rod (Rough deal) encodes the largest subunit of the Rod-Zw10-Zwilch (RZZ) complex, a ~2,100-residue KNTC1/ROD-family protein with N-terminal beta-propeller and extended alpha-solenoid regions. Rod is recruited to unattached kinetochores in prometaphase as part of the fibrous corona, where RZZ recruits Spindly-dynein-dynactin and Mad1-Mad2, enabling spindle assembly checkpoint signalling and accurate sister chromatid segregation; after microtubule attachment Rod streams off kinetochores along kinetochore microtubules and exchanges rapidly with a cytosolic pool, contributing to checkpoint silencing. rod mutants missegregate chromosomes and fail to arrest after spindle damage. Rod is also concentrated at the Golgi in spermatocytes and is needed for normal Golgi morphology, and binds GTP-bound Rab18 with Zw10.
| GO Term | Evidence | Action | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0000070 mitotic sister chromatid segregation | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Rod is required for accurate mitotic sister chromatid segregation. Reason: rod mutants greatly increase chromatid missegregation; conserved RZZ function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10523511 greatly increase the missegregation of sister chromatids during mitosis |
| GO:0000070 mitotic sister chromatid segregation | IMP PMID:11590237 The ZW10 and Rough Deal checkpoint proteins function togethe... | ACCEPT | Summary: Rod is required for accurate mitotic sister chromatid segregation. Reason: rod mutants greatly increase chromatid missegregation; conserved RZZ function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10523511 greatly increase the missegregation of sister chromatids during mitosis |
| GO:0000776 kinetochore | IDA PMID:10523511 The rough deal protein is a new kinetochore component requir... | ACCEPT | Summary: Rod is a kinetochore (outer corona) component. Reason: Repeatedly observed kinetochore localization. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10523511 localizing first to kinetochores in prometaphase, but moving to kinetochore microtubules at metaphase PMID:14711415 We propose that the Rod complex is a major component of the fibrous corona |
| GO:0000776 kinetochore | IDA PMID:11590237 The ZW10 and Rough Deal checkpoint proteins function togethe... | ACCEPT | Summary: Rod is a kinetochore (outer corona) component. Reason: Repeatedly observed kinetochore localization. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10523511 localizing first to kinetochores in prometaphase, but moving to kinetochore microtubules at metaphase PMID:14711415 We propose that the Rod complex is a major component of the fibrous corona |
| GO:0000776 kinetochore | IDA PMID:12686595 Zwilch, a new component of the ZW10/ROD complex required for... | ACCEPT | Summary: Rod is a kinetochore (outer corona) component. Reason: Repeatedly observed kinetochore localization. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10523511 localizing first to kinetochores in prometaphase, but moving to kinetochore microtubules at metaphase PMID:14711415 We propose that the Rod complex is a major component of the fibrous corona |
| GO:0000776 kinetochore | IDA PMID:14711415 In vivo dynamics of the rough deal checkpoint protein during... | ACCEPT | Summary: Rod is a kinetochore (outer corona) component. Reason: Repeatedly observed kinetochore localization. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10523511 localizing first to kinetochores in prometaphase, but moving to kinetochore microtubules at metaphase PMID:14711415 We propose that the Rod complex is a major component of the fibrous corona |
| GO:0000776 kinetochore | IDA PMID:15886105 Recruitment of Mad2 to the kinetochore requires the Rod/Zw10... | ACCEPT | Summary: Rod is a kinetochore (outer corona) component. Reason: Repeatedly observed kinetochore localization. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10523511 localizing first to kinetochores in prometaphase, but moving to kinetochore microtubules at metaphase PMID:14711415 We propose that the Rod complex is a major component of the fibrous corona |
| GO:0000776 kinetochore | IDA PMID:17576797 Spindly, a novel protein essential for silencing the spindle... | ACCEPT | Summary: Rod is a kinetochore (outer corona) component. Reason: Repeatedly observed kinetochore localization. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10523511 localizing first to kinetochores in prometaphase, but moving to kinetochore microtubules at metaphase PMID:14711415 We propose that the Rod complex is a major component of the fibrous corona |
| GO:0000776 kinetochore | IDA PMID:22685323 The Drosophila RZZ complex - roles in membrane trafficking a... | ACCEPT | Summary: Rod is a kinetochore (outer corona) component. Reason: Repeatedly observed kinetochore localization. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10523511 localizing first to kinetochores in prometaphase, but moving to kinetochore microtubules at metaphase PMID:14711415 We propose that the Rod complex is a major component of the fibrous corona |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:12686595 Zwilch, a new component of the ZW10/ROD complex required for... | REMOVE | Summary: Rod co-purifies with Zw10 and Zwilch. Reason: Bare protein binding is uninformative and is captured by RZZ complex membership; removal does not imply the interaction is false. Supporting Evidence: PMID:12686595 We found that the complex contains an additional protein we name Zwilch |
| GO:0005737 cytoplasm | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Rod exchanges with a soluble cytosolic pool. Reason: Correct but general; GFP-Rod at kinetochores and spindle turns over rapidly with free cytosolic Rod, but the functional location is the kinetochore. No replacement applies, because kinetochore, kinetochore microtubule and spindle are not descendants of cytoplasm in GO, and are captured by their own rows. Supporting Evidence: PMID:14711415 kinetochore- and spindle-associated Rod rapidly turns over with free cytosolic Rod |
| GO:0005737 cytoplasm | IDA PMID:15886105 Recruitment of Mad2 to the kinetochore requires the Rod/Zw10... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Rod exchanges with a soluble cytosolic pool. Reason: Correct but general; GFP-Rod at kinetochores and spindle turns over rapidly with free cytosolic Rod, but the functional location is the kinetochore. No replacement applies, because kinetochore, kinetochore microtubule and spindle are not descendants of cytoplasm in GO, and are captured by their own rows. Supporting Evidence: PMID:14711415 kinetochore- and spindle-associated Rod rapidly turns over with free cytosolic Rod |
| GO:0005795 Golgi stack | IDA PMID:22685323 The Drosophila RZZ complex - roles in membrane trafficking a... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Rod is concentrated at the Golgi in spermatocytes. Reason: Observed localization reflecting a secondary Golgi-related role. Supporting Evidence: PMID:22685323 Rod is concentrated at the Golgi but not at the ER |
| GO:0005819 spindle | IDA PMID:17576797 Spindly, a novel protein essential for silencing the spindle... | MODIFY | Summary: Rod associates with the spindle. Reason: Correct but less specific; MODIFY to kinetochore microtubule, which rod already carries (IBA, IDA). Proposed replacements: kinetochore microtubule |
| GO:0005828 kinetochore microtubule | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Rod streams along kinetochore microtubules after attachment. Reason: Hallmark RZZ localization, observed in fixed and live imaging. Supporting Evidence: PMID:14711415 GFP-Rod robustly streams from kinetochores along microtubules |
| GO:0005828 kinetochore microtubule | IDA PMID:10523511 The rough deal protein is a new kinetochore component requir... | ACCEPT | Summary: Rod streams along kinetochore microtubules after attachment. Reason: Hallmark RZZ localization, observed in fixed and live imaging. Supporting Evidence: PMID:14711415 GFP-Rod robustly streams from kinetochores along microtubules |
| GO:0005828 kinetochore microtubule | IDA PMID:11590237 The ZW10 and Rough Deal checkpoint proteins function togethe... | ACCEPT | Summary: Rod streams along kinetochore microtubules after attachment. Reason: Hallmark RZZ localization, observed in fixed and live imaging. Supporting Evidence: PMID:14711415 GFP-Rod robustly streams from kinetochores along microtubules |
| GO:0005828 kinetochore microtubule | IDA PMID:14711415 In vivo dynamics of the rough deal checkpoint protein during... | ACCEPT | Summary: Rod streams along kinetochore microtubules after attachment. Reason: Hallmark RZZ localization, observed in fixed and live imaging. Supporting Evidence: PMID:14711415 GFP-Rod robustly streams from kinetochores along microtubules |
| GO:0005828 kinetochore microtubule | IDA PMID:15886105 Recruitment of Mad2 to the kinetochore requires the Rod/Zw10... | ACCEPT | Summary: Rod streams along kinetochore microtubules after attachment. Reason: Hallmark RZZ localization, observed in fixed and live imaging. Supporting Evidence: PMID:14711415 GFP-Rod robustly streams from kinetochores along microtubules |
| GO:0005828 kinetochore microtubule | IDA PMID:22685323 The Drosophila RZZ complex - roles in membrane trafficking a... | ACCEPT | Summary: Rod streams along kinetochore microtubules after attachment. Reason: Hallmark RZZ localization, observed in fixed and live imaging. Supporting Evidence: PMID:14711415 GFP-Rod robustly streams from kinetochores along microtubules |
| GO:0007030 Golgi organization | IMP PMID:22685323 The Drosophila RZZ complex - roles in membrane trafficking a... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: rod mutations affect Golgi morphology. Reason: Experimentally supported but secondary role, not required for spermatocyte cytokinesis. Supporting Evidence: PMID:22685323 Mutations in rod also affect Golgi morphology |
| GO:0007094 mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint signaling | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Rod is required for spindle assembly checkpoint signalling. Reason: Core function; rod cells fail to arrest upon spindle damage, rod(Z3) embryos lack the SAC. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11146659 Rough Deal (Rod) and Zeste-White 10 (Zw10) are required for the proper functioning of the metaphase checkpoint in flies |
| GO:0007094 mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint signaling | IMP PMID:11146659 Rough deal and Zw10 are required for the metaphase checkpoin... | ACCEPT | Summary: Rod is required for spindle assembly checkpoint signalling. Reason: Core function; rod cells fail to arrest upon spindle damage, rod(Z3) embryos lack the SAC. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11146659 Rough Deal (Rod) and Zeste-White 10 (Zw10) are required for the proper functioning of the metaphase checkpoint in flies |
| GO:0030071 regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition | IMP PMID:25616898 A maternal effect rough deal mutation suggests that multiple... | ACCEPT | Summary: Rod regulates the metaphase/anaphase transition via the SAC. Reason: The SAC acts by restraining anaphase onset; rod(Z3) embryos lacking kinetochore RZZ have no SAC. Supporting Evidence: PMID:25616898 Consequently, the embryos have no spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) |
| GO:0031267 small GTPase binding | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Rod binds GTP-bound Rab18. Reason: Rab18 affinity chromatography retrieves Rod with Zw10; relevant to the membrane role, not the core kinetochore activity. Supporting Evidence: PMID:25453831 Antisera against two NRZ subunits confirmed the interaction with Rab18 and showed it to be GTP specific |
| GO:0031267 small GTPase binding | IPI PMID:25453831 Toward a comprehensive map of the effectors of rab GTPases. | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Rod binds GTP-bound Rab18. Reason: Rab18 affinity chromatography retrieves Rod with Zw10; relevant to the membrane role, not the core kinetochore activity. Supporting Evidence: PMID:25453831 Antisera against two NRZ subunits confirmed the interaction with Rab18 and showed it to be GTP specific |
| GO:0034501 protein localization to kinetochore | IMP PMID:16105886 Distinct mechanisms govern the localisation of Drosophila CL... | ACCEPT | Summary: Rod is needed for kinetochore recruitment of dynein-dependent factors. Reason: RZZ is required for kinetochore localization of dynein/dynactin, Mad2 and (via dynein) CLIP-190. Supporting Evidence: PMID:16105886 This localisation depends on the dynein-dynactin complex and Lis1 PMID:15886105 Mad2, but not BubR1, Bub1, Bub3, or Mps1, requires Rod/Zw10 for its accumulation on unattached kinetochores |
| GO:0036063 acroblast | IDA PMID:22685323 The Drosophila RZZ complex - roles in membrane trafficking a... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Rod localizes to the acroblast. Reason: Golgi-derived structure in spermatids; consistent with Golgi association. |
| GO:0051233 spindle midzone | IDA PMID:22685323 The Drosophila RZZ complex - roles in membrane trafficking a... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Rod observed at the spindle midzone. Reason: Curator-observed localization in spermatocytes; not central. |
| GO:0051988 regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore | NAS PMID:12686595 Zwilch, a new component of the ZW10/ROD complex required for... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: RZZ influences kinetochore-microtubule attachment via dynein. Reason: Author statement; indirect. Supporting Evidence: PMID:12686595 This complex recruits cytoplasmic dynein to the kinetochore and participates in the spindle checkpoint |
| GO:1903394 protein localization to kinetochore involved in kinetochore assembly | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Rod/RZZ recruits corona proteins to kinetochores. Reason: Phylogenetic inference consistent with fly data showing RZZ-dependent recruitment of dynein and Mad2 to the outer kinetochore. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10523511 necessary for the recruitment of two known kinetochore components, Zw10 and cytoplasmic dynein |
| GO:1905818 regulation of chromosome separation | IMP PMID:26859353 Gene Dosage Imbalance Contributes to Chromosomal Instability... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: rod depletion used to induce chromosomal instability. Reason: The study uses rod knockdown as a tool to induce CIN; consistent with SAC role but adds no mechanistic information. The cached abstract does not describe the rod experiment, so no supporting quote is given. |
| GO:1990423 RZZ complex | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Rod is the largest core subunit of RZZ. Reason: Biochemically purified complex. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11590237 ROD and ZW10 are in fact physically associated PMID:12686595 We found that the complex contains an additional protein we name Zwilch |
| GO:1990423 RZZ complex | IDA PMID:12686595 Zwilch, a new component of the ZW10/ROD complex required for... | ACCEPT | Summary: Rod is the largest core subunit of RZZ. Reason: Biochemically purified complex. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11590237 ROD and ZW10 are in fact physically associated PMID:12686595 We found that the complex contains an additional protein we name Zwilch |
| GO:1990423 RZZ complex | IPI PMID:12686595 Zwilch, a new component of the ZW10/ROD complex required for... | ACCEPT | Summary: Rod is the largest core subunit of RZZ. Reason: Biochemically purified complex. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11590237 ROD and ZW10 are in fact physically associated PMID:12686595 We found that the complex contains an additional protein we name Zwilch |
| GO:1990423 RZZ complex | IPI PMID:25616898 A maternal effect rough deal mutation suggests that multiple... | ACCEPT | Summary: Rod is the largest core subunit of RZZ. Reason: Biochemically purified complex. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11590237 ROD and ZW10 are in fact physically associated PMID:12686595 We found that the complex contains an additional protein we name Zwilch |
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Download this section (compressed HTML)rough deal (rod) encodes the major subunit of the Rod-Zw10-Zwilch (RZZ) complex. RZZ is an essential component of the outer kinetochore during mitosis. RZZ helps monitor and correct kinetochore-microtubule attachments during prometaphase, and consequently it regulates mitotic progression.
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