12748300 CtBP-independent repression in the Drosophila embryo. | ACCEPT | Summary: Dorsal-dependent enhancer activation in the embryo. Reason: Dorsal activates RNA polymerase II transcription of zygotic patterning genes and of Toll-pathway immune targets. Core process. The cached abstract is not specific to Dorsal; deferred to the curator. Supporting Evidence: PMID:1648449 by transient cotransfection assays, we show that the dorsal protein specifically activates expression from the twist promoter. |
| GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | IDA PMID:34576280 LncRNA-CR11538 Decoys Dif/Dorsal to Reduce Antimicrobial Pep... | ACCEPT | Summary: Dif/Dorsal occupy and activate the Drs and Mtk promoters (ChIP-qPCR, luciferase). Reason: Dorsal activates RNA polymerase II transcription of zygotic patterning genes and of Toll-pathway immune targets. Core process. Supporting Evidence: PMID:34576280 lncRNA-CR11538 can decoy Dif/Dorsal away from the promoters of Drs and Mtk to repress their transcriptions by ChIP-qPCR and dual luciferase report experiments. |
| GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | IDA PMID:36516751 A Toll-dependent Bre1/Rad6-cact feedback loop in controlling... | ACCEPT | Summary: Dorsal induces Bre1 transcription after infection. Reason: Dorsal activates RNA polymerase II transcription of zygotic patterning genes and of Toll-pathway immune targets. Core process. Supporting Evidence: PMID:36516751 dorsal, one of the transcription factors of the fly Toll pathway, can induce the expression of the E3 ligase Bre1 |
| GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | IDA PMID:7479760 Interactions of a Rel protein with its inhibitor. | ACCEPT | Summary: Dorsal activation region is functional in yeast. Reason: Dorsal activates RNA polymerase II transcription of zygotic patterning genes and of Toll-pathway immune targets. Core process. Supporting Evidence: PMID:7479760 In contrast, Dorsal's transcriptional activating region is functional in the Dorsal-Cactus complex. |
| GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | IDA PMID:8846922 Functional interactions between the pelle kinase, Toll recep... | ACCEPT | Summary: Pelle/Toll enhance Dorsal-dependent transcription in S2 cells. Reason: Dorsal activates RNA polymerase II transcription of zygotic patterning genes and of Toll-pathway immune targets. Core process. Supporting Evidence: PMID:8846922 Coexpression of pll with dl enhanced dl nuclear localization and resulted in a modest increase in transcriptional activity. |
| GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | IDA PMID:9806924 Cell type-specific regulation of the Drosophila FMRF-NH2 neu... | ACCEPT | Summary: Annotation from an Apterous/FMRFa paper; the cached abstract does not mention Dorsal. Reason: Dorsal activates RNA polymerase II transcription of zygotic patterning genes and of Toll-pathway immune targets. Core process. Abstract-only record; the Dorsal experiment cannot be checked here, so the curator is deferred to. Supporting Evidence: PMID:1648449 by transient cotransfection assays, we show that the dorsal protein specifically activates expression from the twist promoter. |
| GO:0048935 peripheral nervous system neuron development | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: ARBA peripheral nervous system neuron development. Reason: dl, Dif and Rel mutants show ectopic bristles and the Rel proteins regulate scute transcription in sensory organ precursor selection. Supported by mutant phenotypes but a peripheral role. Supporting Evidence: PMID:18000549 Flies homozygous for loss of function alleles of dl, Dif and Rel were found to display ectopic bristles on the notum in dorsocentral, scutellar and lateral regions |
| GO:0048935 peripheral nervous system neuron development | IMP PMID:18000549 NF-kappaB/Rel-mediated regulation of the neural fate in Dros... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Ectopic bristles in dl mutants; NF-kappaB/Rel regulation of scute. Reason: dl, Dif and Rel mutants show ectopic bristles and the Rel proteins regulate scute transcription in sensory organ precursor selection. Supported by mutant phenotypes but a peripheral role. Supporting Evidence: PMID:18000549 Flies homozygous for loss of function alleles of dl, Dif and Rel were found to display ectopic bristles on the notum in dorsocentral, scutellar and lateral regions PMID:18000549 these factors regulate transcription of scute during the singling out of sensory organ precursors |
| GO:0070379 high mobility group box 1 binding | IPI PMID:10606643 HMG boxes of DSP1 protein interact with the rel homology dom... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Dorsal binds DSP1 and rat HMG1 via the Rel domain; HMG proteins increase Dorsal DNA-binding affinity. Reason: Direct in vitro binding with a functional consequence (enhanced DNA binding), but an accessory interaction rather than a core activity. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10606643 We show that Dorsal has the ability to interact with DSP1 in vitro as well as with rat HMG1. PMID:10606643 their DNA binding affinities were increased in the presence of DSP1 and HMG1. |
| GO:0071212 subsynaptic reticulum | IDA PMID:26167685 Alternative NF-ΞΊB Isoforms in the Drosophila Neuromuscular J... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Dorsal B localizes to the subsynaptic reticulum. Reason: Larval body-wall muscle expresses the Dorsal B isoform (intron retention), which accumulates postsynaptically at the neuromuscular junction/subsynaptic reticulum with Cactus and does not translocate to nuclei. The location is well supported but is an isoform-specific, non-transcriptional role distinct from the core function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:26167685 Dorsal is expressed in the larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and, more specifically, at the subsynaptic reticulum (SSR), a highly convoluted muscle membrane structure that surrounds synaptic boutons |
| GO:0140297 DNA-binding transcription factor binding | IPI PMID:10606643 HMG boxes of DSP1 protein interact with the rel homology dom... | MODIFY | Summary: Dorsal Rel domain binds the HMG boxes of DSP1, a putative Dorsal corepressor. Reason: DSP1 is an HMGB-family architectural protein described as a Dorsal co-repressor, not a sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factor. The HMG box 1 binding row captures the interaction; if a transcription-regulator binding term is wanted, corepressor binding fits better. Proposed replacements: transcription corepressor binding Supporting Evidence: PMID:10606643 We show that Dorsal has the ability to interact with DSP1 in vitro as well as with rat HMG1. PMID:10606643 DSP1, a HMG box protein that was isolated as a putative co-repressor of Dorsal |
| GO:0140297 DNA-binding transcription factor binding | IPI PMID:9774673 Dorsal-mediated repression requires the formation of a multi... | MODIFY | Summary: Dorsal binds Groucho (Gro), a corepressor, not a DNA-binding transcription factor. Reason: The interacting partner recorded for this row is Groucho, a WD40 corepressor without DNA-binding activity. Dorsal recruits Gro to ventral repression regions to switch from activator to repressor. Transcription corepressor binding is the accurate term. Proposed replacements: transcription corepressor binding Supporting Evidence: PMID:9774673 Dorsal and Dri both bind Gro, acting cooperatively to recruit it to the DNA. PMID:9774673 This complex includes Dorsal, Gro, and additional DNA binding proteins, which appear to convert Dorsal from an activator to a repressor by enabling it to recruit Gro to the template. |
| GO:0001227 DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific | IDA PMID:9774673 Dorsal-mediated repression requires the formation of a multi... | NEW | Summary: Dorsal binds ventral repression regions (zen) and recruits the corepressor Groucho to repress transcription. Reason: Context-dependent repression of zen and dpp by Dorsal is central to dorsoventral patterning and is mechanistically defined: Dorsal binds VRR sites and, with Dri/Cut, recruits Groucho. This is Dorsal's own DNA-binding activity (participation test satisfied) and it is missing from GOA, which records only the activator activity. Supporting Evidence: PMID:9774673 Dorsal functions as both an activator and repressor of transcription to determine dorsoventral fate in the Drosophila melanogaster embryo. PMID:9774673 This complex includes Dorsal, Gro, and additional DNA binding proteins, which appear to convert Dorsal from an activator to a repressor by enabling it to recruit Gro to the template. PMID:1988156 Here we show that dl is a DNA-binding protein that specifically interacts with distal sequences of the zerknΓΌllt (zen) promoter, one of the genetic targets of the morphogen. file:DROME/dl__P15330/dl__P15330-deep-research-falcon.md Dorsal acts primarily as a transcriptional activator but can also function as a repressor depending on enhancer context, nuclear concentration, and interactions with cofactor proteins |
| GO:0000122 negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | IDA PMID:9774673 Dorsal-mediated repression requires the formation of a multi... | NEW | Summary: Dorsal represses zen via the ventral repression region. Reason: Companion process term for the repressor activity; Dorsal itself binds and represses the zen silencer. Supporting Evidence: PMID:9774673 This complex includes Dorsal, Gro, and additional DNA binding proteins, which appear to convert Dorsal from an activator to a repressor by enabling it to recruit Gro to the template. PMID:1988156 Here we show that dl is a DNA-binding protein that specifically interacts with distal sequences of the zerknΓΌllt (zen) promoter, one of the genetic targets of the morphogen. |
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Download this section (compressed HTML)Q: Should the Drosophila Toll-Cactus-Dorsal/Dif branch be annotated to canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction (GO:0007249), whose definition requires IKK, given that Cactus degradation in this branch is ird5/IKKbeta-independent and the Cactus kinase is not firmly established?
Q: Is the non-canonical NF-kappaB IBA (GO:0038061) at the Rel-family PANTHER node intended to reach class II Rel proteins of insects, which lack a processable p100-like precursor and NIK?
Q: What target genes distinguish Dorsal homodimers from Dorsal-Dif and Dorsal-Relish heterodimers in the larval fat body and hemocytes?
Q: Does the Dorsal B isoform at the neuromuscular junction have any activity beyond stabilizing Cactus?
Experiment: Genome-wide ChIP-seq/CUT&RUN of Dorsal in larval fat body before and after infection, compared with Dif, to define shared and paralogue-specific immune targets.
Experiment: Isoform-specific knockout of Dorsal B to test its role at the neuromuscular junction independently of Dorsal A/C.
Experiment: Identify the kinase that phosphorylates Cactus downstream of Pelle in the embryo, to resolve whether any IKK-like activity is involved.
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Download this section (compressed HTML)dorsal (dl) encodes a transcription factor that functions with the product of Dif, downstream of the Toll pathway. It contributes to certain functions of the Toll pathway, notably the dorsoventral patterning of early embryo.
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